diff --git a/reflex/reflex.py b/reflex/reflex.py
index 3fedc2ef5..46a4c9e8e 100644
--- a/reflex/reflex.py
+++ b/reflex/reflex.py
@@ -150,8 +150,8 @@ def _run(
     env: constants.Env = constants.Env.DEV,
     frontend: bool = True,
     backend: bool = True,
-    frontend_port: str = str(config.frontend_port),
-    backend_port: str = str(config.backend_port),
+    frontend_port: int = config.frontend_port,
+    backend_port: int = config.backend_port,
     backend_host: str = config.backend_host,
     loglevel: constants.LogLevel = config.loglevel,
 ):
@@ -185,18 +185,22 @@ def _run(
     # Find the next available open port if applicable.
     if frontend:
         frontend_port = processes.handle_port(
-            "frontend", frontend_port, str(constants.DefaultPorts.FRONTEND_PORT)
+            "frontend",
+            frontend_port,
+            constants.DefaultPorts.FRONTEND_PORT,
         )
 
     if backend:
         backend_port = processes.handle_port(
-            "backend", backend_port, str(constants.DefaultPorts.BACKEND_PORT)
+            "backend",
+            backend_port,
+            constants.DefaultPorts.BACKEND_PORT,
         )
 
     # Apply the new ports to the config.
-    if frontend_port != str(config.frontend_port):
+    if frontend_port != config.frontend_port:
         config._set_persistent(frontend_port=frontend_port)
-    if backend_port != str(config.backend_port):
+    if backend_port != config.backend_port:
         config._set_persistent(backend_port=backend_port)
 
     # Reload the config to make sure the env vars are persistent.
@@ -287,10 +291,10 @@ def run(
         help="Execute only backend.",
         envvar=environment.REFLEX_BACKEND_ONLY.name,
     ),
-    frontend_port: str = typer.Option(
+    frontend_port: int = typer.Option(
         config.frontend_port, help="Specify a different frontend port."
     ),
-    backend_port: str = typer.Option(
+    backend_port: int = typer.Option(
         config.backend_port, help="Specify a different backend port."
     ),
     backend_host: str = typer.Option(
diff --git a/reflex/utils/build.py b/reflex/utils/build.py
index 14709d99c..d4f78e130 100644
--- a/reflex/utils/build.py
+++ b/reflex/utils/build.py
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ def set_env_json():
     )
 
 
-def generate_sitemap_config(deploy_url: str, export=False):
+def generate_sitemap_config(deploy_url: str, export: bool = False):
     """Generate the sitemap config file.
 
     Args:
diff --git a/reflex/utils/compat.py b/reflex/utils/compat.py
index e63492a6b..17429c8a0 100644
--- a/reflex/utils/compat.py
+++ b/reflex/utils/compat.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 import contextlib
 import sys
+from typing import Any
 
 
 async def windows_hot_reload_lifespan_hack():
@@ -74,7 +75,7 @@ with pydantic_v1_patch():
     import sqlmodel as sqlmodel
 
 
-def sqlmodel_field_has_primary_key(field) -> bool:
+def sqlmodel_field_has_primary_key(field: Any) -> bool:
     """Determines if a field is a priamary.
 
     Args:
diff --git a/reflex/utils/exec.py b/reflex/utils/exec.py
index 5291de095..320a716bc 100644
--- a/reflex/utils/exec.py
+++ b/reflex/utils/exec.py
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ def notify_backend():
 # run_process_and_launch_url is assumed to be used
 # only to launch the frontend
 # If this is not the case, might have to change the logic
-def run_process_and_launch_url(run_command: list[str], backend_present=True):
+def run_process_and_launch_url(run_command: list[str], backend_present: bool = True):
     """Run the process and launch the URL.
 
     Args:
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ def run_process_and_launch_url(run_command: list[str], backend_present=True):
             break  # while True
 
 
-def run_frontend(root: Path, port: str, backend_present=True):
+def run_frontend(root: Path, port: str, backend_present: bool = True):
     """Run the frontend.
 
     Args:
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ def run_frontend(root: Path, port: str, backend_present=True):
     )
 
 
-def run_frontend_prod(root: Path, port: str, backend_present=True):
+def run_frontend_prod(root: Path, port: str, backend_present: bool = True):
     """Run the frontend.
 
     Args:
@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ def run_backend(
         run_uvicorn_backend(host, port, loglevel)
 
 
-def run_uvicorn_backend(host, port, loglevel: LogLevel):
+def run_uvicorn_backend(host: str, port: int, loglevel: LogLevel):
     """Run the backend in development mode using Uvicorn.
 
     Args:
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ def run_uvicorn_backend(host, port, loglevel: LogLevel):
     )
 
 
-def run_granian_backend(host, port, loglevel: LogLevel):
+def run_granian_backend(host: str, port: int, loglevel: LogLevel):
     """Run the backend in development mode using Granian.
 
     Args:
@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ def run_backend_prod(
         run_uvicorn_backend_prod(host, port, loglevel)
 
 
-def run_uvicorn_backend_prod(host, port, loglevel):
+def run_uvicorn_backend_prod(host: str, port: int, loglevel: LogLevel):
     """Run the backend in production mode using Uvicorn.
 
     Args:
@@ -375,7 +375,7 @@ def run_uvicorn_backend_prod(host, port, loglevel):
     )
 
 
-def run_granian_backend_prod(host, port, loglevel):
+def run_granian_backend_prod(host: str, port: int, loglevel: LogLevel):
     """Run the backend in production mode using Granian.
 
     Args:
diff --git a/reflex/utils/format.py b/reflex/utils/format.py
index 1b3d1740f..31589e9a5 100644
--- a/reflex/utils/format.py
+++ b/reflex/utils/format.py
@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ def _escape_js_string(string: str) -> str:
     """
 
     # TODO: we may need to re-vist this logic after new Var API is implemented.
-    def escape_outside_segments(segment):
+    def escape_outside_segments(segment: str):
         """Escape backticks in segments outside of `${}`.
 
         Args:
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ def format_var(var: Var) -> str:
     return str(var)
 
 
-def format_route(route: str, format_case=True) -> str:
+def format_route(route: str, format_case: bool = True) -> str:
     """Format the given route.
 
     Args:
diff --git a/reflex/utils/lazy_loader.py b/reflex/utils/lazy_loader.py
index 61e3967e5..ea7dfb841 100644
--- a/reflex/utils/lazy_loader.py
+++ b/reflex/utils/lazy_loader.py
@@ -5,7 +5,11 @@ import copy
 import lazy_loader as lazy
 
 
-def attach(package_name, submodules=None, submod_attrs=None):
+def attach(
+    package_name: str,
+    submodules: set | None = None,
+    submod_attrs: dict | None = None,
+):
     """Replaces a package's __getattr__, __dir__, and __all__ attributes using lazy.attach.
     The lazy loader __getattr__ doesn't support tuples as list values. We needed to add
     this functionality (tuples) in Reflex to support 'import as _' statements. This function
diff --git a/reflex/utils/prerequisites.py b/reflex/utils/prerequisites.py
index b2b3b7f3b..b05e87043 100644
--- a/reflex/utils/prerequisites.py
+++ b/reflex/utils/prerequisites.py
@@ -666,7 +666,9 @@ def init_reflex_json(project_hash: int | None):
     path_ops.update_json_file(get_web_dir() / constants.Reflex.JSON, reflex_json)
 
 
-def update_next_config(export=False, transpile_packages: Optional[List[str]] = None):
+def update_next_config(
+    export: bool = False, transpile_packages: Optional[List[str]] = None
+):
     """Update Next.js config from Reflex config.
 
     Args:
@@ -908,7 +910,7 @@ def cached_procedure(cache_file: str, payload_fn: Callable[..., str]):
         The decorated function.
     """
 
-    def _inner_decorator(func):
+    def _inner_decorator(func: Callable):
         def _inner(*args, **kwargs):
             payload = _read_cached_procedure_file(cache_file)
             new_payload = payload_fn(*args, **kwargs)
@@ -1090,7 +1092,7 @@ def validate_bun():
             raise typer.Exit(1)
 
 
-def validate_frontend_dependencies(init=True):
+def validate_frontend_dependencies(init: bool = True):
     """Validate frontend dependencies to ensure they meet requirements.
 
     Args:
@@ -1477,7 +1479,7 @@ def initialize_main_module_index_from_generation(app_name: str, generation_hash:
         )
     render_func_name = defined_funcs[-1]
 
-    def replace_content(_match):
+    def replace_content(_match: re.Match) -> str:
         return "\n".join(
             [
                 resp.text,
@@ -1507,7 +1509,7 @@ def initialize_main_module_index_from_generation(app_name: str, generation_hash:
     main_module_path.write_text(main_module_code)
 
 
-def format_address_width(address_width) -> int | None:
+def format_address_width(address_width: str | None) -> int | None:
     """Cast address width to an int.
 
     Args:
diff --git a/reflex/utils/processes.py b/reflex/utils/processes.py
index a45676c01..5a80dcc23 100644
--- a/reflex/utils/processes.py
+++ b/reflex/utils/processes.py
@@ -15,12 +15,13 @@ from typing import Callable, Generator, List, Optional, Tuple, Union
 import psutil
 import typer
 from redis.exceptions import RedisError
+from rich.progress import Progress
 
 from reflex import constants
 from reflex.utils import console, path_ops, prerequisites
 
 
-def kill(pid):
+def kill(pid: int):
     """Kill a process.
 
     Args:
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ def get_num_workers() -> int:
     return (os.cpu_count() or 1) * 2 + 1
 
 
-def get_process_on_port(port) -> Optional[psutil.Process]:
+def get_process_on_port(port: int) -> Optional[psutil.Process]:
     """Get the process on the given port.
 
     Args:
@@ -71,7 +72,7 @@ def get_process_on_port(port) -> Optional[psutil.Process]:
     return None
 
 
-def is_process_on_port(port) -> bool:
+def is_process_on_port(port: int) -> bool:
     """Check if a process is running on the given port.
 
     Args:
@@ -83,7 +84,7 @@ def is_process_on_port(port) -> bool:
     return get_process_on_port(port) is not None
 
 
-def kill_process_on_port(port):
+def kill_process_on_port(port: int):
     """Kill the process on the given port.
 
     Args:
@@ -94,7 +95,7 @@ def kill_process_on_port(port):
             get_process_on_port(port).kill()  # type: ignore
 
 
-def change_port(port: str, _type: str) -> str:
+def change_port(port: int, _type: str) -> int:
     """Change the port.
 
     Args:
@@ -105,7 +106,7 @@ def change_port(port: str, _type: str) -> str:
         The new port.
 
     """
-    new_port = str(int(port) + 1)
+    new_port = port + 1
     if is_process_on_port(new_port):
         return change_port(new_port, _type)
     console.info(
@@ -114,7 +115,7 @@ def change_port(port: str, _type: str) -> str:
     return new_port
 
 
-def handle_port(service_name: str, port: str, default_port: str) -> str:
+def handle_port(service_name: str, port: int, default_port: int) -> int:
     """Change port if the specified port is in use and is not explicitly specified as a CLI arg or config arg.
     otherwise tell the user the port is in use and exit the app.
 
@@ -133,7 +134,7 @@ def handle_port(service_name: str, port: str, default_port: str) -> str:
         Exit:when the port is in use.
     """
     if is_process_on_port(port):
-        if int(port) == int(default_port):
+        if port == int(default_port):
             return change_port(port, service_name)
         else:
             console.error(f"{service_name.capitalize()} port: {port} is already in use")
@@ -141,7 +142,12 @@ def handle_port(service_name: str, port: str, default_port: str) -> str:
     return port
 
 
-def new_process(args, run: bool = False, show_logs: bool = False, **kwargs):
+def new_process(
+    args: str | list[str | Path | None] | list[str],
+    run: bool = False,
+    show_logs: bool = False,
+    **kwargs,
+):
     """Wrapper over subprocess.Popen to unify the launch of child processes.
 
     Args:
@@ -163,7 +169,7 @@ def new_process(args, run: bool = False, show_logs: bool = False, **kwargs):
             "installed and added to your system's PATH environment variable or try running "
             "`reflex init` again."
         )
-    if None in args:
+    if isinstance(args, list) and None in args:
         console.error(f"Invalid command: {args}")
         raise typer.Exit(1)
     # Add the node bin path to the PATH environment variable.
@@ -185,7 +191,7 @@ def new_process(args, run: bool = False, show_logs: bool = False, **kwargs):
     }
     console.debug(f"Running command: {args}")
     fn = subprocess.run if run else subprocess.Popen
-    return fn(args, **kwargs)
+    return fn(args, **kwargs)  # type: ignore
 
 
 @contextlib.contextmanager
@@ -241,7 +247,7 @@ def run_concurrently(*fns: Union[Callable, Tuple]) -> None:
 def stream_logs(
     message: str,
     process: subprocess.Popen,
-    progress=None,
+    progress: Progress | None = None,
     suppress_errors: bool = False,
     analytics_enabled: bool = False,
 ):
@@ -369,10 +375,10 @@ def get_command_with_loglevel(command: list[str]) -> list[str]:
 
 
 def run_process_with_fallback(
-    args,
+    args: list[str],
     *,
-    show_status_message,
-    fallback=None,
+    show_status_message: str,
+    fallback: str | list | None = None,
     analytics_enabled: bool = False,
     **kwargs,
 ):
@@ -411,7 +417,7 @@ def run_process_with_fallback(
             )
 
 
-def execute_command_and_return_output(command) -> str | None:
+def execute_command_and_return_output(command: str) -> str | None:
     """Execute a command and return the output.
 
     Args:
diff --git a/reflex/utils/pyi_generator.py b/reflex/utils/pyi_generator.py
index fb0a8f8c5..f2980745a 100644
--- a/reflex/utils/pyi_generator.py
+++ b/reflex/utils/pyi_generator.py
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ DEFAULT_IMPORTS = {
 }
 
 
-def _walk_files(path):
+def _walk_files(path: str | Path):
     """Walk all files in a path.
     This can be replaced with Path.walk() in python3.12.
 
@@ -114,7 +114,9 @@ def _relative_to_pwd(path: Path) -> Path:
     return path
 
 
-def _get_type_hint(value, type_hint_globals, is_optional=True) -> str:
+def _get_type_hint(
+    value: Any, type_hint_globals: dict, is_optional: bool = True
+) -> str:
     """Resolve the type hint for value.
 
     Args:
@@ -382,7 +384,7 @@ def _extract_class_props_as_ast_nodes(
     return kwargs
 
 
-def type_to_ast(typ, cls: type) -> ast.AST:
+def type_to_ast(typ: Any, cls: type) -> ast.AST:
     """Converts any type annotation into its AST representation.
     Handles nested generic types, unions, etc.
 
@@ -440,7 +442,7 @@ def type_to_ast(typ, cls: type) -> ast.AST:
     )
 
 
-def _get_parent_imports(func):
+def _get_parent_imports(func: Callable):
     _imports = {"reflex.vars": ["Var"]}
     for type_hint in inspect.get_annotations(func).values():
         try:
@@ -1049,7 +1051,7 @@ class PyiGenerator:
         pyi_path.write_text(pyi_content)
         logger.info(f"Wrote {relpath}")
 
-    def _get_init_lazy_imports(self, mod, new_tree):
+    def _get_init_lazy_imports(self, mod: tuple | ModuleType, new_tree: ast.AST):
         # retrieve the _SUBMODULES and _SUBMOD_ATTRS from an init file if present.
         sub_mods = getattr(mod, "_SUBMODULES", None)
         sub_mod_attrs = getattr(mod, "_SUBMOD_ATTRS", None)
@@ -1135,7 +1137,7 @@ class PyiGenerator:
             if pyi_path:
                 self.written_files.append(pyi_path)
 
-    def scan_all(self, targets, changed_files: list[Path] | None = None):
+    def scan_all(self, targets: list, changed_files: list[Path] | None = None):
         """Scan all targets for class inheriting Component and generate the .pyi files.
 
         Args:
diff --git a/reflex/utils/registry.py b/reflex/utils/registry.py
index d98178c61..47727d659 100644
--- a/reflex/utils/registry.py
+++ b/reflex/utils/registry.py
@@ -22,15 +22,15 @@ def latency(registry: str) -> int:
         return 10_000_000
 
 
-def average_latency(registry, attempts: int = 3) -> int:
+def average_latency(registry: str, attempts: int = 3) -> int:
     """Get the average latency of a registry.
 
     Args:
-        registry (str): The URL of the registry.
-        attempts (int): The number of attempts to make. Defaults to 10.
+        registry: The URL of the registry.
+        attempts: The number of attempts to make. Defaults to 10.
 
     Returns:
-        int: The average latency of the registry in microseconds.
+        The average latency of the registry in microseconds.
     """
     return sum(latency(registry) for _ in range(attempts)) // attempts
 
diff --git a/reflex/utils/telemetry.py b/reflex/utils/telemetry.py
index 815d37a1b..1e09af7f9 100644
--- a/reflex/utils/telemetry.py
+++ b/reflex/utils/telemetry.py
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ def _send_event(event_data: dict) -> bool:
         return False
 
 
-def _send(event, telemetry_enabled, **kwargs):
+def _send(event: str, telemetry_enabled: bool | None, **kwargs):
     from reflex.config import get_config
 
     # Get the telemetry_enabled from the config if it is not specified.
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ def send(event: str, telemetry_enabled: bool | None = None, **kwargs):
         kwargs: Additional data to send with the event.
     """
 
-    async def async_send(event, telemetry_enabled, **kwargs):
+    async def async_send(event: str, telemetry_enabled: bool | None, **kwargs):
         return _send(event, telemetry_enabled, **kwargs)
 
     try:
diff --git a/reflex/utils/types.py b/reflex/utils/types.py
index 9361c1ce4..5a2b25950 100644
--- a/reflex/utils/types.py
+++ b/reflex/utils/types.py
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ class Unset:
 
 
 @lru_cache()
-def get_origin(tp):
+def get_origin(tp: Any):
     """Get the origin of a class.
 
     Args:
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ def is_literal(cls: GenericType) -> bool:
     return get_origin(cls) is Literal
 
 
-def has_args(cls) -> bool:
+def has_args(cls: Type) -> bool:
     """Check if the class has generic parameters.
 
     Args:
@@ -740,7 +740,7 @@ def check_prop_in_allowed_types(prop: Any, allowed_types: Iterable) -> bool:
     return type_ in allowed_types
 
 
-def is_encoded_fstring(value) -> bool:
+def is_encoded_fstring(value: Any) -> bool:
     """Check if a value is an encoded Var f-string.
 
     Args:
@@ -783,7 +783,7 @@ def validate_literal(key: str, value: Any, expected_type: Type, comp_name: str):
             )
 
 
-def validate_parameter_literals(func):
+def validate_parameter_literals(func: Callable):
     """Decorator to check that the arguments passed to a function
     correspond to the correct function parameter if it (the parameter)
     is a literal type.