diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/enhancement_request.md b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/enhancement_request.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..409524feb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/enhancement_request.md
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+---
+name: Enhancement Request
+about: Suggest an enhancement for an existing Reflex feature.
+title: ''
+labels: 'enhancement'
+assignees: ''
+---
+
+**Describe the Enhancement you want**
+A clear and concise description of what the improvement does.
+
+- Which feature do you want to improve? (and what problem does it have)
+
+- What is the benefit of the enhancement?
+
+- Show an example/usecase were the improvement are needed.
+ 
+**Additional context**
+Add any other context here.
diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature_request.md b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature_request.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7e217d83a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature_request.md
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+---
+name: Feature Request
+about: Suggest a new feature for Reflex
+title: ''
+labels: 'feature request'
+assignees: ''
+
+---
+
+**Describe the Features**
+A clear and concise description of what the features does.
+
+- What is the purpose of the feature?
+
+- Show an example / use cases for the new feature.
+ 
+**Additional context**
+Add any other context here.
diff --git a/.github/workflows/integration_tests.yml b/.github/workflows/integration_tests.yml
index 38c57f173..2ed68ad9f 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/integration_tests.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/integration_tests.yml
@@ -162,7 +162,36 @@ jobs:
           --python-version "${{ matrix.python-version }}" --commit-sha "${{ github.sha }}"
           --pr-id "${{ github.event.pull_request.id }}" --branch-name "${{ github.head_ref || github.ref_name }}"
           --app-name "reflex-web" --path ./reflex-web/.web
+
+  rx-shout-from-template:
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: ./.github/actions/setup_build_env
+        with:
+          python-version: '3.11.4'
+          run-poetry-install: true
+          create-venv-at-path: .venv
+      - name: Create app directory
+        run: mkdir rx-shout-from-template
+      - name: Init reflex-web from template
+        run: poetry run reflex init --template https://github.com/masenf/rx_shout
+        working-directory: ./rx-shout-from-template
+      - name: ignore reflex pin in requirements
+        run: sed -i -e '/reflex==/d' requirements.txt
+        working-directory: ./rx-shout-from-template
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: poetry run uv pip install -r requirements.txt
+        working-directory: ./rx-shout-from-template
+      - name: Run Website and Check for errors
+        run: |
+          # Check that npm is home
+          npm -v
+          poetry run bash scripts/integration.sh ./rx-shout-from-template prod
   
+
   reflex-web-macos:
     if: github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref == 'refs/heads/main'
     strategy:
diff --git a/.pre-commit-config.yaml b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
index 4046bad2d..1acf9ecb8 100644
--- a/.pre-commit-config.yaml
+++ b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ fail_fast: true
 repos:
 
   - repo: https://github.com/charliermarsh/ruff-pre-commit
-    rev: v0.7.4
+    rev: v0.8.2
     hooks:
       - id: ruff-format
         args: [reflex, tests]
diff --git a/docker-example/production-app-platform/Dockerfile b/docker-example/production-app-platform/Dockerfile
index 07ba94377..7bf71943b 100644
--- a/docker-example/production-app-platform/Dockerfile
+++ b/docker-example/production-app-platform/Dockerfile
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
 # for example, pass `docker build --platform=linux/amd64 ...`
 
 # Stage 1: init
-FROM python:3.11 as init
+FROM python:3.13 as init
 
 ARG uv=/root/.local/bin/uv
 
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ RUN $uv pip install -r requirements.txt
 RUN reflex init
 
 # Stage 2: copy artifacts into slim image 
-FROM python:3.11-slim
+FROM python:3.13-slim
 WORKDIR /app
 RUN adduser --disabled-password --home /app reflex
 COPY --chown=reflex --from=init /app /app
diff --git a/docker-example/production-compose/Dockerfile b/docker-example/production-compose/Dockerfile
index 90d2bc08d..9e69c1778 100644
--- a/docker-example/production-compose/Dockerfile
+++ b/docker-example/production-compose/Dockerfile
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 # instance of a Reflex app.
 
 # Stage 1: init
-FROM python:3.11 as init
+FROM python:3.13 as init
 
 ARG uv=/root/.local/bin/uv
 
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ RUN rm -rf .web && mkdir .web
 RUN mv /tmp/_static .web/_static
 
 # Stage 2: copy artifacts into slim image 
-FROM python:3.11-slim
+FROM python:3.13-slim
 WORKDIR /app
 RUN adduser --disabled-password --home /app reflex
 COPY --chown=reflex --from=init /app /app
diff --git a/docker-example/production-one-port/.dockerignore b/docker-example/production-one-port/.dockerignore
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..26ae41b83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docker-example/production-one-port/.dockerignore
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+.web
+!.web/bun.lockb
+!.web/package.json
diff --git a/docker-example/production-one-port/Caddyfile b/docker-example/production-one-port/Caddyfile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..28fb01861
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docker-example/production-one-port/Caddyfile
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+:{$PORT}
+
+encode gzip
+
+@backend_routes path /_event/* /ping /_upload /_upload/*
+handle @backend_routes {
+	reverse_proxy localhost:8000
+}
+
+root * /srv
+route {
+	try_files {path} {path}/ /404.html
+	file_server
+}
diff --git a/docker-example/production-one-port/Dockerfile b/docker-example/production-one-port/Dockerfile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f5e157bae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docker-example/production-one-port/Dockerfile
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+# This Dockerfile is used to deploy a single-container Reflex app instance
+# to services like Render, Railway, Heroku, GCP, and others.
+
+# If the service expects a different port, provide it here (f.e Render expects port 10000)
+ARG PORT=8080
+# Only set for local/direct access. When TLS is used, the API_URL is assumed to be the same as the frontend.
+ARG API_URL
+
+# It uses a reverse proxy to serve the frontend statically and proxy to backend
+# from a single exposed port, expecting TLS termination to be handled at the
+# edge by the given platform.
+FROM python:3.13 as builder
+
+RUN mkdir -p /app/.web
+RUN python -m venv /app/.venv
+ENV PATH="/app/.venv/bin:$PATH"
+
+WORKDIR /app
+
+# Install python app requirements and reflex in the container
+COPY requirements.txt .
+RUN pip install -r requirements.txt
+
+# Install reflex helper utilities like bun/fnm/node
+COPY rxconfig.py ./
+RUN reflex init
+
+# Install pre-cached frontend dependencies (if exist)
+COPY *.web/bun.lockb *.web/package.json .web/
+RUN if [ -f .web/bun.lockb ]; then cd .web && ~/.local/share/reflex/bun/bin/bun install --frozen-lockfile; fi
+
+# Copy local context to `/app` inside container (see .dockerignore)
+COPY . .
+
+ARG PORT API_URL
+# Download other npm dependencies and compile frontend
+RUN API_URL=${API_URL:-http://localhost:$PORT} reflex export --loglevel debug --frontend-only --no-zip && mv .web/_static/* /srv/ && rm -rf .web
+
+
+# Final image with only necessary files
+FROM python:3.13-slim
+
+# Install Caddy and redis server inside image
+RUN apt-get update -y && apt-get install -y caddy redis-server && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+
+ARG PORT API_URL
+ENV PATH="/app/.venv/bin:$PATH" PORT=$PORT API_URL=${API_URL:-http://localhost:$PORT} REDIS_URL=redis://localhost PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1
+
+WORKDIR /app
+COPY --from=builder /app /app
+COPY --from=builder /srv /srv
+
+# Needed until Reflex properly passes SIGTERM on backend.
+STOPSIGNAL SIGKILL
+
+EXPOSE $PORT
+
+# Apply migrations before starting the backend.
+CMD [ -d alembic ] && reflex db migrate; \
+    caddy start && \
+    redis-server --daemonize yes && \
+    exec reflex run --env prod --backend-only
diff --git a/docker-example/production-one-port/README.md b/docker-example/production-one-port/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f6f76620a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docker-example/production-one-port/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+# production-one-port
+
+This docker deployment runs Reflex in prod mode, exposing a single HTTP port:
+  * `8080` (`$PORT`) - Caddy server hosting the frontend statically and proxying requests to the backend.
+
+The deployment also runs a local Redis server to store state for each user.
+
+Conceptually it is similar to the `simple-one-port` example except it:
+  * has layer caching for python, reflex, and node dependencies
+  * uses multi-stage build to reduce the size of the final image
+
+Using this method may be preferable for deploying in memory constrained
+environments, because it serves a static frontend export, rather than running
+the NextJS server via node.
+
+## Build
+
+```console
+docker build -t reflex-production-one-port .
+```
+
+## Run
+
+```console
+docker run -p 8080:8080 reflex-production-one-port
+```
+
+Note that this container has _no persistence_ and will lose all data when
+stopped. You can use bind mounts or named volumes to persist the database and
+uploaded_files directories as needed.
+
+## Usage
+
+This container should be used with an existing load balancer or reverse proxy to
+terminate TLS.
+
+It is also useful for deploying to simple app platforms, such as Render or Heroku.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/docker-example/simple-one-port/Caddyfile b/docker-example/simple-one-port/Caddyfile
index 13d94ce8e..28fb01861 100644
--- a/docker-example/simple-one-port/Caddyfile
+++ b/docker-example/simple-one-port/Caddyfile
@@ -11,4 +11,4 @@ root * /srv
 route {
 	try_files {path} {path}/ /404.html
 	file_server
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
diff --git a/docker-example/simple-one-port/Dockerfile b/docker-example/simple-one-port/Dockerfile
index 4cd7e9a18..0b6dba0c4 100644
--- a/docker-example/simple-one-port/Dockerfile
+++ b/docker-example/simple-one-port/Dockerfile
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 # It uses a reverse proxy to serve the frontend statically and proxy to backend
 # from a single exposed port, expecting TLS termination to be handled at the
 # edge by the given platform.
-FROM python:3.11
+FROM python:3.13
 
 # If the service expects a different port, provide it here (f.e Render expects port 10000)
 ARG PORT=8080
@@ -38,4 +38,4 @@ EXPOSE $PORT
 CMD [ -d alembic ] && reflex db migrate; \
     caddy start && \
     redis-server --daemonize yes && \
-    exec reflex run --env prod --backend-only
\ No newline at end of file
+    exec reflex run --env prod --backend-only
diff --git a/docker-example/simple-two-port/Dockerfile b/docker-example/simple-two-port/Dockerfile
index 288f605a8..6d69fa390 100644
--- a/docker-example/simple-two-port/Dockerfile
+++ b/docker-example/simple-two-port/Dockerfile
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # This Dockerfile is used to deploy a simple single-container Reflex app instance.
-FROM python:3.12
+FROM python:3.13
 
 RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y redis-server && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
 ENV REDIS_URL=redis://localhost PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1
diff --git a/poetry.lock b/poetry.lock
index 980c0966c..cc778d19b 100644
--- a/poetry.lock
+++ b/poetry.lock
@@ -32,24 +32,24 @@ files = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "anyio"
-version = "4.6.2.post1"
+version = "4.7.0"
 description = "High level compatibility layer for multiple asynchronous event loop implementations"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.9"
 files = [
-    {file = "anyio-4.6.2.post1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:6d170c36fba3bdd840c73d3868c1e777e33676a69c3a72cf0a0d5d6d8009b61d"},
-    {file = "anyio-4.6.2.post1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:4c8bc31ccdb51c7f7bd251f51c609e038d63e34219b44aa86e47576389880b4c"},
+    {file = "anyio-4.7.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:ea60c3723ab42ba6fff7e8ccb0488c898ec538ff4df1f1d5e642c3601d07e352"},
+    {file = "anyio-4.7.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:2f834749c602966b7d456a7567cafcb309f96482b5081d14ac93ccd457f9dd48"},
 ]
 
 [package.dependencies]
 exceptiongroup = {version = ">=1.0.2", markers = "python_version < \"3.11\""}
 idna = ">=2.8"
 sniffio = ">=1.1"
-typing-extensions = {version = ">=4.1", markers = "python_version < \"3.11\""}
+typing_extensions = {version = ">=4.5", markers = "python_version < \"3.13\""}
 
 [package.extras]
-doc = ["Sphinx (>=7.4,<8.0)", "packaging", "sphinx-autodoc-typehints (>=1.2.0)", "sphinx-rtd-theme"]
-test = ["anyio[trio]", "coverage[toml] (>=7)", "exceptiongroup (>=1.2.0)", "hypothesis (>=4.0)", "psutil (>=5.9)", "pytest (>=7.0)", "pytest-mock (>=3.6.1)", "trustme", "truststore (>=0.9.1)", "uvloop (>=0.21.0b1)"]
+doc = ["Sphinx (>=7.4,<8.0)", "packaging", "sphinx-autodoc-typehints (>=1.2.0)", "sphinx_rtd_theme"]
+test = ["anyio[trio]", "coverage[toml] (>=7)", "exceptiongroup (>=1.2.0)", "hypothesis (>=4.0)", "psutil (>=5.9)", "pytest (>=7.0)", "pytest-mock (>=3.6.1)", "trustme", "truststore (>=0.9.1)", "uvloop (>=0.21)"]
 trio = ["trio (>=0.26.1)"]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -386,73 +386,73 @@ files = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "coverage"
-version = "7.6.8"
+version = "7.6.9"
 description = "Code coverage measurement for Python"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.9"
 files = [
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 [package.dependencies]
@@ -585,13 +585,13 @@ test = ["pytest (>=6)"]
 
 [[package]]
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+version = "0.115.6"
 description = "FastAPI framework, high performance, easy to learn, fast to code, ready for production"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.8"
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 [package.dependencies]
@@ -760,13 +760,13 @@ trio = ["trio (>=0.22.0,<1.0)"]
 
 [[package]]
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-version = "0.27.2"
+version = "0.28.1"
 description = "The next generation HTTP client."
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 python-versions = ">=3.8"
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 [package.dependencies]
@@ -774,7 +774,6 @@ anyio = "*"
 certifi = "*"
 httpcore = "==1.*"
 idna = "*"
-sniffio = "*"
 
 [package.extras]
 brotli = ["brotli", "brotlicffi"]
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 [[package]]
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 description = "A super-fast templating language that borrows the best ideas from the existing templating languages."
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 python-versions = ">=3.8"
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 [[package]]
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 python-versions = ">=3.10"
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 python-versions = ">=3.8"
 files = [
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-    {file = "pytest-8.3.3.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:70b98107bd648308a7952b06e6ca9a50bc660be218d53c257cc1fc94fda10181"},
+    {file = "pytest-8.3.4-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:50e16d954148559c9a74109af1eaf0c945ba2d8f30f0a3d3335edde19788b6f6"},
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 ]
 
 [package.dependencies]
@@ -2023,13 +2029,13 @@ docs = ["sphinx"]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "python-multipart"
-version = "0.0.17"
+version = "0.0.19"
 description = "A streaming multipart parser for Python"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.8"
 files = [
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+    {file = "python_multipart-0.0.19.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:905502ef39050557b7a6af411f454bc19526529ca46ae6831508438890ce12cc"},
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2174,13 +2180,13 @@ md = ["cmarkgfm (>=0.8.0)"]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "redis"
-version = "5.2.0"
+version = "5.2.1"
 description = "Python client for Redis database and key-value store"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.8"
 files = [
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+    {file = "redis-5.2.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:16f2e22dff21d5125e8481515e386711a34cbec50f0e44413dd7d9c060a54e0f"},
 ]
 
 [package.dependencies]
@@ -2206,13 +2212,13 @@ reflex = ">=0.6.0a"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "reflex-hosting-cli"
-version = "0.1.18"
+version = "0.1.30"
 description = "Reflex Hosting CLI"
 optional = false
 python-versions = "<4.0,>=3.8"
 files = [
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 ]
 
 [package.dependencies]
@@ -2224,7 +2230,7 @@ pydantic = ">=1.10.2,<3.0"
 python-dateutil = ">=2.8.1"
 rich = ">=13.0.0,<14.0"
 tabulate = ">=0.9.0,<0.10.0"
-typer = ">=0.4.2,<1"
+typer = ">=0.15.0,<1"
 websockets = ">=10.4"
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2297,29 +2303,29 @@ jupyter = ["ipywidgets (>=7.5.1,<9)"]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ruff"
-version = "0.7.4"
+version = "0.8.2"
 description = "An extremely fast Python linter and code formatter, written in Rust."
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.7"
 files = [
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 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2339,13 +2345,13 @@ jeepney = ">=0.6"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "selenium"
-version = "4.27.0"
+version = "4.27.1"
 description = "Official Python bindings for Selenium WebDriver"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.8"
 files = [
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-    {file = "selenium-4.27.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:e8850834c482dc93d92060586139cf8ff8be6c6f0e93db640fa65358548f426b"},
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+    {file = "selenium-4.27.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:5296c425a75ff1b44d0d5199042b36a6d1ef76c04fb775b97b40be739a9caae2"},
 ]
 
 [package.dependencies]
@@ -2407,13 +2413,13 @@ docs = ["sphinx"]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "six"
-version = "1.16.0"
+version = "1.17.0"
 description = "Python 2 and 3 compatibility utilities"
 optional = false
-python-versions = ">=2.7, !=3.0.*, !=3.1.*, !=3.2.*"
+python-versions = "!=3.0.*,!=3.1.*,!=3.2.*,>=2.7"
 files = [
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+    {file = "six-1.17.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:ff70335d468e7eb6ec65b95b99d3a2836546063f63acc5171de367e834932a81"},
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2642,13 +2648,43 @@ files = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tomli"
-version = "2.1.0"
+version = "2.2.1"
 description = "A lil' TOML parser"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.8"
 files = [
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+    {file = "tomli-2.2.1-cp313-cp313-musllinux_1_2_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:ac065718db92ca818f8d6141b5f66369833d4a80a9d74435a268c52bdfa73140"},
+    {file = "tomli-2.2.1-cp313-cp313-musllinux_1_2_i686.whl", hash = "sha256:d920f33822747519673ee656a4b6ac33e382eca9d331c87770faa3eef562aeb2"},
+    {file = "tomli-2.2.1-cp313-cp313-musllinux_1_2_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:a198f10c4d1b1375d7687bc25294306e551bf1abfa4eace6650070a5c1ae2744"},
+    {file = "tomli-2.2.1-cp313-cp313-win32.whl", hash = "sha256:d3f5614314d758649ab2ab3a62d4f2004c825922f9e370b29416484086b264ec"},
+    {file = "tomli-2.2.1-cp313-cp313-win_amd64.whl", hash = "sha256:a38aa0308e754b0e3c67e344754dff64999ff9b513e691d0e786265c93583c69"},
+    {file = "tomli-2.2.1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:cb55c73c5f4408779d0cf3eef9f762b9c9f147a77de7b258bef0a5628adc85cc"},
+    {file = "tomli-2.2.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:cd45e1dc79c835ce60f7404ec8119f2eb06d38b1deba146f07ced3bbc44505ff"},
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2700,19 +2736,20 @@ wsproto = ">=0.14"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "twine"
-version = "5.1.1"
+version = "6.0.1"
 description = "Collection of utilities for publishing packages on PyPI"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.8"
 files = [
-    {file = "twine-5.1.1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:215dbe7b4b94c2c50a7315c0275d2258399280fbb7d04182c7e55e24b5f93997"},
-    {file = "twine-5.1.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:9aa0825139c02b3434d913545c7b847a21c835e11597f5255842d457da2322db"},
+    {file = "twine-6.0.1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:9c6025b203b51521d53e200f4a08b116dee7500a38591668c6a6033117bdc218"},
+    {file = "twine-6.0.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:36158b09df5406e1c9c1fb8edb24fc2be387709443e7376689b938531582ee27"},
 ]
 
 [package.dependencies]
-importlib-metadata = ">=3.6"
-keyring = ">=15.1"
-pkginfo = ">=1.8.1,<1.11"
+importlib-metadata = {version = ">=3.6", markers = "python_version < \"3.10\""}
+keyring = {version = ">=15.1", markers = "platform_machine != \"ppc64le\" and platform_machine != \"s390x\""}
+packaging = "*"
+pkginfo = ">=1.8.1"
 readme-renderer = ">=35.0"
 requests = ">=2.20"
 requests-toolbelt = ">=0.8.0,<0.9.0 || >0.9.0"
@@ -2720,15 +2757,18 @@ rfc3986 = ">=1.4.0"
 rich = ">=12.0.0"
 urllib3 = ">=1.26.0"
 
+[package.extras]
+keyring = ["keyring (>=15.1)"]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "typer"
-version = "0.13.1"
+version = "0.15.1"
 description = "Typer, build great CLIs. Easy to code. Based on Python type hints."
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.7"
 files = [
-    {file = "typer-0.13.1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:5b59580fd925e89463a29d363e0a43245ec02765bde9fb77d39e5d0f29dd7157"},
-    {file = "typer-0.13.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:9d444cb96cc268ce6f8b94e13b4335084cef4c079998a9f4851a90229a3bd25c"},
+    {file = "typer-0.15.1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:7994fb7b8155b64d3402518560648446072864beefd44aa2dc36972a5972e847"},
+    {file = "typer-0.15.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:a0588c0a7fa68a1978a069818657778f86abe6ff5ea6abf472f940a08bfe4f0a"},
 ]
 
 [package.dependencies]
@@ -3036,4 +3076,4 @@ type = ["pytest-mypy"]
 [metadata]
 lock-version = "2.0"
 python-versions = "^3.9"
-content-hash = "8000601d48cfc1b10d0ae18c6046cc59a50cb6c45e6d3ef4775a3203769f2154"
+content-hash = "d62cd1897d8f73e9aad9e907beb82be509dc5e33d8f37b36ebf26ad1f3075a9f"
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index 980c16f97..1b47bb366 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [tool.poetry]
 name = "reflex"
-version = "0.6.6dev1"
+version = "0.6.7dev1"
 description = "Web apps in pure Python."
 license = "Apache-2.0"
 authors = [
@@ -49,13 +49,13 @@ wrapt = [
     {version = ">=1.11.0,<2.0", python = "<3.11"},
 ]
 packaging = ">=23.1,<25.0"
-reflex-hosting-cli = ">=0.1.17,<2.0"
+reflex-hosting-cli = ">=0.1.29,<2.0"
 charset-normalizer = ">=3.3.2,<4.0"
 wheel = ">=0.42.0,<1.0"
 build = ">=1.0.3,<2.0"
 setuptools = ">=75.0"
 httpx = ">=0.25.1,<1.0"
-twine = ">=4.0.0,<6.0"
+twine = ">=4.0.0,<7.0"
 tomlkit = ">=0.12.4,<1.0"
 lazy_loader = ">=0.4"
 reflex-chakra = ">=0.6.0"
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ dill = ">=0.3.8"
 toml = ">=0.10.2,<1.0"
 pytest-asyncio = ">=0.24.0"
 pytest-cov = ">=4.0.0,<7.0"
-ruff = "0.7.4"
+ruff = "0.8.2"
 pandas = ">=2.1.1,<3.0"
 pillow = ">=10.0.0,<12.0"
 plotly = ">=5.13.0,<6.0"
@@ -93,8 +93,8 @@ build-backend = "poetry.core.masonry.api"
 [tool.ruff]
 target-version = "py39"
 lint.isort.split-on-trailing-comma = false
-lint.select = ["B", "D", "E", "F", "I", "SIM", "W"]
-lint.ignore = ["B008", "D205", "E501", "F403", "SIM115"]
+lint.select = ["B", "D", "E", "F", "I", "SIM", "W", "RUF", "FURB"]
+lint.ignore = ["B008", "D205", "E501", "F403", "SIM115", "RUF006", "RUF012"]
 lint.pydocstyle.convention = "google"
 
 [tool.ruff.lint.per-file-ignores]
diff --git a/reflex/.templates/web/utils/state.js b/reflex/.templates/web/utils/state.js
index e14c669f5..622f171ad 100644
--- a/reflex/.templates/web/utils/state.js
+++ b/reflex/.templates/web/utils/state.js
@@ -454,6 +454,10 @@ export const connect = async (
       queueEvents(update.events, socket);
     }
   });
+  socket.current.on("reload", async (event) => {
+    event_processing = false;
+    queueEvents([...initialEvents(), JSON5.parse(event)], socket);
+  });
 
   document.addEventListener("visibilitychange", checkVisibility);
 };
@@ -486,23 +490,30 @@ export const uploadFiles = async (
     return false;
   }
 
+  // Track how many partial updates have been processed for this upload.
   let resp_idx = 0;
   const eventHandler = (progressEvent) => {
-    // handle any delta / event streamed from the upload event handler
+    const event_callbacks = socket._callbacks.$event;
+    // Whenever called, responseText will contain the entire response so far.
     const chunks = progressEvent.event.target.responseText.trim().split("\n");
+    // So only process _new_ chunks beyond resp_idx.
     chunks.slice(resp_idx).map((chunk) => {
-      try {
-        socket._callbacks.$event.map((f) => {
-          f(chunk);
-        });
-        resp_idx += 1;
-      } catch (e) {
-        if (progressEvent.progress === 1) {
-          // Chunk may be incomplete, so only report errors when full response is available.
-          console.log("Error parsing chunk", chunk, e);
-        }
-        return;
-      }
+      event_callbacks.map((f, ix) => {
+        f(chunk)
+          .then(() => {
+            if (ix === event_callbacks.length - 1) {
+              // Mark this chunk as processed.
+              resp_idx += 1;
+            }
+          })
+          .catch((e) => {
+            if (progressEvent.progress === 1) {
+              // Chunk may be incomplete, so only report errors when full response is available.
+              console.log("Error parsing chunk", chunk, e);
+            }
+            return;
+          });
+      });
     });
   };
 
@@ -707,7 +718,7 @@ export const useEventLoop = (
     const combined_name = events.map((e) => e.name).join("+++");
     if (event_actions?.temporal) {
       if (!socket.current || !socket.current.connected) {
-        return;  // don't queue when the backend is not connected
+        return; // don't queue when the backend is not connected
       }
     }
     if (event_actions?.throttle) {
@@ -848,7 +859,7 @@ export const useEventLoop = (
       if (router.components[router.pathname].error) {
         delete router.components[router.pathname].error;
       }
-    }
+    };
     router.events.on("routeChangeStart", change_start);
     router.events.on("routeChangeComplete", change_complete);
     router.events.on("routeChangeError", change_error);
diff --git a/reflex/__init__.py b/reflex/__init__.py
index 562524416..0be568b1a 100644
--- a/reflex/__init__.py
+++ b/reflex/__init__.py
@@ -331,7 +331,7 @@ _MAPPING: dict = {
         "SessionStorage",
     ],
     "middleware": ["middleware", "Middleware"],
-    "model": ["session", "Model"],
+    "model": ["asession", "session", "Model"],
     "state": [
         "var",
         "ComponentState",
diff --git a/reflex/__init__.pyi b/reflex/__init__.pyi
index 6f61435e6..6bdfa11a0 100644
--- a/reflex/__init__.pyi
+++ b/reflex/__init__.pyi
@@ -186,6 +186,7 @@ from .istate.wrappers import get_state as get_state
 from .middleware import Middleware as Middleware
 from .middleware import middleware as middleware
 from .model import Model as Model
+from .model import asession as asession
 from .model import session as session
 from .page import page as page
 from .state import ComponentState as ComponentState
diff --git a/reflex/app.py b/reflex/app.py
index fc8efb420..eb453bd0b 100644
--- a/reflex/app.py
+++ b/reflex/app.py
@@ -73,6 +73,7 @@ from reflex.event import (
     EventSpec,
     EventType,
     IndividualEventType,
+    get_hydrate_event,
     window_alert,
 )
 from reflex.model import Model, get_db_status
@@ -1156,7 +1157,7 @@ class App(MiddlewareMixin, LifespanMixin):
             if hasattr(handler_fn, "__name__"):
                 _fn_name = handler_fn.__name__
             else:
-                _fn_name = handler_fn.__class__.__name__
+                _fn_name = type(handler_fn).__name__
 
             if isinstance(handler_fn, functools.partial):
                 raise ValueError(
@@ -1259,6 +1260,21 @@ async def process(
         )
         # Get the state for the session exclusively.
         async with app.state_manager.modify_state(event.substate_token) as state:
+            # When this is a brand new instance of the state, signal the
+            # frontend to reload before processing it.
+            if (
+                not state.router_data
+                and event.name != get_hydrate_event(state)
+                and app.event_namespace is not None
+            ):
+                await asyncio.create_task(
+                    app.event_namespace.emit(
+                        "reload",
+                        data=format.json_dumps(event),
+                        to=sid,
+                    )
+                )
+                return
             # re-assign only when the value is different
             if state.router_data != router_data:
                 # assignment will recurse into substates and force recalculation of
diff --git a/reflex/assets.py b/reflex/assets.py
index 8a50664b6..a9aa7a6a9 100644
--- a/reflex/assets.py
+++ b/reflex/assets.py
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Optional
 
 from reflex import constants
-from reflex.utils.exec import is_backend_only
+from reflex.config import EnvironmentVariables
 
 
 def asset(
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ def asset(
         The relative URL to the asset.
     """
     assets = constants.Dirs.APP_ASSETS
-    backend_only = is_backend_only()
+    backend_only = EnvironmentVariables.REFLEX_BACKEND_ONLY.get()
 
     # Local asset handling
     if not shared:
diff --git a/reflex/components/base/bare.py b/reflex/components/base/bare.py
index c70b4c844..e1b5d9237 100644
--- a/reflex/components/base/bare.py
+++ b/reflex/components/base/bare.py
@@ -103,8 +103,8 @@ class Bare(Component):
     def _render(self) -> Tag:
         if isinstance(self.contents, Var):
             if isinstance(self.contents, (BooleanVar, ObjectVar)):
-                return Tagless(contents=f"{{{str(self.contents.to_string())}}}")
-            return Tagless(contents=f"{{{str(self.contents)}}}")
+                return Tagless(contents=f"{{{self.contents.to_string()!s}}}")
+            return Tagless(contents=f"{{{self.contents!s}}}")
         return Tagless(contents=str(self.contents))
 
     def _get_vars(self, include_children: bool = False) -> Iterator[Var]:
diff --git a/reflex/components/component.py b/reflex/components/component.py
index 18dedbf0e..75a821ac8 100644
--- a/reflex/components/component.py
+++ b/reflex/components/component.py
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ class ComponentNamespace(SimpleNamespace):
         Returns:
             The hash of the namespace.
         """
-        return hash(self.__class__.__name__)
+        return hash(type(self).__name__)
 
 
 def evaluate_style_namespaces(style: ComponentStyle) -> dict:
@@ -583,7 +583,7 @@ class Component(BaseComponent, ABC):
                 return self._create_event_chain(args_spec, value.guess_type(), key=key)
             else:
                 raise ValueError(
-                    f"Invalid event chain: {str(value)} of type {value._var_type}"
+                    f"Invalid event chain: {value!s} of type {value._var_type}"
                 )
         elif isinstance(value, EventChain):
             # Trust that the caller knows what they're doing passing an EventChain directly
@@ -1111,7 +1111,7 @@ class Component(BaseComponent, ABC):
                 vars.append(prop_var)
 
         # Style keeps track of its own VarData instance, so embed in a temp Var that is yielded.
-        if isinstance(self.style, dict) and self.style or isinstance(self.style, Var):
+        if (isinstance(self.style, dict) and self.style) or isinstance(self.style, Var):
             vars.append(
                 Var(
                     _js_expr="style",
@@ -1466,7 +1466,9 @@ class Component(BaseComponent, ABC):
         """
         ref = self.get_ref()
         if ref is not None:
-            return f"const {ref} = useRef(null); {str(Var(_js_expr=ref)._as_ref())} = {ref};"
+            return (
+                f"const {ref} = useRef(null); {Var(_js_expr=ref)._as_ref()!s} = {ref};"
+            )
 
     def _get_vars_hooks(self) -> dict[str, None]:
         """Get the hooks required by vars referenced in this component.
@@ -2563,7 +2565,7 @@ class LiteralComponentVar(CachedVarOperation, LiteralVar, ComponentVar):
         Returns:
             The hash of the var.
         """
-        return hash((self.__class__.__name__, self._js_expr))
+        return hash((type(self).__name__, self._js_expr))
 
     @classmethod
     def create(
diff --git a/reflex/components/core/banner.py b/reflex/components/core/banner.py
index f6abbab90..a5553800d 100644
--- a/reflex/components/core/banner.py
+++ b/reflex/components/core/banner.py
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ class ConnectionToaster(Toaster):
         )
 
         individual_hooks = [
-            f"const toast_props = {str(LiteralVar.create(props))};",
+            f"const toast_props = {LiteralVar.create(props)!s};",
             "const [userDismissed, setUserDismissed] = useState(false);",
             FunctionStringVar(
                 "useEffect",
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ class ConnectionToaster(Toaster):
                 Var(
                     _js_expr=f"""
 () => {{
-    if ({str(has_too_many_connection_errors)}) {{
+    if ({has_too_many_connection_errors!s}) {{
         if (!userDismissed) {{
             toast.error(
                 `Cannot connect to server: ${{{connection_error}}}.`,
diff --git a/reflex/components/core/clipboard.py b/reflex/components/core/clipboard.py
index 6d6a38acc..938cd13c0 100644
--- a/reflex/components/core/clipboard.py
+++ b/reflex/components/core/clipboard.py
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ class Clipboard(Fragment):
         return super().create(*children, **props)
 
     def _exclude_props(self) -> list[str]:
-        return super()._exclude_props() + ["on_paste", "on_paste_event_actions"]
+        return [*super()._exclude_props(), "on_paste", "on_paste_event_actions"]
 
     def _render(self) -> Tag:
         tag = super()._render()
diff --git a/reflex/components/core/cond.py b/reflex/components/core/cond.py
index 5b6ee2a7f..488990f54 100644
--- a/reflex/components/core/cond.py
+++ b/reflex/components/core/cond.py
@@ -49,9 +49,9 @@ class Cond(MemoizationLeaf):
             The conditional component.
         """
         # Wrap everything in fragments.
-        if comp1.__class__.__name__ != "Fragment":
+        if type(comp1).__name__ != "Fragment":
             comp1 = Fragment.create(comp1)
-        if comp2 is None or comp2.__class__.__name__ != "Fragment":
+        if comp2 is None or type(comp2).__name__ != "Fragment":
             comp2 = Fragment.create(comp2) if comp2 else Fragment.create()
         return Fragment.create(
             cls(
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ class Cond(MemoizationLeaf):
             ).set(
                 props=tag.format_props(),
             ),
-            cond_state=f"isTrue({str(self.cond)})",
+            cond_state=f"isTrue({self.cond!s})",
         )
 
     def add_imports(self) -> ImportDict:
diff --git a/reflex/components/core/foreach.py b/reflex/components/core/foreach.py
index a3f97d594..c9fbe5bc5 100644
--- a/reflex/components/core/foreach.py
+++ b/reflex/components/core/foreach.py
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ class Foreach(Component):
         iterable = LiteralVar.create(iterable)
         if iterable._var_type == Any:
             raise ForeachVarError(
-                f"Could not foreach over var `{str(iterable)}` of type Any. "
+                f"Could not foreach over var `{iterable!s}` of type Any. "
                 "(If you are trying to foreach over a state var, add a type annotation to the var). "
                 "See https://reflex.dev/docs/library/dynamic-rendering/foreach/"
             )
diff --git a/reflex/components/core/upload.py b/reflex/components/core/upload.py
index 33dfae40f..b5b701d6d 100644
--- a/reflex/components/core/upload.py
+++ b/reflex/components/core/upload.py
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ def upload_file(id_: str = DEFAULT_UPLOAD_ID) -> Var:
     id_var = LiteralStringVar.create(id_)
     var_name = f"""e => setFilesById(filesById => {{
     const updatedFilesById = Object.assign({{}}, filesById);
-    updatedFilesById[{str(id_var)}] = e;
+    updatedFilesById[{id_var!s}] = e;
     return updatedFilesById;
   }})
     """
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ def selected_files(id_: str = DEFAULT_UPLOAD_ID) -> Var:
     """
     id_var = LiteralStringVar.create(id_)
     return Var(
-        _js_expr=f"(filesById[{str(id_var)}] ? filesById[{str(id_var)}].map((f) => (f.path || f.name)) : [])",
+        _js_expr=f"(filesById[{id_var!s}] ? filesById[{id_var!s}].map((f) => (f.path || f.name)) : [])",
         _var_type=List[str],
         _var_data=VarData.merge(
             upload_files_context_var_data, id_var._get_all_var_data()
@@ -120,9 +120,7 @@ def cancel_upload(upload_id: str) -> EventSpec:
     Returns:
         An event spec that cancels the upload when triggered.
     """
-    return run_script(
-        f"upload_controllers[{str(LiteralVar.create(upload_id))}]?.abort()"
-    )
+    return run_script(f"upload_controllers[{LiteralVar.create(upload_id)!s}]?.abort()")
 
 
 def get_upload_dir() -> Path:
@@ -293,13 +291,15 @@ class Upload(MemoizationLeaf):
             format.to_camel_case(key): value for key, value in upload_props.items()
         }
 
-        use_dropzone_arguments = {
-            "onDrop": event_var,
-            **upload_props,
-        }
+        use_dropzone_arguments = Var.create(
+            {
+                "onDrop": event_var,
+                **upload_props,
+            }
+        )
 
         left_side = f"const {{getRootProps: {root_props_unique_name}, getInputProps: {input_props_unique_name}}} "
-        right_side = f"useDropzone({str(Var.create(use_dropzone_arguments))})"
+        right_side = f"useDropzone({use_dropzone_arguments!s})"
 
         var_data = VarData.merge(
             VarData(
@@ -307,6 +307,7 @@ class Upload(MemoizationLeaf):
                 hooks={Hooks.EVENTS: None},
             ),
             event_var._get_all_var_data(),
+            use_dropzone_arguments._get_all_var_data(),
             VarData(
                 hooks={
                     callback_str: None,
diff --git a/reflex/components/datadisplay/code.py b/reflex/components/datadisplay/code.py
index b514bc888..195aa6b66 100644
--- a/reflex/components/datadisplay/code.py
+++ b/reflex/components/datadisplay/code.py
@@ -519,13 +519,13 @@ class CodeBlock(Component, MarkdownComponentMap):
             The hook to register the language.
         """
         return f"""
- if ({str(_LANGUAGE)}) {{
+ if ({_LANGUAGE!s}) {{
     (async () => {{
       try {{
-        const module = await import(`react-syntax-highlighter/dist/cjs/languages/prism/${{{str(_LANGUAGE)}}}`);
-        SyntaxHighlighter.registerLanguage({str(_LANGUAGE)}, module.default);
+        const module = await import(`react-syntax-highlighter/dist/cjs/languages/prism/${{{_LANGUAGE!s}}}`);
+        SyntaxHighlighter.registerLanguage({_LANGUAGE!s}, module.default);
       }} catch (error) {{
-        console.error(`Error importing language module for ${{{str(_LANGUAGE)}}}:`, error);
+        console.error(`Error importing language module for ${{{_LANGUAGE!s}}}:`, error);
       }}
     }})();
   }}
@@ -547,7 +547,7 @@ class CodeBlock(Component, MarkdownComponentMap):
             The hooks for the component.
         """
         return [
-            f"const {str(_LANGUAGE)} = {str(self.language)}",
+            f"const {_LANGUAGE!s} = {self.language!s}",
             self._get_language_registration_hook(),
         ]
 
diff --git a/reflex/components/datadisplay/dataeditor.py b/reflex/components/datadisplay/dataeditor.py
index e3f0b7117..93352c291 100644
--- a/reflex/components/datadisplay/dataeditor.py
+++ b/reflex/components/datadisplay/dataeditor.py
@@ -406,10 +406,8 @@ class DataEditor(NoSSRComponent):
             props["rows"] = data.length() if isinstance(data, Var) else len(data)
 
         if not isinstance(columns, Var) and len(columns):
-            if (
-                types.is_dataframe(type(data))
-                or isinstance(data, Var)
-                and types.is_dataframe(data._var_type)
+            if types.is_dataframe(type(data)) or (
+                isinstance(data, Var) and types.is_dataframe(data._var_type)
             ):
                 raise ValueError(
                     "Cannot pass in both a pandas dataframe and columns to the data_editor component."
diff --git a/reflex/components/dynamic.py b/reflex/components/dynamic.py
index ce59c3f30..fbfc55f97 100644
--- a/reflex/components/dynamic.py
+++ b/reflex/components/dynamic.py
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ def load_dynamic_serializer():
                         f"const [{unique_var_name}, set_{unique_var_name}] = useState(null);": None,
                         "useEffect(() => {"
                         "let isMounted = true;"
-                        f"evalReactComponent({str(js_string)})"
+                        f"evalReactComponent({js_string!s})"
                         ".then((component) => {"
                         "if (isMounted) {"
                         f"set_{unique_var_name}(component);"
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ def load_dynamic_serializer():
                         "isMounted = false;"
                         "};"
                         "}"
-                        f", [{str(js_string)}]);": None,
+                        f", [{js_string!s}]);": None,
                     },
                 ),
             ),
diff --git a/reflex/components/el/elements/forms.py b/reflex/components/el/elements/forms.py
index 7a94a9c2d..a82d6bcdd 100644
--- a/reflex/components/el/elements/forms.py
+++ b/reflex/components/el/elements/forms.py
@@ -241,13 +241,13 @@ class Form(BaseHTML):
             if ref.startswith("refs_"):
                 ref_var = Var(_js_expr=ref[:-3])._as_ref()
                 form_refs[ref[len("refs_") : -3]] = Var(
-                    _js_expr=f"getRefValues({str(ref_var)})",
+                    _js_expr=f"getRefValues({ref_var!s})",
                     _var_data=VarData.merge(ref_var._get_all_var_data()),
                 )
             else:
                 ref_var = Var(_js_expr=ref)._as_ref()
                 form_refs[ref[4:]] = Var(
-                    _js_expr=f"getRefValue({str(ref_var)})",
+                    _js_expr=f"getRefValue({ref_var!s})",
                     _var_data=VarData.merge(ref_var._get_all_var_data()),
                 )
         # print(repr(form_refs))
@@ -258,7 +258,8 @@ class Form(BaseHTML):
         yield from self._get_form_refs().values()
 
     def _exclude_props(self) -> list[str]:
-        return super()._exclude_props() + [
+        return [
+            *super()._exclude_props(),
             "reset_on_submit",
             "handle_submit_unique_name",
         ]
@@ -570,6 +571,9 @@ class Textarea(BaseHTML):
     # Visible width of the text control, in average character widths
     cols: Var[Union[str, int, bool]]
 
+    # The default value of the textarea when initially rendered
+    default_value: Var[str]
+
     # Name part of the textarea to submit in 'dir' and 'name' pair when form is submitted
     dirname: Var[Union[str, int, bool]]
 
@@ -649,19 +653,20 @@ class Textarea(BaseHTML):
                     "Cannot combine `enter_key_submit` with `on_key_down`.",
                 )
             custom_attrs["on_key_down"] = Var(
-                _js_expr=f"(e) => enterKeySubmitOnKeyDown(e, {str(enter_key_submit)})",
+                _js_expr=f"(e) => enterKeySubmitOnKeyDown(e, {enter_key_submit!s})",
                 _var_data=VarData.merge(enter_key_submit._get_all_var_data()),
             )
         if auto_height is not None:
             auto_height = Var.create(auto_height)
             custom_attrs["on_input"] = Var(
-                _js_expr=f"(e) => autoHeightOnInput(e, {str(auto_height)})",
+                _js_expr=f"(e) => autoHeightOnInput(e, {auto_height!s})",
                 _var_data=VarData.merge(auto_height._get_all_var_data()),
             )
         return super().create(*children, **props)
 
     def _exclude_props(self) -> list[str]:
-        return super()._exclude_props() + [
+        return [
+            *super()._exclude_props(),
             "auto_height",
             "enter_key_submit",
         ]
diff --git a/reflex/components/el/elements/forms.pyi b/reflex/components/el/elements/forms.pyi
index a32eb8c5d..e2d659338 100644
--- a/reflex/components/el/elements/forms.pyi
+++ b/reflex/components/el/elements/forms.pyi
@@ -1350,6 +1350,7 @@ class Textarea(BaseHTML):
         auto_focus: Optional[Union[Var[Union[bool, int, str]], bool, int, str]] = None,
         auto_height: Optional[Union[Var[bool], bool]] = None,
         cols: Optional[Union[Var[Union[bool, int, str]], bool, int, str]] = None,
+        default_value: Optional[Union[Var[str], str]] = None,
         dirname: Optional[Union[Var[Union[bool, int, str]], bool, int, str]] = None,
         disabled: Optional[Union[Var[Union[bool, int, str]], bool, int, str]] = None,
         enter_key_submit: Optional[Union[Var[bool], bool]] = None,
@@ -1439,6 +1440,7 @@ class Textarea(BaseHTML):
             auto_focus: Automatically focuses the textarea when the page loads
             auto_height: Automatically fit the content height to the text (use min-height with this prop)
             cols: Visible width of the text control, in average character widths
+            default_value: The default value of the textarea when initially rendered
             dirname: Name part of the textarea to submit in 'dir' and 'name' pair when form is submitted
             disabled: Disables the textarea
             enter_key_submit: Enter key submits form (shift-enter adds new line)
diff --git a/reflex/components/el/elements/metadata.py b/reflex/components/el/elements/metadata.py
index 983a8f3a0..94c1e8faa 100644
--- a/reflex/components/el/elements/metadata.py
+++ b/reflex/components/el/elements/metadata.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ from reflex.vars.base import Var
 from .base import BaseHTML
 
 
-class Base(BaseHTML):  # noqa: E742
+class Base(BaseHTML):
     """Display the base element."""
 
     tag = "base"
@@ -18,13 +18,13 @@ class Base(BaseHTML):  # noqa: E742
     target: Var[Union[str, int, bool]]
 
 
-class Head(BaseHTML):  # noqa: E742
+class Head(BaseHTML):
     """Display the head element."""
 
     tag = "head"
 
 
-class Link(BaseHTML):  # noqa: E742
+class Link(BaseHTML):
     """Display the link element."""
 
     tag = "link"
@@ -75,14 +75,14 @@ class Meta(BaseHTML):  # Inherits common attributes from BaseHTML
     name: Var[Union[str, int, bool]]
 
 
-class Title(Element):  # noqa: E742
+class Title(Element):
     """Display the title element."""
 
     tag = "title"
 
 
 # Had to be named with an underscore so it doesnt conflict with reflex.style Style in pyi
-class StyleEl(Element):  # noqa: E742
+class StyleEl(Element):
     """Display the style element."""
 
     tag = "style"
diff --git a/reflex/components/el/elements/sectioning.py b/reflex/components/el/elements/sectioning.py
index 6aea8c1e3..e74d7929c 100644
--- a/reflex/components/el/elements/sectioning.py
+++ b/reflex/components/el/elements/sectioning.py
@@ -3,91 +3,91 @@
 from .base import BaseHTML
 
 
-class Body(BaseHTML):  # noqa: E742
+class Body(BaseHTML):
     """Display the body element."""
 
     tag = "body"
 
 
-class Address(BaseHTML):  # noqa: E742
+class Address(BaseHTML):
     """Display the address element."""
 
     tag = "address"
 
 
-class Article(BaseHTML):  # noqa: E742
+class Article(BaseHTML):
     """Display the article element."""
 
     tag = "article"
 
 
-class Aside(BaseHTML):  # noqa: E742
+class Aside(BaseHTML):
     """Display the aside element."""
 
     tag = "aside"
 
 
-class Footer(BaseHTML):  # noqa: E742
+class Footer(BaseHTML):
     """Display the footer element."""
 
     tag = "footer"
 
 
-class Header(BaseHTML):  # noqa: E742
+class Header(BaseHTML):
     """Display the header element."""
 
     tag = "header"
 
 
-class H1(BaseHTML):  # noqa: E742
+class H1(BaseHTML):
     """Display the h1 element."""
 
     tag = "h1"
 
 
-class H2(BaseHTML):  # noqa: E742
+class H2(BaseHTML):
     """Display the h1 element."""
 
     tag = "h2"
 
 
-class H3(BaseHTML):  # noqa: E742
+class H3(BaseHTML):
     """Display the h1 element."""
 
     tag = "h3"
 
 
-class H4(BaseHTML):  # noqa: E742
+class H4(BaseHTML):
     """Display the h1 element."""
 
     tag = "h4"
 
 
-class H5(BaseHTML):  # noqa: E742
+class H5(BaseHTML):
     """Display the h1 element."""
 
     tag = "h5"
 
 
-class H6(BaseHTML):  # noqa: E742
+class H6(BaseHTML):
     """Display the h1 element."""
 
     tag = "h6"
 
 
-class Main(BaseHTML):  # noqa: E742
+class Main(BaseHTML):
     """Display the main element."""
 
     tag = "main"
 
 
-class Nav(BaseHTML):  # noqa: E742
+class Nav(BaseHTML):
     """Display the nav element."""
 
     tag = "nav"
 
 
-class Section(BaseHTML):  # noqa: E742
+class Section(BaseHTML):
     """Display the section element."""
 
     tag = "section"
diff --git a/reflex/components/markdown/markdown.py b/reflex/components/markdown/markdown.py
index 376cb8bd6..cd82d5903 100644
--- a/reflex/components/markdown/markdown.py
+++ b/reflex/components/markdown/markdown.py
@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ class Markdown(Component):
         # Format the code to handle inline and block code.
         formatted_code = f"""
 const match = (className || '').match(/language-(?<lang>.*)/);
-const {str(_LANGUAGE)} = match ? match[1] : '';
+const {_LANGUAGE!s} = match ? match[1] : '';
 {codeblock_custom_code};
             return inline ? (
                 {self.format_component("code")}
@@ -340,7 +340,7 @@ const {str(_LANGUAGE)} = match ? match[1] : '';
         # If the children are set as a prop, don't pass them as children.
         children_prop = props.pop("children", None)
         if children_prop is not None:
-            special_props.append(Var(_js_expr=f"children={{{str(children_prop)}}}"))
+            special_props.append(Var(_js_expr=f"children={{{children_prop!s}}}"))
             children = []
         # Get the component.
         component = self.component_map[tag](*children, **props).set(
@@ -429,7 +429,7 @@ const {str(_LANGUAGE)} = match ? match[1] : '';
         function {self._get_component_map_name()} () {{
             {formatted_hooks}
             return (
-                {str(LiteralVar.create(self.format_component_map()))}
+                {LiteralVar.create(self.format_component_map())!s}
             )
         }}
         """
diff --git a/reflex/components/plotly/plotly.py b/reflex/components/plotly/plotly.py
index f07a743cb..d69070ed3 100644
--- a/reflex/components/plotly/plotly.py
+++ b/reflex/components/plotly/plotly.py
@@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ const extractPoints = (points) => {
 
     def _render(self):
         tag = super()._render()
-        figure = self.data.to(dict) if self.data is not None else {}
+        figure = self.data.to(dict) if self.data is not None else Var.create({})
         merge_dicts = []  # Data will be merged and spread from these dict Vars
         if self.layout is not None:
             # Why is this not a literal dict? Great question... it didn't work
@@ -270,11 +270,11 @@ const extractPoints = (points) => {
             tag.special_props.append(
                 # Merge all dictionaries and spread the result over props.
                 Var(
-                    _js_expr=f"{{...mergician({str(figure)},"
+                    _js_expr=f"{{...mergician({figure!s},"
                     f"{','.join(str(md) for md in merge_dicts)})}}",
                 ),
             )
         else:
             # Spread the figure dict over props, nothing to merge.
-            tag.special_props.append(Var(_js_expr=f"{{...{str(figure)}}}"))
+            tag.special_props.append(Var(_js_expr=f"{{...{figure!s}}}"))
         return tag
diff --git a/reflex/components/radix/primitives/accordion.py b/reflex/components/radix/primitives/accordion.py
index 608fee69d..0ba618e21 100644
--- a/reflex/components/radix/primitives/accordion.py
+++ b/reflex/components/radix/primitives/accordion.py
@@ -129,7 +129,8 @@ class AccordionRoot(AccordionComponent):
     on_value_change: EventHandler[on_value_change]
 
     def _exclude_props(self) -> list[str]:
-        return super()._exclude_props() + [
+        return [
+            *super()._exclude_props(),
             "radius",
             "duration",
             "easing",
diff --git a/reflex/components/radix/themes/base.py b/reflex/components/radix/themes/base.py
index 65a9ae835..e90d41a5a 100644
--- a/reflex/components/radix/themes/base.py
+++ b/reflex/components/radix/themes/base.py
@@ -139,9 +139,7 @@ class RadixThemesComponent(Component):
         component = super().create(*children, **props)
         if component.library is None:
             component.library = RadixThemesComponent.__fields__["library"].default
-        component.alias = "RadixThemes" + (
-            component.tag or component.__class__.__name__
-        )
+        component.alias = "RadixThemes" + (component.tag or type(component).__name__)
         # value = props.get("value")
         # if value is not None and component.alias == "RadixThemesSelect.Root":
         #     lv = LiteralVar.create(value)
@@ -268,6 +266,7 @@ class Theme(RadixThemesComponent):
                 _js_expr="{...theme.styles.global[':root'], ...theme.styles.global.body}"
             ),
         )
+        tag.remove_props("appearance")
         return tag
 
 
diff --git a/reflex/components/radix/themes/components/radio_group.py b/reflex/components/radix/themes/components/radio_group.py
index dc9c11f5a..80b3ee10c 100644
--- a/reflex/components/radix/themes/components/radio_group.py
+++ b/reflex/components/radix/themes/components/radio_group.py
@@ -140,10 +140,8 @@ class HighLevelRadioGroup(RadixThemesComponent):
         color_scheme = props.pop("color_scheme", None)
         default_value = props.pop("default_value", "")
 
-        if (
-            not isinstance(items, (list, Var))
-            or isinstance(items, Var)
-            and not types._issubclass(items._var_type, list)
+        if not isinstance(items, (list, Var)) or (
+            isinstance(items, Var) and not types._issubclass(items._var_type, list)
         ):
             items_type = type(items) if not isinstance(items, Var) else items._var_type
             raise TypeError(
diff --git a/reflex/components/radix/themes/components/text_area.py b/reflex/components/radix/themes/components/text_area.py
index 87f56e911..83fa8a593 100644
--- a/reflex/components/radix/themes/components/text_area.py
+++ b/reflex/components/radix/themes/components/text_area.py
@@ -41,6 +41,9 @@ class TextArea(RadixThemesComponent, elements.Textarea):
     # Automatically focuses the textarea when the page loads
     auto_focus: Var[bool]
 
+    # The default value of the textarea when initially rendered
+    default_value: Var[str]
+
     # Name part of the textarea to submit in 'dir' and 'name' pair when form is submitted
     dirname: Var[str]
 
diff --git a/reflex/components/radix/themes/components/text_area.pyi b/reflex/components/radix/themes/components/text_area.pyi
index 196346cf9..63d474842 100644
--- a/reflex/components/radix/themes/components/text_area.pyi
+++ b/reflex/components/radix/themes/components/text_area.pyi
@@ -123,6 +123,7 @@ class TextArea(RadixThemesComponent, elements.Textarea):
         ] = None,
         auto_complete: Optional[Union[Var[bool], bool]] = None,
         auto_focus: Optional[Union[Var[bool], bool]] = None,
+        default_value: Optional[Union[Var[str], str]] = None,
         dirname: Optional[Union[Var[str], str]] = None,
         disabled: Optional[Union[Var[bool], bool]] = None,
         form: Optional[Union[Var[Union[bool, int, str]], bool, int, str]] = None,
@@ -217,6 +218,7 @@ class TextArea(RadixThemesComponent, elements.Textarea):
             radius: The radius of the text area: "none" | "small" | "medium" | "large" | "full"
             auto_complete: Whether the form control should have autocomplete enabled
             auto_focus: Automatically focuses the textarea when the page loads
+            default_value: The default value of the textarea when initially rendered
             dirname: Name part of the textarea to submit in 'dir' and 'name' pair when form is submitted
             disabled: Disables the textarea
             form: Associates the textarea with a form (by id)
diff --git a/reflex/components/radix/themes/typography/link.py b/reflex/components/radix/themes/typography/link.py
index 1cc673536..25a0902cc 100644
--- a/reflex/components/radix/themes/typography/link.py
+++ b/reflex/components/radix/themes/typography/link.py
@@ -77,13 +77,14 @@ class Link(RadixThemesComponent, A, MemoizationLeaf, MarkdownComponentMap):
             Component: The link component
         """
         props.setdefault(":hover", {"color": color("accent", 8)})
+        href = props.get("href")
 
         is_external = props.pop("is_external", None)
 
         if is_external is not None:
             props["target"] = cond(is_external, "_blank", "")
 
-        if props.get("href") is not None:
+        if href is not None:
             if not len(children):
                 raise ValueError("Link without a child will not display")
 
@@ -101,6 +102,9 @@ class Link(RadixThemesComponent, A, MemoizationLeaf, MarkdownComponentMap):
                     as_child=True,
                     **props,
                 )
+        else:
+            props["href"] = "#"
+
         return super().create(*children, **props)
 
 
diff --git a/reflex/components/recharts/recharts.py b/reflex/components/recharts/recharts.py
index a0d683f72..b5a4ed113 100644
--- a/reflex/components/recharts/recharts.py
+++ b/reflex/components/recharts/recharts.py
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 from typing import Dict, Literal
 
 from reflex.components.component import Component, MemoizationLeaf, NoSSRComponent
-from reflex.utils import console
 
 
 class Recharts(Component):
@@ -11,19 +10,8 @@ class Recharts(Component):
 
     library = "recharts@2.13.0"
 
-    def render(self) -> Dict:
-        """Render the tag.
-
-        Returns:
-            The rendered tag.
-        """
-        tag = super().render()
-        if any(p.startswith("css") for p in tag["props"]):
-            console.warn(
-                f"CSS props do not work for {self.__class__.__name__}. Consult docs to style it with its own prop."
-            )
-        tag["props"] = [p for p in tag["props"] if not p.startswith("css")]
-        return tag
+    def _get_style(self) -> Dict:
+        return {"wrapperStyle": self.style}
 
 
 class RechartsCharts(NoSSRComponent, MemoizationLeaf):
diff --git a/reflex/components/recharts/recharts.pyi b/reflex/components/recharts/recharts.pyi
index 10e1b96c1..65e65bce1 100644
--- a/reflex/components/recharts/recharts.pyi
+++ b/reflex/components/recharts/recharts.pyi
@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ from reflex.style import Style
 from reflex.vars.base import Var
 
 class Recharts(Component):
-    def render(self) -> Dict: ...
     @overload
     @classmethod
     def create(  # type: ignore
diff --git a/reflex/components/sonner/toast.py b/reflex/components/sonner/toast.py
index 8f5362dba..14694e6ad 100644
--- a/reflex/components/sonner/toast.py
+++ b/reflex/components/sonner/toast.py
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ def _toast_callback_signature(toast: Var) -> list[Var]:
     """
     return [
         Var(
-            _js_expr=f"(() => {{let {{action, cancel, onDismiss, onAutoClose, ...rest}} = {str(toast)}; return rest}})()"
+            _js_expr=f"(() => {{let {{action, cancel, onDismiss, onAutoClose, ...rest}} = {toast!s}; return rest}})()"
         )
     ]
 
@@ -338,7 +338,7 @@ class Toaster(Component):
         dismiss_var_data = None
 
         if isinstance(id, Var):
-            dismiss = f"{toast_ref}.dismiss({str(id)})"
+            dismiss = f"{toast_ref}.dismiss({id!s})"
             dismiss_var_data = id._get_all_var_data()
         elif isinstance(id, str):
             dismiss = f"{toast_ref}.dismiss('{id}')"
diff --git a/reflex/config.py b/reflex/config.py
index 9694b06bb..ae2c0ea0e 100644
--- a/reflex/config.py
+++ b/reflex/config.py
@@ -512,6 +512,9 @@ class EnvironmentVariables:
     # Whether to print the SQL queries if the log level is INFO or lower.
     SQLALCHEMY_ECHO: EnvVar[bool] = env_var(False)
 
+    # Whether to check db connections before using them.
+    SQLALCHEMY_POOL_PRE_PING: EnvVar[bool] = env_var(True)
+
     # Whether to ignore the redis config error. Some redis servers only allow out-of-band configuration.
     REFLEX_IGNORE_REDIS_CONFIG_ERROR: EnvVar[bool] = env_var(False)
 
@@ -568,6 +571,10 @@ class EnvironmentVariables:
 environment = EnvironmentVariables()
 
 
+# These vars are not logged because they may contain sensitive information.
+_sensitive_env_vars = {"DB_URL", "ASYNC_DB_URL", "REDIS_URL"}
+
+
 class Config(Base):
     """The config defines runtime settings for the app.
 
@@ -621,6 +628,9 @@ class Config(Base):
     # The database url used by rx.Model.
     db_url: Optional[str] = "sqlite:///reflex.db"
 
+    # The async database url used by rx.Model.
+    async_db_url: Optional[str] = None
+
     # The redis url
     redis_url: Optional[str] = None
 
@@ -652,9 +662,9 @@ class Config(Base):
     frontend_packages: List[str] = []
 
     # The hosting service backend URL.
-    cp_backend_url: str = Hosting.CP_BACKEND_URL
+    cp_backend_url: str = Hosting.HOSTING_SERVICE
     # The hosting service frontend URL.
-    cp_web_url: str = Hosting.CP_WEB_URL
+    cp_web_url: str = Hosting.HOSTING_SERVICE_UI
 
     # The worker class used in production mode
     gunicorn_worker_class: str = "uvicorn.workers.UvicornH11Worker"
@@ -748,18 +758,20 @@ class Config(Base):
 
             # If the env var is set, override the config value.
             if env_var is not None:
-                if key.upper() != "DB_URL":
-                    console.info(
-                        f"Overriding config value {key} with env var {key.upper()}={env_var}",
-                        dedupe=True,
-                    )
-
                 # Interpret the value.
                 value = interpret_env_var_value(env_var, field.outer_type_, field.name)
 
                 # Set the value.
                 updated_values[key] = value
 
+                if key.upper() in _sensitive_env_vars:
+                    env_var = "***"
+
+                console.info(
+                    f"Overriding config value {key} with env var {key.upper()}={env_var}",
+                    dedupe=True,
+                )
+
         return updated_values
 
     def get_event_namespace(self) -> str:
diff --git a/reflex/custom_components/custom_components.py b/reflex/custom_components/custom_components.py
index 6be64ae2d..41808d60a 100644
--- a/reflex/custom_components/custom_components.py
+++ b/reflex/custom_components/custom_components.py
@@ -827,11 +827,11 @@ def _collect_details_for_gallery():
     Raises:
         Exit: If pyproject.toml file is ill-formed or the request to the backend services fails.
     """
-    from reflex.reflex import _login
+    from reflex_cli.utils import hosting
 
     console.rule("[bold]Authentication with Reflex Services")
     console.print("First let's log in to Reflex backend services.")
-    access_token = _login()
+    access_token, _ = hosting.authenticated_token()
 
     console.rule("[bold]Custom Component Information")
     params = {}
diff --git a/reflex/event.py b/reflex/event.py
index 624bc1728..9807b696b 100644
--- a/reflex/event.py
+++ b/reflex/event.py
@@ -447,7 +447,7 @@ class JavascriptHTMLInputElement:
 class JavascriptInputEvent:
     """Interface for a Javascript InputEvent https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/InputEvent."""
 
-    target: JavascriptHTMLInputElement = JavascriptHTMLInputElement()
+    target: JavascriptHTMLInputElement = JavascriptHTMLInputElement()  # noqa: RUF009
 
 
 @dataclasses.dataclass(
@@ -1556,7 +1556,7 @@ class LiteralEventVar(VarOperationCall, LiteralVar, EventVar):
         Returns:
             The hash of the var.
         """
-        return hash((self.__class__.__name__, self._js_expr))
+        return hash((type(self).__name__, self._js_expr))
 
     @classmethod
     def create(
@@ -1620,7 +1620,7 @@ class LiteralEventChainVar(ArgsFunctionOperationBuilder, LiteralVar, EventChainV
         Returns:
             The hash of the var.
         """
-        return hash((self.__class__.__name__, self._js_expr))
+        return hash((type(self).__name__, self._js_expr))
 
     @classmethod
     def create(
diff --git a/reflex/experimental/client_state.py b/reflex/experimental/client_state.py
index a1abce3ea..6e9f9958d 100644
--- a/reflex/experimental/client_state.py
+++ b/reflex/experimental/client_state.py
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ class ClientStateVar(Var):
             default_var = default
         setter_name = f"set{var_name.capitalize()}"
         hooks = {
-            f"const [{var_name}, {setter_name}] = useState({str(default_var)})": None,
+            f"const [{var_name}, {setter_name}] = useState({default_var!s})": None,
         }
         imports = {
             "react": [ImportVar(tag="useState")],
diff --git a/reflex/model.py b/reflex/model.py
index 4b070ec67..03b1cc828 100644
--- a/reflex/model.py
+++ b/reflex/model.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import re
 from collections import defaultdict
 from typing import Any, ClassVar, Optional, Type, Union
 
@@ -14,6 +15,7 @@ import alembic.script
 import alembic.util
 import sqlalchemy
 import sqlalchemy.exc
+import sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio
 import sqlalchemy.orm
 
 from reflex.base import Base
@@ -21,6 +23,48 @@ from reflex.config import environment, get_config
 from reflex.utils import console
 from reflex.utils.compat import sqlmodel, sqlmodel_field_has_primary_key
 
+_ENGINE: dict[str, sqlalchemy.engine.Engine] = {}
+_ASYNC_ENGINE: dict[str, sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio.AsyncEngine] = {}
+_AsyncSessionLocal: dict[str | None, sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio.async_sessionmaker] = {}
+
+# Import AsyncSession _after_ reflex.utils.compat
+from sqlmodel.ext.asyncio.session import AsyncSession  # noqa: E402
+
+
+def _safe_db_url_for_logging(url: str) -> str:
+    """Remove username and password from the database URL for logging.
+
+    Args:
+        url: The database URL.
+
+    Returns:
+        The database URL with the username and password removed.
+    """
+    return re.sub(r"://[^@]+@", "://<username>:<password>@", url)
+
+
+def get_engine_args(url: str | None = None) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Get the database engine arguments.
+
+    Args:
+        url: The database url.
+
+    Returns:
+        The database engine arguments as a dict.
+    """
+    kwargs: dict[str, Any] = dict(
+        # Print the SQL queries if the log level is INFO or lower.
+        echo=environment.SQLALCHEMY_ECHO.get(),
+        # Check connections before returning them.
+        pool_pre_ping=environment.SQLALCHEMY_POOL_PRE_PING.get(),
+    )
+    conf = get_config()
+    url = url or conf.db_url
+    if url is not None and url.startswith("sqlite"):
+        # Needed for the admin dash on sqlite.
+        kwargs["connect_args"] = {"check_same_thread": False}
+    return kwargs
+
 
 def get_engine(url: str | None = None) -> sqlalchemy.engine.Engine:
     """Get the database engine.
@@ -38,15 +82,62 @@ def get_engine(url: str | None = None) -> sqlalchemy.engine.Engine:
     url = url or conf.db_url
     if url is None:
         raise ValueError("No database url configured")
+
+    global _ENGINE
+    if url in _ENGINE:
+        return _ENGINE[url]
+
     if not environment.ALEMBIC_CONFIG.get().exists():
         console.warn(
             "Database is not initialized, run [bold]reflex db init[/bold] first."
         )
-    # Print the SQL queries if the log level is INFO or lower.
-    echo_db_query = environment.SQLALCHEMY_ECHO.get()
-    # Needed for the admin dash on sqlite.
-    connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False} if url.startswith("sqlite") else {}
-    return sqlmodel.create_engine(url, echo=echo_db_query, connect_args=connect_args)
+    _ENGINE[url] = sqlmodel.create_engine(
+        url,
+        **get_engine_args(url),
+    )
+    return _ENGINE[url]
+
+
+def get_async_engine(url: str | None) -> sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio.AsyncEngine:
+    """Get the async database engine.
+
+    Args:
+        url: The database url.
+
+    Returns:
+        The async database engine.
+
+    Raises:
+        ValueError: If the async database url is None.
+    """
+    if url is None:
+        conf = get_config()
+        url = conf.async_db_url
+        if url is not None and conf.db_url is not None:
+            async_db_url_tail = url.partition("://")[2]
+            db_url_tail = conf.db_url.partition("://")[2]
+            if async_db_url_tail != db_url_tail:
+                console.warn(
+                    f"async_db_url `{_safe_db_url_for_logging(url)}` "
+                    "should reference the same database as "
+                    f"db_url `{_safe_db_url_for_logging(conf.db_url)}`."
+                )
+    if url is None:
+        raise ValueError("No async database url configured")
+
+    global _ASYNC_ENGINE
+    if url in _ASYNC_ENGINE:
+        return _ASYNC_ENGINE[url]
+
+    if not environment.ALEMBIC_CONFIG.get().exists():
+        console.warn(
+            "Database is not initialized, run [bold]reflex db init[/bold] first."
+        )
+    _ASYNC_ENGINE[url] = sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio.create_async_engine(
+        url,
+        **get_engine_args(url),
+    )
+    return _ASYNC_ENGINE[url]
 
 
 async def get_db_status() -> bool:
@@ -425,6 +516,31 @@ def session(url: str | None = None) -> sqlmodel.Session:
     return sqlmodel.Session(get_engine(url))
 
 
+def asession(url: str | None = None) -> AsyncSession:
+    """Get an async sqlmodel session to interact with the database.
+
+    async with rx.asession() as asession:
+        ...
+
+    Most operations against the `asession` must be awaited.
+
+    Args:
+        url: The database url.
+
+    Returns:
+        An async database session.
+    """
+    global _AsyncSessionLocal
+    if url not in _AsyncSessionLocal:
+        _AsyncSessionLocal[url] = sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio.async_sessionmaker(
+            bind=get_async_engine(url),
+            class_=AsyncSession,
+            autocommit=False,
+            autoflush=False,
+        )
+    return _AsyncSessionLocal[url]()
+
+
 def sqla_session(url: str | None = None) -> sqlalchemy.orm.Session:
     """Get a bare sqlalchemy session to interact with the database.
 
diff --git a/reflex/reflex.py b/reflex/reflex.py
index 9781c393a..829c7c0d2 100644
--- a/reflex/reflex.py
+++ b/reflex/reflex.py
@@ -9,8 +9,6 @@ from typing import List, Optional
 
 import typer
 import typer.core
-from reflex_cli.deployments import deployments_cli
-from reflex_cli.utils import dependency
 from reflex_cli.v2.deployments import check_version, hosting_cli
 
 from reflex import constants
@@ -330,47 +328,16 @@ def export(
     )
 
 
-def _login() -> str:
-    """Helper function to authenticate with Reflex hosting service."""
-    from reflex_cli.utils import hosting
-
-    access_token, invitation_code = hosting.authenticated_token()
-    if access_token:
-        console.print("You already logged in.")
-        return access_token
-
-    # If not already logged in, open a browser window/tab to the login page.
-    access_token = hosting.authenticate_on_browser(invitation_code)
-
-    if not access_token:
-        console.error("Unable to authenticate. Please try again or contact support.")
-        raise typer.Exit(1)
-
-    console.print("Successfully logged in.")
-    return access_token
-
-
 @cli.command()
-def login(
-    loglevel: constants.LogLevel = typer.Option(
-        config.loglevel, help="The log level to use."
-    ),
-):
-    """Authenticate with Reflex hosting service."""
-    # Set the log level.
-    console.set_log_level(loglevel)
-
-    _login()
-
-
-@cli.command()
-def loginv2(loglevel: constants.LogLevel = typer.Option(config.loglevel)):
+def login(loglevel: constants.LogLevel = typer.Option(config.loglevel)):
     """Authenicate with experimental Reflex hosting service."""
     from reflex_cli.v2 import cli as hosting_cli
 
     check_version()
 
-    hosting_cli.login()
+    validated_info = hosting_cli.login()
+    if validated_info is not None:
+        telemetry.send("login", user_uuid=validated_info.get("user_id"))
 
 
 @cli.command()
@@ -380,31 +347,11 @@ def logout(
     ),
 ):
     """Log out of access to Reflex hosting service."""
-    from reflex_cli.utils import hosting
-
-    console.set_log_level(loglevel)
-
-    hosting.log_out_on_browser()
-    console.debug("Deleting access token from config locally")
-    hosting.delete_token_from_config(include_invitation_code=True)
-
-
-@cli.command()
-def logoutv2(
-    loglevel: constants.LogLevel = typer.Option(
-        config.loglevel, help="The log level to use."
-    ),
-):
-    """Log out of access to Reflex hosting service."""
-    from reflex_cli.v2.utils import hosting
+    from reflex_cli.v2.cli import logout
 
     check_version()
 
-    console.set_log_level(loglevel)
-
-    hosting.log_out_on_browser()
-    console.debug("Deleting access token from config locally")
-    hosting.delete_token_from_config(include_invitation_code=True)
+    logout(loglevel)  # type: ignore
 
 
 db_cli = typer.Typer()
@@ -489,12 +436,6 @@ def makemigrations(
 
 @cli.command()
 def deploy(
-    key: Optional[str] = typer.Option(
-        None,
-        "-k",
-        "--deployment-key",
-        help="The name of the deployment. Domain name safe characters only.",
-    ),
     app_name: str = typer.Option(
         config.app_name,
         "--app-name",
@@ -505,121 +446,7 @@ def deploy(
         list(),
         "-r",
         "--region",
-        help="The regions to deploy to.",
-    ),
-    envs: List[str] = typer.Option(
-        list(),
-        "--env",
-        help="The environment variables to set: <key>=<value>. For multiple envs, repeat this option, e.g. --env k1=v2 --env k2=v2.",
-    ),
-    cpus: Optional[int] = typer.Option(
-        None, help="The number of CPUs to allocate.", hidden=True
-    ),
-    memory_mb: Optional[int] = typer.Option(
-        None, help="The amount of memory to allocate.", hidden=True
-    ),
-    auto_start: Optional[bool] = typer.Option(
-        None,
-        help="Whether to auto start the instance.",
-        hidden=True,
-    ),
-    auto_stop: Optional[bool] = typer.Option(
-        None,
-        help="Whether to auto stop the instance.",
-        hidden=True,
-    ),
-    frontend_hostname: Optional[str] = typer.Option(
-        None,
-        "--frontend-hostname",
-        help="The hostname of the frontend.",
-        hidden=True,
-    ),
-    interactive: bool = typer.Option(
-        True,
-        help="Whether to list configuration options and ask for confirmation.",
-    ),
-    with_metrics: Optional[str] = typer.Option(
-        None,
-        help="Setting for metrics scraping for the deployment. Setup required in user code.",
-        hidden=True,
-    ),
-    with_tracing: Optional[str] = typer.Option(
-        None,
-        help="Setting to export tracing for the deployment. Setup required in user code.",
-        hidden=True,
-    ),
-    upload_db_file: bool = typer.Option(
-        False,
-        help="Whether to include local sqlite db files when uploading to hosting service.",
-        hidden=True,
-    ),
-    loglevel: constants.LogLevel = typer.Option(
-        config.loglevel, help="The log level to use."
-    ),
-):
-    """Deploy the app to the Reflex hosting service."""
-    from reflex_cli import cli as hosting_cli
-
-    from reflex.utils import export as export_utils
-    from reflex.utils import prerequisites
-
-    # Set the log level.
-    console.set_log_level(loglevel)
-
-    # Only check requirements if interactive. There is user interaction for requirements update.
-    if interactive:
-        dependency.check_requirements()
-
-    # Check if we are set up.
-    if prerequisites.needs_reinit(frontend=True):
-        _init(name=config.app_name, loglevel=loglevel)
-    prerequisites.check_latest_package_version(constants.ReflexHostingCLI.MODULE_NAME)
-
-    hosting_cli.deploy(
-        app_name=app_name,
-        export_fn=lambda zip_dest_dir,
-        api_url,
-        deploy_url,
-        frontend,
-        backend,
-        zipping: export_utils.export(
-            zip_dest_dir=zip_dest_dir,
-            api_url=api_url,
-            deploy_url=deploy_url,
-            frontend=frontend,
-            backend=backend,
-            zipping=zipping,
-            loglevel=loglevel.subprocess_level(),
-            upload_db_file=upload_db_file,
-        ),
-        key=key,
-        regions=regions,
-        envs=envs,
-        cpus=cpus,
-        memory_mb=memory_mb,
-        auto_start=auto_start,
-        auto_stop=auto_stop,
-        frontend_hostname=frontend_hostname,
-        interactive=interactive,
-        with_metrics=with_metrics,
-        with_tracing=with_tracing,
-        loglevel=loglevel.subprocess_level(),
-    )
-
-
-@cli.command()
-def deployv2(
-    app_name: str = typer.Option(
-        config.app_name,
-        "--app-name",
-        help="The name of the App to deploy under.",
-        hidden=True,
-    ),
-    regions: List[str] = typer.Option(
-        list(),
-        "-r",
-        "--region",
-        help="The regions to deploy to. `reflex apps regions` For multiple envs, repeat this option, e.g. --region sjc --region iad",
+        help="The regions to deploy to. `reflex cloud regions` For multiple envs, repeat this option, e.g. --region sjc --region iad",
     ),
     envs: List[str] = typer.Option(
         list(),
@@ -629,7 +456,7 @@ def deployv2(
     vmtype: Optional[str] = typer.Option(
         None,
         "--vmtype",
-        help="Vm type id. Run `reflex apps vmtypes` to get options.",
+        help="Vm type id. Run `reflex cloud vmtypes` to get options.",
     ),
     hostname: Optional[str] = typer.Option(
         None,
@@ -660,8 +487,8 @@ def deployv2(
     ),
 ):
     """Deploy the app to the Reflex hosting service."""
+    from reflex_cli.utils import dependency
     from reflex_cli.v2 import cli as hosting_cli
-    from reflex_cli.v2.utils import dependency
 
     from reflex.utils import export as export_utils
     from reflex.utils import prerequisites
@@ -671,6 +498,13 @@ def deployv2(
     # Set the log level.
     console.set_log_level(loglevel)
 
+    if not token:
+        # make sure user is logged in.
+        if interactive:
+            hosting_cli.login()
+        else:
+            raise SystemExit("Token is required for non-interactive mode.")
+
     # Only check requirements if interactive.
     # There is user interaction for requirements update.
     if interactive:
@@ -703,7 +537,7 @@ def deployv2(
         envfile=envfile,
         hostname=hostname,
         interactive=interactive,
-        loglevel=loglevel.subprocess_level(),
+        loglevel=type(loglevel).INFO,  # type: ignore
         token=token,
         project=project,
     )
@@ -711,15 +545,10 @@ def deployv2(
 
 cli.add_typer(db_cli, name="db", help="Subcommands for managing the database schema.")
 cli.add_typer(script_cli, name="script", help="Subcommands running helper scripts.")
-cli.add_typer(
-    deployments_cli,
-    name="deployments",
-    help="Subcommands for managing the Deployments.",
-)
 cli.add_typer(
     hosting_cli,
-    name="apps",
-    help="Subcommands for managing the Deployments.",
+    name="cloud",
+    help="Subcommands for managing the reflex cloud.",
 )
 cli.add_typer(
     custom_components_cli,
diff --git a/reflex/state.py b/reflex/state.py
index 127fe98cc..c73b1ac46 100644
--- a/reflex/state.py
+++ b/reflex/state.py
@@ -97,6 +97,7 @@ from reflex.utils.exceptions import (
     ReflexRuntimeError,
     SetUndefinedStateVarError,
     StateSchemaMismatchError,
+    StateSerializationError,
     StateTooLargeError,
 )
 from reflex.utils.exec import is_testing_env
@@ -104,6 +105,7 @@ from reflex.utils.serializers import serializer
 from reflex.utils.types import (
     _isinstance,
     get_origin,
+    is_optional,
     is_union,
     override,
     value_inside_optional,
@@ -278,6 +280,22 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from pydantic.v1.fields import ModelField
 
 
+def _unwrap_field_type(type_: Type) -> Type:
+    """Unwrap rx.Field type annotations.
+
+    Args:
+        type_: The type to unwrap.
+
+    Returns:
+        The unwrapped type.
+    """
+    from reflex.vars import Field
+
+    if get_origin(type_) is Field:
+        return get_args(type_)[0]
+    return type_
+
+
 def get_var_for_field(cls: Type[BaseState], f: ModelField):
     """Get a Var instance for a Pydantic field.
 
@@ -288,16 +306,12 @@ def get_var_for_field(cls: Type[BaseState], f: ModelField):
     Returns:
         The Var instance.
     """
-    from reflex.vars import Field
-
     field_name = format.format_state_name(cls.get_full_name()) + "." + f.name
 
     return dispatch(
         field_name=field_name,
         var_data=VarData.from_state(cls, f.name),
-        result_var_type=f.outer_type_
-        if get_origin(f.outer_type_) is not Field
-        else get_args(f.outer_type_)[0],
+        result_var_type=_unwrap_field_type(f.outer_type_),
     )
 
 
@@ -425,7 +439,7 @@ class BaseState(Base, ABC, extra=pydantic.Extra.allow):
         Returns:
             The string representation of the state.
         """
-        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({self.dict()})"
+        return f"{type(self).__name__}({self.dict()})"
 
     @classmethod
     def _get_computed_vars(cls) -> list[ComputedVar]:
@@ -436,7 +450,7 @@ class BaseState(Base, ABC, extra=pydantic.Extra.allow):
         """
         return [
             v
-            for mixin in cls._mixins() + [cls]
+            for mixin in [*cls._mixins(), cls]
             for name, v in mixin.__dict__.items()
             if is_computed_var(v) and name not in cls.inherited_vars
         ]
@@ -1288,6 +1302,9 @@ class BaseState(Base, ABC, extra=pydantic.Extra.allow):
             return
 
         if name in self.backend_vars:
+            # abort if unchanged
+            if self._backend_vars.get(name) == value:
+                return
             self._backend_vars.__setitem__(name, value)
             self.dirty_vars.add(name)
             self._mark_dirty()
@@ -1310,8 +1327,8 @@ class BaseState(Base, ABC, extra=pydantic.Extra.allow):
 
         if name in fields:
             field = fields[name]
-            field_type = field.outer_type_
-            if field.allow_none:
+            field_type = _unwrap_field_type(field.outer_type_)
+            if field.allow_none and not is_optional(field_type):
                 field_type = Union[field_type, None]
             if not _isinstance(value, field_type):
                 console.deprecate(
@@ -1959,6 +1976,9 @@ class BaseState(Base, ABC, extra=pydantic.Extra.allow):
                 if var in self.base_vars or var in self._backend_vars:
                     self._was_touched = True
                     break
+                if var == constants.ROUTER_DATA and self.parent_state is None:
+                    self._was_touched = True
+                    break
 
     def _get_was_touched(self) -> bool:
         """Check current dirty_vars and flag to determine if state instance was modified.
@@ -2174,8 +2194,12 @@ class BaseState(Base, ABC, extra=pydantic.Extra.allow):
 
         Returns:
             The serialized state.
+
+        Raises:
+            StateSerializationError: If the state cannot be serialized.
         """
         payload = b""
+        error = ""
         try:
             payload = pickle.dumps((self._to_schema(), self))
         except HANDLED_PICKLE_ERRORS as og_pickle_error:
@@ -2195,8 +2219,13 @@ class BaseState(Base, ABC, extra=pydantic.Extra.allow):
             except HANDLED_PICKLE_ERRORS as ex:
                 error += f"Dill was also unable to pickle the state: {ex}"
             console.warn(error)
+
         if environment.REFLEX_PERF_MODE.get() != PerformanceMode.OFF:
             self._check_state_size(len(payload))
+
+        if not payload:
+            raise StateSerializationError(error)
+
         return payload
 
     @classmethod
@@ -3593,6 +3622,14 @@ class MutableProxy(wrapt.ObjectProxy):
         self._self_state = state
         self._self_field_name = field_name
 
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        """Get the representation of the wrapped object.
+
+        Returns:
+            The representation of the wrapped object.
+        """
+        return f"{type(self).__name__}({self.__wrapped__})"
+
     def _mark_dirty(
         self,
         wrapped=None,
diff --git a/reflex/style.py b/reflex/style.py
index f0ee8c6a7..642d126ca 100644
--- a/reflex/style.py
+++ b/reflex/style.py
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ def set_color_mode(
         new_color_mode = LiteralVar.create(new_color_mode)
 
     return Var(
-        f"() => {str(base_setter)}({str(new_color_mode)})",
+        f"() => {base_setter!s}({new_color_mode!s})",
         _var_data=VarData.merge(
             base_setter._get_all_var_data(), new_color_mode._get_all_var_data()
         ),
diff --git a/reflex/testing.py b/reflex/testing.py
index 9ddb03504..319be7cba 100644
--- a/reflex/testing.py
+++ b/reflex/testing.py
@@ -879,7 +879,7 @@ class Subdir404TCPServer(socketserver.TCPServer):
 
         Args:
             request: the requesting socket
-            client_address: (host, port) referring to the client’s address.
+            client_address: (host, port) referring to the client's address.
         """
         self.RequestHandlerClass(
             request,
diff --git a/reflex/utils/exceptions.py b/reflex/utils/exceptions.py
index 714dc912c..a89c4d4aa 100644
--- a/reflex/utils/exceptions.py
+++ b/reflex/utils/exceptions.py
@@ -155,6 +155,10 @@ class StateTooLargeError(ReflexError):
     """Raised when the state is too large to be serialized."""
 
 
+class StateSerializationError(ReflexError):
+    """Raised when the state cannot be serialized."""
+
+
 class SystemPackageMissingError(ReflexError):
     """Raised when a system package is missing."""
 
diff --git a/reflex/utils/exec.py b/reflex/utils/exec.py
index 5291de095..3e69ecd0b 100644
--- a/reflex/utils/exec.py
+++ b/reflex/utils/exec.py
@@ -206,7 +206,9 @@ def get_granian_target():
 
     app_module_path = Path(reflex.__file__).parent / "app_module_for_backend.py"
 
-    return f"{str(app_module_path)}:{constants.CompileVars.APP}.{constants.CompileVars.API}"
+    return (
+        f"{app_module_path!s}:{constants.CompileVars.APP}.{constants.CompileVars.API}"
+    )
 
 
 def run_backend(
@@ -440,10 +442,8 @@ def output_system_info():
 
     system = platform.system()
 
-    if (
-        system != "Windows"
-        or system == "Windows"
-        and prerequisites.is_windows_bun_supported()
+    if system != "Windows" or (
+        system == "Windows" and prerequisites.is_windows_bun_supported()
     ):
         dependencies.extend(
             [
diff --git a/reflex/utils/format.py b/reflex/utils/format.py
index 1b3d1740f..6236a883e 100644
--- a/reflex/utils/format.py
+++ b/reflex/utils/format.py
@@ -329,12 +329,12 @@ def format_match(
         return_value = case[-1]
 
         case_conditions = " ".join(
-            [f"case JSON.stringify({str(condition)}):" for condition in conditions]
+            [f"case JSON.stringify({condition!s}):" for condition in conditions]
         )
-        case_code = f"{case_conditions}  return ({str(return_value)});  break;"
+        case_code = f"{case_conditions}  return ({return_value!s});  break;"
         switch_code += case_code
 
-    switch_code += f"default:  return ({str(default)});  break;"
+    switch_code += f"default:  return ({default!s});  break;"
     switch_code += "};})()"
 
     return switch_code
@@ -413,7 +413,7 @@ def format_props(*single_props, **key_value_props) -> list[str]:
         )
         for name, prop in sorted(key_value_props.items())
         if prop is not None
-    ] + [(f"{str(LiteralVar.create(prop))}") for prop in single_props]
+    ] + [(f"{LiteralVar.create(prop)!s}") for prop in single_props]
 
 
 def get_event_handler_parts(handler: EventHandler) -> tuple[str, str]:
@@ -713,7 +713,7 @@ def format_array_ref(refs: str, idx: Var | None) -> str:
     clean_ref = re.sub(r"[^\w]+", "_", refs)
     if idx is not None:
         # idx._var_is_local = True
-        return f"refs_{clean_ref}[{str(idx)}]"
+        return f"refs_{clean_ref}[{idx!s}]"
     return f"refs_{clean_ref}"
 
 
diff --git a/reflex/utils/prerequisites.py b/reflex/utils/prerequisites.py
index ec79b3297..a83843eeb 100644
--- a/reflex/utils/prerequisites.py
+++ b/reflex/utils/prerequisites.py
@@ -219,9 +219,8 @@ def get_install_package_manager(on_failure_return_none: bool = False) -> str | N
     Returns:
         The path to the package manager.
     """
-    if (
-        constants.IS_WINDOWS
-        and not is_windows_bun_supported()
+    if constants.IS_WINDOWS and (
+        not is_windows_bun_supported()
         or windows_check_onedrive_in_path()
         or windows_npm_escape_hatch()
     ):
@@ -496,7 +495,7 @@ def initialize_requirements_txt():
     try:
         other_requirements_exist = False
         with open(fp, "r", encoding=encoding) as f:
-            for req in f.readlines():
+            for req in f:
                 # Check if we have a package name that is reflex
                 if re.match(r"^reflex[^a-zA-Z0-9]", req):
                     console.debug(f"{fp} already has reflex as dependency.")
@@ -834,7 +833,7 @@ def install_bun():
     """Install bun onto the user's system."""
     win_supported = is_windows_bun_supported()
     one_drive_in_path = windows_check_onedrive_in_path()
-    if constants.IS_WINDOWS and not win_supported or one_drive_in_path:
+    if constants.IS_WINDOWS and (not win_supported or one_drive_in_path):
         if not win_supported:
             console.warn(
                 "Bun for Windows is currently only available for x86 64-bit Windows. Installation will fall back on npm."
@@ -926,7 +925,7 @@ def cached_procedure(cache_file: str, payload_fn: Callable[..., str]):
 
 @cached_procedure(
     cache_file=str(get_web_dir() / "reflex.install_frontend_packages.cached"),
-    payload_fn=lambda p, c: f"{repr(sorted(list(p)))},{c.json()}",
+    payload_fn=lambda p, c: f"{sorted(list(p))!r},{c.json()}",
 )
 def install_frontend_packages(packages: set[str], config: Config):
     """Installs the base and custom frontend packages.
@@ -946,9 +945,12 @@ def install_frontend_packages(packages: set[str], config: Config):
         get_package_manager(on_failure_return_none=True)
         if (
             not constants.IS_WINDOWS
-            or constants.IS_WINDOWS
-            and is_windows_bun_supported()
-            and not windows_check_onedrive_in_path()
+            or (
+                constants.IS_WINDOWS
+                and (
+                    is_windows_bun_supported() and not windows_check_onedrive_in_path()
+                )
+            )
         )
         else None
     )
@@ -1408,13 +1410,22 @@ def validate_and_create_app_using_remote_template(app_name, template, templates)
     """
     # If user selects a template, it needs to exist.
     if template in templates:
+        from reflex_cli.v2.utils import hosting
+
+        authenticated_token = hosting.authenticated_token()
+        if not authenticated_token or not authenticated_token[0]:
+            console.print(
+                f"Please use `reflex login` to access the '{template}' template."
+            )
+            raise typer.Exit(3)
+
         template_url = templates[template].code_url
     else:
         # Check if the template is a github repo.
         if template.startswith("https://github.com"):
             template_url = f"{template.strip('/').replace('.git', '')}/archive/main.zip"
         else:
-            console.error(f"Template `{template}` not found.")
+            console.error(f"Template `{template}` not found or invalid.")
             raise typer.Exit(1)
 
     if template_url is None:
@@ -1451,7 +1462,7 @@ def generate_template_using_ai(template: str | None = None) -> str:
 
 
 def fetch_remote_templates(
-    template: Optional[str] = None,
+    template: str,
 ) -> tuple[str, dict[str, Template]]:
     """Fetch the available remote templates.
 
@@ -1460,9 +1471,6 @@ def fetch_remote_templates(
 
     Returns:
         The selected template and the available templates.
-
-    Raises:
-        Exit: If the template is not valid or if the template is not specified.
     """
     available_templates = {}
 
@@ -1474,19 +1482,7 @@ def fetch_remote_templates(
         console.debug(f"Error while fetching templates: {e}")
         template = constants.Templates.DEFAULT
 
-    if template == constants.Templates.DEFAULT:
-        return template, available_templates
-
-    if template in available_templates:
-        return template, available_templates
-
-    else:
-        if template is not None:
-            console.error(f"{template!r} is not a valid template name.")
-        console.print(
-            f"Go to the templates page ({constants.Templates.REFLEX_TEMPLATES_URL}) and copy the command to init with a template."
-        )
-        raise typer.Exit(0)
+    return template, available_templates
 
 
 def initialize_app(
@@ -1501,6 +1497,9 @@ def initialize_app(
 
     Returns:
         The name of the template.
+
+    Raises:
+        Exit: If the template is not valid or unspecified.
     """
     # Local imports to avoid circular imports.
     from reflex.utils import telemetry
@@ -1528,7 +1527,10 @@ def initialize_app(
             # change to the default to allow creation of default app
             template = constants.Templates.DEFAULT
         elif template == constants.Templates.CHOOSE_TEMPLATES:
-            template, templates = fetch_remote_templates()
+            console.print(
+                f"Go to the templates page ({constants.Templates.REFLEX_TEMPLATES_URL}) and copy the command to init with a template."
+            )
+            raise typer.Exit(0)
 
     # If the blank template is selected, create a blank app.
     if template in (constants.Templates.DEFAULT,):
diff --git a/reflex/utils/processes.py b/reflex/utils/processes.py
index a45676c01..4d0e64a96 100644
--- a/reflex/utils/processes.py
+++ b/reflex/utils/processes.py
@@ -364,7 +364,7 @@ def get_command_with_loglevel(command: list[str]) -> list[str]:
     npm_path = str(Path(npm_path).resolve()) if npm_path else npm_path
 
     if command[0] == npm_path:
-        return command + ["--loglevel", "silly"]
+        return [*command, "--loglevel", "silly"]
     return command
 
 
diff --git a/reflex/utils/pyi_generator.py b/reflex/utils/pyi_generator.py
index fb0a8f8c5..5e73e4dce 100644
--- a/reflex/utils/pyi_generator.py
+++ b/reflex/utils/pyi_generator.py
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ from reflex.vars.base import Var
 
 logger = logging.getLogger("pyi_generator")
 
-PWD = Path(".").resolve()
+PWD = Path.cwd()
 
 EXCLUDED_FILES = [
     "app.py",
@@ -835,7 +835,7 @@ class StubGenerator(ast.NodeTransformer):
             self.inserted_imports = True
             default_imports = _generate_imports(self.typing_imports)
             self.import_statements.extend(ast.unparse(i) for i in default_imports)
-            return default_imports + [node]
+            return [*default_imports, node]
         return node
 
     def visit_ImportFrom(
diff --git a/reflex/utils/telemetry.py b/reflex/utils/telemetry.py
index 815d37a1b..b24b4d3bf 100644
--- a/reflex/utils/telemetry.py
+++ b/reflex/utils/telemetry.py
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ def _prepare_event(event: str, **kwargs) -> dict:
 
     cpuinfo = get_cpu_info()
 
-    additional_keys = ["template", "context", "detail"]
+    additional_keys = ["template", "context", "detail", "user_uuid"]
     additional_fields = {
         key: value for key in additional_keys if (value := kwargs.get(key)) is not None
     }
diff --git a/reflex/utils/types.py b/reflex/utils/types.py
index 0c39eacc4..7138dafb1 100644
--- a/reflex/utils/types.py
+++ b/reflex/utils/types.py
@@ -783,7 +783,7 @@ def validate_literal(key: str, value: Any, expected_type: Type, comp_name: str):
             )
             value_str = f"'{value}'" if isinstance(value, str) else value
             raise ValueError(
-                f"prop value for {str(key)} of the `{comp_name}` component should be one of the following: {allowed_value_str}. Got {value_str} instead"
+                f"prop value for {key!s} of the `{comp_name}` component should be one of the following: {allowed_value_str}. Got {value_str} instead"
             )
 
 
diff --git a/reflex/vars/base.py b/reflex/vars/base.py
index 200f693de..941a9d81a 100644
--- a/reflex/vars/base.py
+++ b/reflex/vars/base.py
@@ -1057,7 +1057,7 @@ class Var(Generic[VAR_TYPE]):
 
         if self._var_type is Any:
             raise TypeError(
-                f"You must provide an annotation for the state var `{str(self)}`. Annotation cannot be `{self._var_type}`."
+                f"You must provide an annotation for the state var `{self!s}`. Annotation cannot be `{self._var_type}`."
             )
 
         if name in REPLACED_NAMES:
@@ -1569,7 +1569,7 @@ class CachedVarOperation:
         if name == "_js_expr":
             return self._cached_var_name
 
-        parent_classes = inspect.getmro(self.__class__)
+        parent_classes = inspect.getmro(type(self))
 
         next_class = parent_classes[parent_classes.index(CachedVarOperation) + 1]
 
@@ -1611,7 +1611,7 @@ class CachedVarOperation:
         """
         return hash(
             (
-                self.__class__.__name__,
+                type(self).__name__,
                 *[
                     getattr(self, field.name)
                     for field in dataclasses.fields(self)  # type: ignore
@@ -1733,7 +1733,7 @@ class CallableVar(Var):
         Returns:
             The hash of the object.
         """
-        return hash((self.__class__.__name__, self.original_var))
+        return hash((type(self).__name__, self.original_var))
 
 
 RETURN_TYPE = TypeVar("RETURN_TYPE")
@@ -2117,7 +2117,7 @@ class ComputedVar(Var[RETURN_TYPE]):
                     ref_obj = None
                 if instruction.argval in invalid_names:
                     raise VarValueError(
-                        f"Cached var {str(self)} cannot access arbitrary state via `{instruction.argval}`."
+                        f"Cached var {self!s} cannot access arbitrary state via `{instruction.argval}`."
                     )
                 if callable(ref_obj):
                     # recurse into callable attributes
@@ -2492,7 +2492,7 @@ class StateOperation(CachedVarOperation, Var):
         Returns:
             The cached var name.
         """
-        return f"{str(self._state_name)}.{str(self._field)}"
+        return f"{self._state_name!s}.{self._field!s}"
 
     def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> Any:
         """Get an attribute of the var.
@@ -2804,9 +2804,9 @@ def dispatch(
 
     if result_origin_var_type in dispatchers:
         fn = dispatchers[result_origin_var_type]
-        fn_first_arg_type = list(inspect.signature(fn).parameters.values())[
-            0
-        ].annotation
+        fn_first_arg_type = next(
+            iter(inspect.signature(fn).parameters.values())
+        ).annotation
 
         fn_return = inspect.signature(fn).return_annotation
 
diff --git a/reflex/vars/function.py b/reflex/vars/function.py
index c65b38f70..9879fdb5d 100644
--- a/reflex/vars/function.py
+++ b/reflex/vars/function.py
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ class VarOperationCall(Generic[P, R], CachedVarOperation, Var[R]):
         Returns:
             The name of the var.
         """
-        return f"({str(self._func)}({', '.join([str(LiteralVar.create(arg)) for arg in self._args])}))"
+        return f"({self._func!s}({', '.join([str(LiteralVar.create(arg)) for arg in self._args])}))"
 
     @cached_property_no_lock
     def _cached_get_all_var_data(self) -> VarData | None:
diff --git a/reflex/vars/number.py b/reflex/vars/number.py
index a762796e2..d14f9695b 100644
--- a/reflex/vars/number.py
+++ b/reflex/vars/number.py
@@ -1012,7 +1012,7 @@ class LiteralNumberVar(LiteralVar, NumberVar):
         Returns:
             int: The hash value of the object.
         """
-        return hash((self.__class__.__name__, self._var_value))
+        return hash((type(self).__name__, self._var_value))
 
     @classmethod
     def create(cls, value: float | int, _var_data: VarData | None = None):
@@ -1064,7 +1064,7 @@ class LiteralBooleanVar(LiteralVar, BooleanVar):
         Returns:
             int: The hash value of the object.
         """
-        return hash((self.__class__.__name__, self._var_value))
+        return hash((type(self).__name__, self._var_value))
 
     @classmethod
     def create(cls, value: bool, _var_data: VarData | None = None):
diff --git a/reflex/vars/object.py b/reflex/vars/object.py
index e60ea09e3..5de431f5a 100644
--- a/reflex/vars/object.py
+++ b/reflex/vars/object.py
@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ class ObjectVar(Var[OBJECT_TYPE], python_types=dict):
             attribute_type = get_attribute_access_type(var_type, name)
             if attribute_type is None:
                 raise VarAttributeError(
-                    f"The State var `{str(self)}` has no attribute '{name}' or may have been annotated "
+                    f"The State var `{self!s}` has no attribute '{name}' or may have been annotated "
                     f"wrongly."
                 )
             return ObjectItemOperation.create(self, name, attribute_type).guess_type()
@@ -332,7 +332,7 @@ class LiteralObjectVar(CachedVarOperation, ObjectVar[OBJECT_TYPE], LiteralVar):
             "({ "
             + ", ".join(
                 [
-                    f"[{str(LiteralVar.create(key))}] : {str(LiteralVar.create(value))}"
+                    f"[{LiteralVar.create(key)!s}] : {LiteralVar.create(value)!s}"
                     for key, value in self._var_value.items()
                 ]
             )
@@ -362,7 +362,7 @@ class LiteralObjectVar(CachedVarOperation, ObjectVar[OBJECT_TYPE], LiteralVar):
         Returns:
             The hash of the var.
         """
-        return hash((self.__class__.__name__, self._js_expr))
+        return hash((type(self).__name__, self._js_expr))
 
     @cached_property_no_lock
     def _cached_get_all_var_data(self) -> VarData | None:
@@ -494,8 +494,8 @@ class ObjectItemOperation(CachedVarOperation, Var):
             The name of the operation.
         """
         if types.is_optional(self._object._var_type):
-            return f"{str(self._object)}?.[{str(self._key)}]"
-        return f"{str(self._object)}[{str(self._key)}]"
+            return f"{self._object!s}?.[{self._key!s}]"
+        return f"{self._object!s}[{self._key!s}]"
 
     @classmethod
     def create(
diff --git a/reflex/vars/sequence.py b/reflex/vars/sequence.py
index 08429883f..a02645309 100644
--- a/reflex/vars/sequence.py
+++ b/reflex/vars/sequence.py
@@ -667,7 +667,7 @@ class LiteralStringVar(LiteralVar, StringVar[str]):
         Returns:
             The hash of the var.
         """
-        return hash((self.__class__.__name__, self._var_value))
+        return hash((type(self).__name__, self._var_value))
 
     def json(self) -> str:
         """Get the JSON representation of the var.
@@ -1349,7 +1349,7 @@ class ArraySliceOperation(CachedVarOperation, ArrayVar):
             LiteralVar.create(end) if end is not None else Var(_js_expr="undefined")
         )
         if step is None:
-            return f"{str(self._array)}.slice({str(normalized_start)}, {str(normalized_end)})"
+            return f"{self._array!s}.slice({normalized_start!s}, {normalized_end!s})"
         if not isinstance(step, Var):
             if step < 0:
                 actual_start = end + 1 if end is not None else 0
@@ -1357,12 +1357,12 @@ class ArraySliceOperation(CachedVarOperation, ArrayVar):
                 return str(self._array[actual_start:actual_end].reverse()[::-step])
             if step == 0:
                 raise ValueError("slice step cannot be zero")
-            return f"{str(self._array)}.slice({str(normalized_start)}, {str(normalized_end)}).filter((_, i) => i % {str(step)} === 0)"
+            return f"{self._array!s}.slice({normalized_start!s}, {normalized_end!s}).filter((_, i) => i % {step!s} === 0)"
 
         actual_start_reverse = end + 1 if end is not None else 0
         actual_end_reverse = start + 1 if start is not None else self._array.length()
 
-        return f"{str(self.step)} > 0 ? {str(self._array)}.slice({str(normalized_start)}, {str(normalized_end)}).filter((_, i) => i % {str(step)} === 0) : {str(self._array)}.slice({str(actual_start_reverse)}, {str(actual_end_reverse)}).reverse().filter((_, i) => i % {str(-step)} === 0)"
+        return f"{self.step!s} > 0 ? {self._array!s}.slice({normalized_start!s}, {normalized_end!s}).filter((_, i) => i % {step!s} === 0) : {self._array!s}.slice({actual_start_reverse!s}, {actual_end_reverse!s}).reverse().filter((_, i) => i % {-step!s} === 0)"
 
     @classmethod
     def create(
@@ -1535,7 +1535,7 @@ def array_item_operation(array: ArrayVar, index: NumberVar | int):
         element_type = unionize(*args)
 
     return var_operation_return(
-        js_expression=f"{str(array)}.at({str(index)})",
+        js_expression=f"{array!s}.at({index!s})",
         var_type=element_type,
     )
 
@@ -1555,7 +1555,7 @@ def array_range_operation(
         The range of numbers.
     """
     return var_operation_return(
-        js_expression=f"Array.from({{ length: ({str(stop)} - {str(start)}) / {str(step)} }}, (_, i) => {str(start)} + i * {str(step)})",
+        js_expression=f"Array.from({{ length: ({stop!s} - {start!s}) / {step!s} }}, (_, i) => {start!s} + i * {step!s})",
         var_type=List[int],
     )
 
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_call_script.py b/tests/integration/test_call_script.py
index 71200221b..8c4bab8ce 100644
--- a/tests/integration/test_call_script.py
+++ b/tests/integration/test_call_script.py
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ def CallScript():
         @rx.event
         def call_with_var_str_cast(self):
             return rx.call_script(
-                f"{str(rx.Var('inline_counter'))} + {str(rx.Var('external_counter'))}",
+                f"{rx.Var('inline_counter')!s} + {rx.Var('external_counter')!s}",
                 callback=CallScriptState.set_last_result,  # type: ignore
             )
 
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ def CallScript():
         def call_with_var_str_cast_wrapped(self):
             return rx.call_script(
                 rx.Var(
-                    f"{str(rx.Var('inline_counter'))} + {str(rx.Var('external_counter'))}"
+                    f"{rx.Var('inline_counter')!s} + {rx.Var('external_counter')!s}"
                 ),
                 callback=CallScriptState.set_last_result,  # type: ignore
             )
@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ def CallScript():
             rx.button(
                 "call_with_var_str_cast_inline",
                 on_click=rx.call_script(
-                    f"{str(rx.Var('inline_counter'))} + {str(rx.Var('external_counter'))}",
+                    f"{rx.Var('inline_counter')!s} + {rx.Var('external_counter')!s}",
                     callback=CallScriptState.set_last_result,  # type: ignore
                 ),
                 id="call_with_var_str_cast_inline",
@@ -334,7 +334,7 @@ def CallScript():
                 "call_with_var_str_cast_wrapped_inline",
                 on_click=rx.call_script(
                     rx.Var(
-                        f"{str(rx.Var('inline_counter'))} + {str(rx.Var('external_counter'))}"
+                        f"{rx.Var('inline_counter')!s} + {rx.Var('external_counter')!s}"
                     ),
                     callback=CallScriptState.set_last_result,  # type: ignore
                 ),
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_client_storage.py b/tests/integration/test_client_storage.py
index e8c95ab71..236d3e14e 100644
--- a/tests/integration/test_client_storage.py
+++ b/tests/integration/test_client_storage.py
@@ -10,6 +10,13 @@ from selenium.webdriver import Firefox
 from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
 from selenium.webdriver.remote.webdriver import WebDriver
 
+from reflex.state import (
+    State,
+    StateManagerDisk,
+    StateManagerMemory,
+    StateManagerRedis,
+    _substate_key,
+)
 from reflex.testing import AppHarness
 
 from . import utils
@@ -74,7 +81,7 @@ def ClientSide():
         return rx.fragment(
             rx.input(
                 value=ClientSideState.router.session.client_token,
-                is_read_only=True,
+                read_only=True,
                 id="token",
             ),
             rx.input(
@@ -604,6 +611,110 @@ async def test_client_side_state(
     assert s2.text == "s2 value"
     assert s3.text == "s3 value"
 
+    # Simulate state expiration
+    if isinstance(client_side.state_manager, StateManagerRedis):
+        await client_side.state_manager.redis.delete(
+            _substate_key(token, State.get_full_name())
+        )
+        await client_side.state_manager.redis.delete(_substate_key(token, state_name))
+        await client_side.state_manager.redis.delete(
+            _substate_key(token, sub_state_name)
+        )
+        await client_side.state_manager.redis.delete(
+            _substate_key(token, sub_sub_state_name)
+        )
+    elif isinstance(client_side.state_manager, (StateManagerMemory, StateManagerDisk)):
+        del client_side.state_manager.states[token]
+    if isinstance(client_side.state_manager, StateManagerDisk):
+        client_side.state_manager.token_expiration = 0
+        client_side.state_manager._purge_expired_states()
+
+    # Ensure the state is gone (not hydrated)
+    async def poll_for_not_hydrated():
+        state = await client_side.get_state(_substate_key(token or "", state_name))
+        return not state.is_hydrated
+
+    assert await AppHarness._poll_for_async(poll_for_not_hydrated)
+
+    # Trigger event to get a new instance of the state since the old was expired.
+    state_var_input = driver.find_element(By.ID, "state_var")
+    state_var_input.send_keys("re-triggering")
+
+    # get new references to all cookie and local storage elements (again)
+    c1 = driver.find_element(By.ID, "c1")
+    c2 = driver.find_element(By.ID, "c2")
+    c3 = driver.find_element(By.ID, "c3")
+    c4 = driver.find_element(By.ID, "c4")
+    c5 = driver.find_element(By.ID, "c5")
+    c6 = driver.find_element(By.ID, "c6")
+    c7 = driver.find_element(By.ID, "c7")
+    l1 = driver.find_element(By.ID, "l1")
+    l2 = driver.find_element(By.ID, "l2")
+    l3 = driver.find_element(By.ID, "l3")
+    l4 = driver.find_element(By.ID, "l4")
+    s1 = driver.find_element(By.ID, "s1")
+    s2 = driver.find_element(By.ID, "s2")
+    s3 = driver.find_element(By.ID, "s3")
+    c1s = driver.find_element(By.ID, "c1s")
+    l1s = driver.find_element(By.ID, "l1s")
+    s1s = driver.find_element(By.ID, "s1s")
+
+    assert c1.text == "c1 value"
+    assert c2.text == "c2 value"
+    assert c3.text == ""  # temporary cookie expired after reset state!
+    assert c4.text == "c4 value"
+    assert c5.text == "c5 value"
+    assert c6.text == "c6 value"
+    assert c7.text == "c7 value"
+    assert l1.text == "l1 value"
+    assert l2.text == "l2 value"
+    assert l3.text == "l3 value"
+    assert l4.text == "l4 value"
+    assert s1.text == "s1 value"
+    assert s2.text == "s2 value"
+    assert s3.text == "s3 value"
+    assert c1s.text == "c1s value"
+    assert l1s.text == "l1s value"
+    assert s1s.text == "s1s value"
+
+    # Get the backend state and ensure the values are still set
+    async def get_sub_state():
+        root_state = await client_side.get_state(
+            _substate_key(token or "", sub_state_name)
+        )
+        state = root_state.substates[client_side.get_state_name("_client_side_state")]
+        sub_state = state.substates[
+            client_side.get_state_name("_client_side_sub_state")
+        ]
+        return sub_state
+
+    async def poll_for_c1_set():
+        sub_state = await get_sub_state()
+        return sub_state.c1 == "c1 value"
+
+    assert await AppHarness._poll_for_async(poll_for_c1_set)
+    sub_state = await get_sub_state()
+    assert sub_state.c1 == "c1 value"
+    assert sub_state.c2 == "c2 value"
+    assert sub_state.c3 == ""
+    assert sub_state.c4 == "c4 value"
+    assert sub_state.c5 == "c5 value"
+    assert sub_state.c6 == "c6 value"
+    assert sub_state.c7 == "c7 value"
+    assert sub_state.l1 == "l1 value"
+    assert sub_state.l2 == "l2 value"
+    assert sub_state.l3 == "l3 value"
+    assert sub_state.l4 == "l4 value"
+    assert sub_state.s1 == "s1 value"
+    assert sub_state.s2 == "s2 value"
+    assert sub_state.s3 == "s3 value"
+    sub_sub_state = sub_state.substates[
+        client_side.get_state_name("_client_side_sub_sub_state")
+    ]
+    assert sub_sub_state.c1s == "c1s value"
+    assert sub_sub_state.l1s == "l1s value"
+    assert sub_sub_state.s1s == "s1s value"
+
     # clear the cookie jar and local storage, ensure state reset to default
     driver.delete_all_cookies()
     local_storage.clear()
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_dynamic_routes.py b/tests/integration/test_dynamic_routes.py
index eed066696..8a3cde3a2 100644
--- a/tests/integration/test_dynamic_routes.py
+++ b/tests/integration/test_dynamic_routes.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import time
 from typing import Callable, Coroutine, Generator, Type
 from urllib.parse import urlsplit
 
@@ -89,6 +90,11 @@ def DynamicRoute():
     @rx.page(route="/arg/[arg_str]")
     def arg() -> rx.Component:
         return rx.vstack(
+            rx.input(
+                value=DynamicState.router.session.client_token,
+                read_only=True,
+                id="token",
+            ),
             rx.data_list.root(
                 rx.data_list.item(
                     rx.data_list.label("rx.State.arg_str (dynamic)"),
@@ -172,6 +178,8 @@ def driver(dynamic_route: AppHarness) -> Generator[WebDriver, None, None]:
     """
     assert dynamic_route.app_instance is not None, "app is not running"
     driver = dynamic_route.frontend()
+    # TODO: drop after flakiness is resolved
+    driver.implicitly_wait(30)
     try:
         yield driver
     finally:
@@ -373,17 +381,22 @@ async def test_on_load_navigate_non_dynamic(
 async def test_render_dynamic_arg(
     dynamic_route: AppHarness,
     driver: WebDriver,
+    token: str,
 ):
     """Assert that dynamic arg var is rendered correctly in different contexts.
 
     Args:
         dynamic_route: harness for DynamicRoute app.
         driver: WebDriver instance.
+        token: The token visible in the driver browser.
     """
     assert dynamic_route.app_instance is not None
     with poll_for_navigation(driver):
         driver.get(f"{dynamic_route.frontend_url}/arg/0")
 
+    # TODO: drop after flakiness is resolved
+    time.sleep(3)
+
     def assert_content(expected: str, expect_not: str):
         ids = [
             "state-arg_str",
@@ -398,7 +411,8 @@ async def test_render_dynamic_arg(
             el = driver.find_element(By.ID, id)
             assert el
             assert (
-                dynamic_route.poll_for_content(el, exp_not_equal=expect_not) == expected
+                dynamic_route.poll_for_content(el, timeout=30, exp_not_equal=expect_not)
+                == expected
             )
 
     assert_content("0", "")
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_state_inheritance.py b/tests/integration/test_state_inheritance.py
index 81512a67a..6b93a2ed7 100644
--- a/tests/integration/test_state_inheritance.py
+++ b/tests/integration/test_state_inheritance.py
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ def StateInheritance():
         def on_click_other_mixin(self):
             self.other_mixin_clicks += 1
             self.other_mixin = (
-                f"{self.__class__.__name__}.clicked.{self.other_mixin_clicks}"
+                f"{type(self).__name__}.clicked.{self.other_mixin_clicks}"
             )
 
     class Base1(Mixin, rx.State):
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_upload.py b/tests/integration/test_upload.py
index fe8ebb4d7..b7f14b03d 100644
--- a/tests/integration/test_upload.py
+++ b/tests/integration/test_upload.py
@@ -19,10 +19,14 @@ def UploadFile():
 
     import reflex as rx
 
+    LARGE_DATA = "DUMMY" * 1024 * 512
+
     class UploadState(rx.State):
         _file_data: Dict[str, str] = {}
         event_order: List[str] = []
         progress_dicts: List[dict] = []
+        disabled: bool = False
+        large_data: str = ""
 
         async def handle_upload(self, files: List[rx.UploadFile]):
             for file in files:
@@ -33,6 +37,7 @@ def UploadFile():
             for file in files:
                 upload_data = await file.read()
                 self._file_data[file.filename or ""] = upload_data.decode("utf-8")
+                self.large_data = LARGE_DATA
                 yield UploadState.chain_event
 
         def upload_progress(self, progress):
@@ -41,13 +46,15 @@ def UploadFile():
             self.progress_dicts.append(progress)
 
         def chain_event(self):
+            assert self.large_data == LARGE_DATA
+            self.large_data = ""
             self.event_order.append("chain_event")
 
     def index():
         return rx.vstack(
             rx.input(
                 value=UploadState.router.session.client_token,
-                is_read_only=True,
+                read_only=True,
                 id="token",
             ),
             rx.heading("Default Upload"),
@@ -56,6 +63,7 @@ def UploadFile():
                     rx.button("Select File"),
                     rx.text("Drag and drop files here or click to select files"),
                 ),
+                disabled=UploadState.disabled,
             ),
             rx.button(
                 "Upload",
diff --git a/tests/integration/tests_playwright/test_appearance.py b/tests/integration/tests_playwright/test_appearance.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..60aeeaa6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/tests_playwright/test_appearance.py
@@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
+from typing import Generator
+
+import pytest
+from playwright.sync_api import Page, expect
+
+from reflex.testing import AppHarness
+
+
+def DefaultLightModeApp():
+    import reflex as rx
+    from reflex.style import color_mode
+
+    app = rx.App(theme=rx.theme(appearance="light"))
+
+    @app.add_page
+    def index():
+        return rx.text(color_mode)
+
+
+def DefaultDarkModeApp():
+    import reflex as rx
+    from reflex.style import color_mode
+
+    app = rx.App(theme=rx.theme(appearance="dark"))
+
+    @app.add_page
+    def index():
+        return rx.text(color_mode)
+
+
+def DefaultSystemModeApp():
+    import reflex as rx
+    from reflex.style import color_mode
+
+    app = rx.App()
+
+    @app.add_page
+    def index():
+        return rx.text(color_mode)
+
+
+def ColorToggleApp():
+    import reflex as rx
+    from reflex.style import color_mode, resolved_color_mode, set_color_mode
+
+    app = rx.App(theme=rx.theme(appearance="light"))
+
+    @app.add_page
+    def index():
+        return rx.box(
+            rx.segmented_control.root(
+                rx.segmented_control.item(
+                    rx.icon(tag="monitor", size=20),
+                    value="system",
+                ),
+                rx.segmented_control.item(
+                    rx.icon(tag="sun", size=20),
+                    value="light",
+                ),
+                rx.segmented_control.item(
+                    rx.icon(tag="moon", size=20),
+                    value="dark",
+                ),
+                on_change=set_color_mode,
+                variant="classic",
+                radius="large",
+                value=color_mode,
+            ),
+            rx.text(color_mode, id="current_color_mode"),
+            rx.text(resolved_color_mode, id="resolved_color_mode"),
+            rx.text(rx.color_mode_cond("LightMode", "DarkMode"), id="color_mode_cond"),
+        )
+
+
+@pytest.fixture()
+def light_mode_app(tmp_path_factory) -> Generator[AppHarness, None, None]:
+    """Start DefaultLightMode app at tmp_path via AppHarness.
+
+    Args:
+        tmp_path_factory: pytest tmp_path_factory fixture
+
+    Yields:
+        running AppHarness instance
+
+    """
+    with AppHarness.create(
+        root=tmp_path_factory.mktemp("appearance_app"),
+        app_source=DefaultLightModeApp,  # type: ignore
+    ) as harness:
+        assert harness.app_instance is not None, "app is not running"
+        yield harness
+
+
+@pytest.fixture()
+def dark_mode_app(tmp_path_factory) -> Generator[AppHarness, None, None]:
+    """Start DefaultDarkMode app at tmp_path via AppHarness.
+
+    Args:
+        tmp_path_factory: pytest tmp_path_factory fixture
+
+    Yields:
+        running AppHarness instance
+
+    """
+    with AppHarness.create(
+        root=tmp_path_factory.mktemp("appearance_app"),
+        app_source=DefaultDarkModeApp,  # type: ignore
+    ) as harness:
+        assert harness.app_instance is not None, "app is not running"
+        yield harness
+
+
+@pytest.fixture()
+def system_mode_app(tmp_path_factory) -> Generator[AppHarness, None, None]:
+    """Start DefaultSystemMode app at tmp_path via AppHarness.
+
+    Args:
+        tmp_path_factory: pytest tmp_path_factory fixture
+
+    Yields:
+        running AppHarness instance
+
+    """
+    with AppHarness.create(
+        root=tmp_path_factory.mktemp("appearance_app"),
+        app_source=DefaultSystemModeApp,  # type: ignore
+    ) as harness:
+        assert harness.app_instance is not None, "app is not running"
+        yield harness
+
+
+@pytest.fixture()
+def color_toggle_app(tmp_path_factory) -> Generator[AppHarness, None, None]:
+    """Start ColorToggle app at tmp_path via AppHarness.
+
+    Args:
+        tmp_path_factory: pytest tmp_path_factory fixture
+
+    Yields:
+        running AppHarness instance
+
+    """
+    with AppHarness.create(
+        root=tmp_path_factory.mktemp("appearance_app"),
+        app_source=ColorToggleApp,  # type: ignore
+    ) as harness:
+        assert harness.app_instance is not None, "app is not running"
+        yield harness
+
+
+def test_appearance_light_mode(light_mode_app: AppHarness, page: Page):
+    assert light_mode_app.frontend_url is not None
+    page.goto(light_mode_app.frontend_url)
+
+    expect(page.get_by_text("light")).to_be_visible()
+
+
+def test_appearance_dark_mode(dark_mode_app: AppHarness, page: Page):
+    assert dark_mode_app.frontend_url is not None
+    page.goto(dark_mode_app.frontend_url)
+
+    expect(page.get_by_text("dark")).to_be_visible()
+
+
+def test_appearance_system_mode(system_mode_app: AppHarness, page: Page):
+    assert system_mode_app.frontend_url is not None
+    page.goto(system_mode_app.frontend_url)
+
+    expect(page.get_by_text("system")).to_be_visible()
+
+
+def test_appearance_color_toggle(color_toggle_app: AppHarness, page: Page):
+    assert color_toggle_app.frontend_url is not None
+    page.goto(color_toggle_app.frontend_url)
+
+    # Radio buttons locators.
+    radio_system = page.get_by_role("radio").nth(0)
+    radio_light = page.get_by_role("radio").nth(1)
+    radio_dark = page.get_by_role("radio").nth(2)
+
+    # Text locators to check.
+    current_color_mode = page.locator("id=current_color_mode")
+    resolved_color_mode = page.locator("id=resolved_color_mode")
+    color_mode_cond = page.locator("id=color_mode_cond")
+    root_body = page.locator('div[data-is-root-theme="true"]')
+
+    # Background colors.
+    dark_background = "rgb(17, 17, 19)"  # value based on dark native appearance, can change depending on the browser
+    light_background = "rgb(255, 255, 255)"
+
+    # check initial state
+    expect(current_color_mode).to_have_text("light")
+    expect(resolved_color_mode).to_have_text("light")
+    expect(color_mode_cond).to_have_text("LightMode")
+    expect(root_body).to_have_css("background-color", light_background)
+
+    # click dark mode
+    radio_dark.click()
+    expect(current_color_mode).to_have_text("dark")
+    expect(resolved_color_mode).to_have_text("dark")
+    expect(color_mode_cond).to_have_text("DarkMode")
+    expect(root_body).to_have_css("background-color", dark_background)
+
+    # click light mode
+    radio_light.click()
+    expect(current_color_mode).to_have_text("light")
+    expect(resolved_color_mode).to_have_text("light")
+    expect(color_mode_cond).to_have_text("LightMode")
+    expect(root_body).to_have_css("background-color", light_background)
+    page.reload()
+    expect(root_body).to_have_css("background-color", light_background)
+
+    # click system mode
+    radio_system.click()
+    expect(current_color_mode).to_have_text("system")
+    expect(resolved_color_mode).to_have_text("light")
+    expect(color_mode_cond).to_have_text("LightMode")
+    expect(root_body).to_have_css("background-color", light_background)
diff --git a/tests/integration/tests_playwright/test_table.py b/tests/integration/tests_playwright/test_table.py
index 0a39b197e..db716aa5b 100644
--- a/tests/integration/tests_playwright/test_table.py
+++ b/tests/integration/tests_playwright/test_table.py
@@ -97,4 +97,5 @@ def test_table(page: Page, table_app: AppHarness):
     # Check cells
     rows = table.get_by_role("cell").all_inner_texts()
     for i, expected_row in enumerate(expected_cells_data):
-        assert [rows[idx := i * 2], rows[idx + 1]] == expected_row
+        idx = i * 2
+        assert [rows[idx], rows[idx + 1]] == expected_row
diff --git a/tests/units/components/core/test_colors.py b/tests/units/components/core/test_colors.py
index 74fbeb20f..c1295fb41 100644
--- a/tests/units/components/core/test_colors.py
+++ b/tests/units/components/core/test_colors.py
@@ -32,38 +32,38 @@ def create_color_var(color):
         (create_color_var(rx.color("mint", 3, True)), '"var(--mint-a3)"', Color),
         (
             create_color_var(rx.color(ColorState.color, ColorState.shade)),  # type: ignore
-            f'("var(--"+{str(color_state_name)}.color+"-"+(((__to_string) => __to_string.toString())({str(color_state_name)}.shade))+")")',
+            f'("var(--"+{color_state_name!s}.color+"-"+(((__to_string) => __to_string.toString())({color_state_name!s}.shade))+")")',
             Color,
         ),
         (
             create_color_var(
                 rx.color(ColorState.color, ColorState.shade, ColorState.alpha)  # type: ignore
             ),
-            f'("var(--"+{str(color_state_name)}.color+"-"+({str(color_state_name)}.alpha ? "a" : "")+(((__to_string) => __to_string.toString())({str(color_state_name)}.shade))+")")',
+            f'("var(--"+{color_state_name!s}.color+"-"+({color_state_name!s}.alpha ? "a" : "")+(((__to_string) => __to_string.toString())({color_state_name!s}.shade))+")")',
             Color,
         ),
         (
             create_color_var(rx.color(f"{ColorState.color}", f"{ColorState.shade}")),  # type: ignore
-            f'("var(--"+{str(color_state_name)}.color+"-"+{str(color_state_name)}.shade+")")',
+            f'("var(--"+{color_state_name!s}.color+"-"+{color_state_name!s}.shade+")")',
             Color,
         ),
         (
             create_color_var(
                 rx.color(f"{ColorState.color_part}ato", f"{ColorState.shade}")  # type: ignore
             ),
-            f'("var(--"+({str(color_state_name)}.color_part+"ato")+"-"+{str(color_state_name)}.shade+")")',
+            f'("var(--"+({color_state_name!s}.color_part+"ato")+"-"+{color_state_name!s}.shade+")")',
             Color,
         ),
         (
             create_color_var(f'{rx.color(ColorState.color, f"{ColorState.shade}")}'),  # type: ignore
-            f'("var(--"+{str(color_state_name)}.color+"-"+{str(color_state_name)}.shade+")")',
+            f'("var(--"+{color_state_name!s}.color+"-"+{color_state_name!s}.shade+")")',
             str,
         ),
         (
             create_color_var(
                 f'{rx.color(f"{ColorState.color}", f"{ColorState.shade}")}'  # type: ignore
             ),
-            f'("var(--"+{str(color_state_name)}.color+"-"+{str(color_state_name)}.shade+")")',
+            f'("var(--"+{color_state_name!s}.color+"-"+{color_state_name!s}.shade+")")',
             str,
         ),
     ],
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ def test_color(color, expected, expected_type: Union[Type[str], Type[Color]]):
         ),
         (
             rx.cond(True, rx.color(ColorState.color), rx.color(ColorState.color, 5)),  # type: ignore
-            f'(true ? ("var(--"+{str(color_state_name)}.color+"-7)") : ("var(--"+{str(color_state_name)}.color+"-5)"))',
+            f'(true ? ("var(--"+{color_state_name!s}.color+"-7)") : ("var(--"+{color_state_name!s}.color+"-5)"))',
         ),
         (
             rx.match(
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ def test_color(color, expected, expected_type: Union[Type[str], Type[Color]]):
             ),
             '(() => { switch (JSON.stringify("condition")) {case JSON.stringify("first"):  return ("var(--mint-7)");'
             '  break;case JSON.stringify("second"):  return ("var(--tomato-5)");  break;default:  '
-            f'return (("var(--"+{str(color_state_name)}.color+"-2)"));  break;}};}})()',
+            f'return (("var(--"+{color_state_name!s}.color+"-2)"));  break;}};}})()',
         ),
         (
             rx.match(
@@ -103,9 +103,9 @@ def test_color(color, expected, expected_type: Union[Type[str], Type[Color]]):
                 rx.color(ColorState.color, 2),  # type: ignore
             ),
             '(() => { switch (JSON.stringify("condition")) {case JSON.stringify("first"):  '
-            f'return (("var(--"+{str(color_state_name)}.color+"-7)"));  break;case JSON.stringify("second"):  '
-            f'return (("var(--"+{str(color_state_name)}.color+"-5)"));  break;default:  '
-            f'return (("var(--"+{str(color_state_name)}.color+"-2)"));  break;}};}})()',
+            f'return (("var(--"+{color_state_name!s}.color+"-7)"));  break;case JSON.stringify("second"):  '
+            f'return (("var(--"+{color_state_name!s}.color+"-5)"));  break;default:  '
+            f'return (("var(--"+{color_state_name!s}.color+"-2)"));  break;}};}})()',
         ),
     ],
 )
diff --git a/tests/units/components/core/test_cond.py b/tests/units/components/core/test_cond.py
index f9bdc7d60..8ad51158e 100644
--- a/tests/units/components/core/test_cond.py
+++ b/tests/units/components/core/test_cond.py
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ def test_prop_cond(c1: Any, c2: Any):
         c1 = json.dumps(c1)
     if not isinstance(c2, Var):
         c2 = json.dumps(c2)
-    assert str(prop_cond) == f"(true ? {str(c1)} : {str(c2)})"
+    assert str(prop_cond) == f"(true ? {c1!s} : {c2!s})"
 
 
 def test_cond_no_mix():
diff --git a/tests/units/components/core/test_debounce.py b/tests/units/components/core/test_debounce.py
index 2fad9c925..29d3bcddc 100644
--- a/tests/units/components/core/test_debounce.py
+++ b/tests/units/components/core/test_debounce.py
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ def test_render_with_special_props():
         )
     )._render()
     assert len(tag.special_props) == 1
-    assert list(tag.special_props)[0].equals(special_prop)
+    assert next(iter(tag.special_props)).equals(special_prop)
 
 
 def test_event_triggers():
diff --git a/tests/units/components/core/test_html.py b/tests/units/components/core/test_html.py
index 4847e1d5a..79c258dfb 100644
--- a/tests/units/components/core/test_html.py
+++ b/tests/units/components/core/test_html.py
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@ def test_html_fstring_create():
 
     assert (
         str(html.dangerouslySetInnerHTML)  # type: ignore
-        == f'({{ ["__html"] : ("<p>Hello "+{str(TestState.myvar)}+"!</p>") }})'
+        == f'({{ ["__html"] : ("<p>Hello "+{TestState.myvar!s}+"!</p>") }})'
     )
     assert (
         str(html)
-        == f'<div className={{"rx-Html"}} dangerouslySetInnerHTML={{{str(html.dangerouslySetInnerHTML)}}}/>'  # type: ignore
+        == f'<div className={{"rx-Html"}} dangerouslySetInnerHTML={{{html.dangerouslySetInnerHTML!s}}}/>'  # type: ignore
     )
diff --git a/tests/units/components/test_component.py b/tests/units/components/test_component.py
index a2485d10e..e2b035a8f 100644
--- a/tests/units/components/test_component.py
+++ b/tests/units/components/test_component.py
@@ -810,7 +810,8 @@ def test_component_create_unpack_tuple_child(test_component, element, expected):
     comp = test_component.create(element)
 
     assert len(comp.children) == 1
-    assert isinstance((fragment_wrapper := comp.children[0]), Fragment)
+    fragment_wrapper = comp.children[0]
+    assert isinstance(fragment_wrapper, Fragment)
     assert fragment_wrapper.render() == expected
 
 
diff --git a/tests/units/conftest.py b/tests/units/conftest.py
index 2f619a941..fb6229aca 100644
--- a/tests/units/conftest.py
+++ b/tests/units/conftest.py
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ class chdir(contextlib.AbstractContextManager):
 
     def __enter__(self):
         """Save current directory and perform chdir."""
-        self._old_cwd.append(Path(".").resolve())
+        self._old_cwd.append(Path.cwd())
         os.chdir(self.path)
 
     def __exit__(self, *excinfo):
diff --git a/tests/units/test_app.py b/tests/units/test_app.py
index 5d3aee6c7..7c7455cba 100644
--- a/tests/units/test_app.py
+++ b/tests/units/test_app.py
@@ -1007,8 +1007,9 @@ async def test_dynamic_route_var_route_change_completed_on_load(
     substate_token = _substate_key(token, DynamicState)
     sid = "mock_sid"
     client_ip = "127.0.0.1"
-    state = await app.state_manager.get_state(substate_token)
-    assert state.dynamic == ""
+    async with app.state_manager.modify_state(substate_token) as state:
+        state.router_data = {"simulate": "hydrated"}
+        assert state.dynamic == ""
     exp_vals = ["foo", "foobar", "baz"]
 
     def _event(name, val, **kwargs):
@@ -1180,6 +1181,7 @@ async def test_process_events(mocker, token: str):
         "ip": "127.0.0.1",
     }
     app = App(state=GenState)
+
     mocker.patch.object(app, "_postprocess", AsyncMock())
     event = Event(
         token=token,
@@ -1187,6 +1189,8 @@ async def test_process_events(mocker, token: str):
         payload={"c": 5},
         router_data=router_data,
     )
+    async with app.state_manager.modify_state(event.substate_token) as state:
+        state.router_data = {"simulate": "hydrated"}
 
     async for _update in process(app, event, "mock_sid", {}, "127.0.0.1"):
         pass
@@ -1475,17 +1479,20 @@ def test_add_page_component_returning_tuple():
     app._compile_page("index")
     app._compile_page("page2")
 
-    assert isinstance((fragment_wrapper := app.pages["index"].children[0]), Fragment)
-    assert isinstance((first_text := fragment_wrapper.children[0]), Text)
+    fragment_wrapper = app.pages["index"].children[0]
+    assert isinstance(fragment_wrapper, Fragment)
+    first_text = fragment_wrapper.children[0]
+    assert isinstance(first_text, Text)
     assert str(first_text.children[0].contents) == '"first"'  # type: ignore
-    assert isinstance((second_text := fragment_wrapper.children[1]), Text)
+    second_text = fragment_wrapper.children[1]
+    assert isinstance(second_text, Text)
     assert str(second_text.children[0].contents) == '"second"'  # type: ignore
 
     # Test page with trailing comma.
-    assert isinstance(
-        (page2_fragment_wrapper := app.pages["page2"].children[0]), Fragment
-    )
-    assert isinstance((third_text := page2_fragment_wrapper.children[0]), Text)
+    page2_fragment_wrapper = app.pages["page2"].children[0]
+    assert isinstance(page2_fragment_wrapper, Fragment)
+    third_text = page2_fragment_wrapper.children[0]
+    assert isinstance(third_text, Text)
     assert str(third_text.children[0].contents) == '"third"'  # type: ignore
 
 
diff --git a/tests/units/test_event.py b/tests/units/test_event.py
index 4399ab2a0..4f7adfeb3 100644
--- a/tests/units/test_event.py
+++ b/tests/units/test_event.py
@@ -319,7 +319,7 @@ def test_remove_cookie_with_options():
     assert spec.args[1][1].equals(LiteralVar.create(options))
     assert (
         format.format_event(spec)
-        == f'Event("_remove_cookie", {{key:"testkey",options:{str(LiteralVar.create(options))}}})'
+        == f'Event("_remove_cookie", {{key:"testkey",options:{LiteralVar.create(options)!s}}})'
     )
 
 
diff --git a/tests/units/test_model.py b/tests/units/test_model.py
index ac8187e03..0a83f39ec 100644
--- a/tests/units/test_model.py
+++ b/tests/units/test_model.py
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ def test_default_primary_key(model_default_primary: Model):
     Args:
         model_default_primary: Fixture.
     """
-    assert "id" in model_default_primary.__class__.__fields__
+    assert "id" in type(model_default_primary).__fields__
 
 
 def test_custom_primary_key(model_custom_primary: Model):
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ def test_custom_primary_key(model_custom_primary: Model):
     Args:
         model_custom_primary: Fixture.
     """
-    assert "id" not in model_custom_primary.__class__.__fields__
+    assert "id" not in type(model_custom_primary).__fields__
 
 
 @pytest.mark.filterwarnings(
diff --git a/tests/units/test_state.py b/tests/units/test_state.py
index 45c021bd8..790df1b7d 100644
--- a/tests/units/test_state.py
+++ b/tests/units/test_state.py
@@ -55,7 +55,11 @@ from reflex.state import (
 )
 from reflex.testing import chdir
 from reflex.utils import format, prerequisites, types
-from reflex.utils.exceptions import ReflexRuntimeError, SetUndefinedStateVarError
+from reflex.utils.exceptions import (
+    ReflexRuntimeError,
+    SetUndefinedStateVarError,
+    StateSerializationError,
+)
 from reflex.utils.format import json_dumps
 from reflex.vars.base import Var, computed_var
 from tests.units.states.mutation import MutableSQLAModel, MutableTestState
@@ -1698,7 +1702,7 @@ async def test_state_manager_modify_state(
         assert not state_manager._states_locks[token].locked()
 
         # separate instances should NOT share locks
-        sm2 = state_manager.__class__(state=TestState)
+        sm2 = type(state_manager)(state=TestState)
         assert sm2._state_manager_lock is state_manager._state_manager_lock
         assert not sm2._states_locks
         if state_manager._states_locks:
@@ -1982,6 +1986,10 @@ class BackgroundTaskState(BaseState):
     order: List[str] = []
     dict_list: Dict[str, List[int]] = {"foo": [1, 2, 3]}
 
+    def __init__(self, **kwargs):  # noqa: D107
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+        self.router_data = {"simulate": "hydrate"}
+
     @rx.var
     def computed_order(self) -> List[str]:
         """Get the order as a computed var.
@@ -2548,7 +2556,7 @@ def test_duplicate_substate_class(mocker):
         class TestState(BaseState):
             pass
 
-        class ChildTestState(TestState):  # type: ignore # noqa
+        class ChildTestState(TestState):  # type: ignore
             pass
 
         class ChildTestState(TestState):  # type: ignore # noqa
@@ -2665,23 +2673,23 @@ def test_state_union_optional():
         c3r: Custom3 = Custom3(c2r=Custom2(c1r=Custom1(foo="")))
         custom_union: Union[Custom1, Custom2, Custom3] = Custom1(foo="")
 
-    assert str(UnionState.c3.c2) == f'{str(UnionState.c3)}?.["c2"]'  # type: ignore
-    assert str(UnionState.c3.c2.c1) == f'{str(UnionState.c3)}?.["c2"]?.["c1"]'  # type: ignore
+    assert str(UnionState.c3.c2) == f'{UnionState.c3!s}?.["c2"]'  # type: ignore
+    assert str(UnionState.c3.c2.c1) == f'{UnionState.c3!s}?.["c2"]?.["c1"]'  # type: ignore
     assert (
-        str(UnionState.c3.c2.c1.foo) == f'{str(UnionState.c3)}?.["c2"]?.["c1"]?.["foo"]'  # type: ignore
+        str(UnionState.c3.c2.c1.foo) == f'{UnionState.c3!s}?.["c2"]?.["c1"]?.["foo"]'  # type: ignore
     )
     assert (
-        str(UnionState.c3.c2.c1r.foo) == f'{str(UnionState.c3)}?.["c2"]?.["c1r"]["foo"]'  # type: ignore
+        str(UnionState.c3.c2.c1r.foo) == f'{UnionState.c3!s}?.["c2"]?.["c1r"]["foo"]'  # type: ignore
     )
-    assert str(UnionState.c3.c2r.c1) == f'{str(UnionState.c3)}?.["c2r"]["c1"]'  # type: ignore
+    assert str(UnionState.c3.c2r.c1) == f'{UnionState.c3!s}?.["c2r"]["c1"]'  # type: ignore
     assert (
-        str(UnionState.c3.c2r.c1.foo) == f'{str(UnionState.c3)}?.["c2r"]["c1"]?.["foo"]'  # type: ignore
+        str(UnionState.c3.c2r.c1.foo) == f'{UnionState.c3!s}?.["c2r"]["c1"]?.["foo"]'  # type: ignore
     )
     assert (
-        str(UnionState.c3.c2r.c1r.foo) == f'{str(UnionState.c3)}?.["c2r"]["c1r"]["foo"]'  # type: ignore
+        str(UnionState.c3.c2r.c1r.foo) == f'{UnionState.c3!s}?.["c2r"]["c1r"]["foo"]'  # type: ignore
     )
-    assert str(UnionState.c3i.c2) == f'{str(UnionState.c3i)}["c2"]'  # type: ignore
-    assert str(UnionState.c3r.c2) == f'{str(UnionState.c3r)}["c2"]'  # type: ignore
+    assert str(UnionState.c3i.c2) == f'{UnionState.c3i!s}["c2"]'  # type: ignore
+    assert str(UnionState.c3r.c2) == f'{UnionState.c3r!s}["c2"]'  # type: ignore
     assert UnionState.custom_union.foo is not None  # type: ignore
     assert UnionState.custom_union.c1 is not None  # type: ignore
     assert UnionState.custom_union.c1r is not None  # type: ignore
@@ -2732,7 +2740,7 @@ def test_set_base_field_via_setter():
     assert "c2" in bfss.dirty_vars
 
 
-def exp_is_hydrated(state: State, is_hydrated: bool = True) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+def exp_is_hydrated(state: BaseState, is_hydrated: bool = True) -> Dict[str, Any]:
     """Expected IS_HYDRATED delta that would be emitted by HydrateMiddleware.
 
     Args:
@@ -2811,7 +2819,8 @@ async def test_preprocess(app_module_mock, token, test_state, expected, mocker):
     app = app_module_mock.app = App(
         state=State, load_events={"index": [test_state.test_handler]}
     )
-    state = State()
+    async with app.state_manager.modify_state(_substate_key(token, State)) as state:
+        state.router_data = {"simulate": "hydrate"}
 
     updates = []
     async for update in rx.app.process(
@@ -2858,7 +2867,8 @@ async def test_preprocess_multiple_load_events(app_module_mock, token, mocker):
         state=State,
         load_events={"index": [OnLoadState.test_handler, OnLoadState.test_handler]},
     )
-    state = State()
+    async with app.state_manager.modify_state(_substate_key(token, State)) as state:
+        state.router_data = {"simulate": "hydrate"}
 
     updates = []
     async for update in rx.app.process(
@@ -3427,8 +3437,9 @@ def test_fallback_pickle():
     # Some object, like generator, are still unpicklable with dill.
     state3 = DillState(_reflex_internal_init=True)  # type: ignore
     state3._g = (i for i in range(10))
-    pk3 = state3._serialize()
-    assert len(pk3) == 0
+
+    with pytest.raises(StateSerializationError):
+        _ = state3._serialize()
 
 
 def test_typed_state() -> None:
diff --git a/tests/units/test_var.py b/tests/units/test_var.py
index 4940246e7..3176443a6 100644
--- a/tests/units/test_var.py
+++ b/tests/units/test_var.py
@@ -1770,7 +1770,7 @@ def test_valid_var_operations(operand1_var: Var, operand2_var, operators: List[s
 )
 def test_invalid_var_operations(operand1_var: Var, operand2_var, operators: List[str]):
     for operator in operators:
-        print(f"testing {operator} on {str(operand1_var)} and {str(operand2_var)}")
+        print(f"testing {operator} on {operand1_var!s} and {operand2_var!s}")
         with pytest.raises(TypeError):
             print(eval(f"operand1_var {operator} operand2_var"))
             # operand1_var.operation(op=operator, other=operand2_var)
diff --git a/tests/units/utils/test_types.py b/tests/units/utils/test_types.py
index 623aacc1f..87790e979 100644
--- a/tests/units/utils/test_types.py
+++ b/tests/units/utils/test_types.py
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ def test_validate_literal_error_msg(params, allowed_value_str, value_str):
         types.validate_literal(*params)
 
     assert (
-        err.value.args[0] == f"prop value for {str(params[0])} of the `{params[-1]}` "
+        err.value.args[0] == f"prop value for {params[0]!s} of the `{params[-1]}` "
         f"component should be one of the following: {allowed_value_str}. Got {value_str} instead"
     )
 
diff --git a/tests/units/utils/test_utils.py b/tests/units/utils/test_utils.py
index dd1a3b3ef..20bad4146 100644
--- a/tests/units/utils/test_utils.py
+++ b/tests/units/utils/test_utils.py
@@ -298,7 +298,7 @@ def tmp_working_dir(tmp_path):
     Yields:
         subdirectory of tmp_path which is now the current working directory.
     """
-    old_pwd = Path(".").resolve()
+    old_pwd = Path.cwd()
     working_dir = tmp_path / "working_dir"
     working_dir.mkdir()
     os.chdir(working_dir)