diff --git a/reflex/base.py b/reflex/base.py
index 634ae126c..c7694204c 100644
--- a/reflex/base.py
+++ b/reflex/base.py
@@ -65,7 +65,9 @@ class Base(pydantic.BaseModel):
         """
         from reflex.utils.serializers import serialize
 
-        return self.__pydantic_serializer__.to_json(value=self, fallback=serialize).decode()
+        return self.__pydantic_serializer__.to_json(
+            value=self, fallback=serialize
+        ).decode()
 
     def set(self, **kwargs):
         """Set multiple fields and return the object.
@@ -89,7 +91,6 @@ class Base(pydantic.BaseModel):
         """
         return cls.model_fields
 
-
     @classmethod
     def add_field(cls, var: Any, default_value: Any):
         """Add a pydantic field after class definition.
@@ -104,7 +105,6 @@ class Base(pydantic.BaseModel):
         cls.model_fields.update({var._var_name: field_info})
         cls.model_rebuild(force=True)
 
-
     def get_value(self, key: str) -> Any:
         """Get the value of a field.
 
diff --git a/reflex/state.py b/reflex/state.py
index 7fe50e55c..0b00f16fb 100644
--- a/reflex/state.py
+++ b/reflex/state.py
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ RESERVED_BACKEND_VAR_NAMES = {
     "_substate_var_dependencies",
     "_always_dirty_computed_vars",
     "_always_dirty_substates",
-    "_abc_impl", # pydantic v2
+    "_abc_impl",  # pydantic v2
     "_was_touched",
 }
 
@@ -159,6 +159,7 @@ SPECIAL_METHODS = {
     "model_post_init",  # never treat this as an event handler
 }
 
+
 def _substate_key(
     token: str,
     state_cls_or_name: BaseState | Type[BaseState] | str | list[str],
@@ -435,9 +436,9 @@ class BaseState(Base, ABC, extra=pydantic.Extra.allow):
 
         # Set the base and computed vars.
         cls.base_vars = {
-            field_name: BaseVar(_var_name=field_name, _var_type=field.annotation)._var_set_state(
-                cls
-            )
+            field_name: BaseVar(
+                _var_name=field_name, _var_type=field.annotation
+            )._var_set_state(cls)
             for field_name, field in cls.get_fields().items()
             if field_name not in cls.get_skip_vars()
         }
diff --git a/reflex/utils/types.py b/reflex/utils/types.py
index d320351bc..1fe53eb2b 100644
--- a/reflex/utils/types.py
+++ b/reflex/utils/types.py
@@ -168,7 +168,11 @@ def get_attribute_access_type(cls: GenericType, name: str) -> GenericType | None
         # pydantic models
         field = cls.model_fields[name]
         type_ = field.annotation
-        if not field.is_required() and field.default is None and field.default_factory is None:
+        if (
+            not field.is_required()
+            and field.default is None
+            and field.default_factory is None
+        ):
             # Ensure frontend uses null coalescing when accessing.
             type_ = Optional[type_]
         return type_
diff --git a/reflex/vars.py b/reflex/vars.py
index a591b76bf..725efdec8 100644
--- a/reflex/vars.py
+++ b/reflex/vars.py
@@ -220,7 +220,9 @@ def _encode_var(value: Var) -> str:
         final_value = str(value)
         data = value._var_data.dict()
         data["string_length"] = len(final_value)
-        data_json = value._var_data.__pydantic_serializer__.to_json(value=data, fallback=serialize).decode()
+        data_json = value._var_data.__pydantic_serializer__.to_json(
+            value=data, fallback=serialize
+        ).decode()
 
         return (
             f"{constants.REFLEX_VAR_OPENING_TAG}{data_json}{constants.REFLEX_VAR_CLOSING_TAG}"
@@ -243,7 +245,6 @@ def _decode_var(value: str) -> tuple[VarData | None, str]:
     if isinstance(value, str):
         offset = 0
 
-
         def json_loads(s):
             try:
                 return VarData.model_validate(s)