diff --git a/poetry.lock b/poetry.lock
index 2012042a1..55cd70c49 100644
--- a/poetry.lock
+++ b/poetry.lock
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# This file is automatically @generated by Poetry 1.4.1 and should not be changed by hand.
+# This file is automatically @generated by Poetry 1.4.0 and should not be changed by hand.
 
 [[package]]
 name = "anyio"
@@ -37,25 +37,6 @@ files = [
 [package.dependencies]
 typing-extensions = {version = ">=3.6.5", markers = "python_version < \"3.8\""}
 
-[[package]]
-name = "attrs"
-version = "22.2.0"
-description = "Classes Without Boilerplate"
-category = "dev"
-optional = false
-python-versions = ">=3.6"
-files = [
-    {file = "attrs-22.2.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:29e95c7f6778868dbd49170f98f8818f78f3dc5e0e37c0b1f474e3561b240836"},
-    {file = "attrs-22.2.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:c9227bfc2f01993c03f68db37d1d15c9690188323c067c641f1a35ca58185f99"},
-]
-
-[package.extras]
-cov = ["attrs[tests]", "coverage-enable-subprocess", "coverage[toml] (>=5.3)"]
-dev = ["attrs[docs,tests]"]
-docs = ["furo", "myst-parser", "sphinx", "sphinx-notfound-page", "sphinxcontrib-towncrier", "towncrier", "zope.interface"]
-tests = ["attrs[tests-no-zope]", "zope.interface"]
-tests-no-zope = ["cloudpickle", "cloudpickle", "hypothesis", "hypothesis", "mypy (>=0.971,<0.990)", "mypy (>=0.971,<0.990)", "pympler", "pympler", "pytest (>=4.3.0)", "pytest (>=4.3.0)", "pytest-mypy-plugins", "pytest-mypy-plugins", "pytest-xdist[psutil]", "pytest-xdist[psutil]"]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "bidict"
 version = "0.22.1"
@@ -112,14 +93,14 @@ uvloop = ["uvloop (>=0.15.2)"]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "certifi"
-version = "2022.12.7"
+version = "2023.5.7"
 description = "Python package for providing Mozilla's CA Bundle."
 category = "main"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.6"
 files = [
-    {file = "certifi-2022.12.7-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:4ad3232f5e926d6718ec31cfc1fcadfde020920e278684144551c91769c7bc18"},
-    {file = "certifi-2022.12.7.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:35824b4c3a97115964b408844d64aa14db1cc518f6562e8d7261699d1350a9e3"},
+    {file = "certifi-2023.5.7-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:c6c2e98f5c7869efca1f8916fed228dd91539f9f1b444c314c06eef02980c716"},
+    {file = "certifi-2023.5.7.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:0f0d56dc5a6ad56fd4ba36484d6cc34451e1c6548c61daad8c320169f91eddc7"},
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -215,14 +196,14 @@ files = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "exceptiongroup"
-version = "1.1.0"
+version = "1.1.1"
 description = "Backport of PEP 654 (exception groups)"
 category = "dev"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.7"
 files = [
-    {file = "exceptiongroup-1.1.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:327cbda3da756e2de031a3107b81ab7b3770a602c4d16ca618298c526f4bec1e"},
-    {file = "exceptiongroup-1.1.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:bcb67d800a4497e1b404c2dd44fca47d3b7a5e5433dbab67f96c1a685cdfdf23"},
+    {file = "exceptiongroup-1.1.1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:232c37c63e4f682982c8b6459f33a8981039e5fb8756b2074364e5055c498c9e"},
+    {file = "exceptiongroup-1.1.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:d484c3090ba2889ae2928419117447a14daf3c1231d5e30d0aae34f354f01785"},
 ]
 
 [package.extras]
@@ -252,19 +233,19 @@ test = ["anyio[trio] (>=3.2.1,<4.0.0)", "black (==22.10.0)", "coverage[toml] (>=
 
 [[package]]
 name = "filelock"
-version = "3.10.6"
+version = "3.12.0"
 description = "A platform independent file lock."
 category = "dev"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.7"
 files = [
-    {file = "filelock-3.10.6-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:52f119747b2b9c4730dac715a7b1ab34b8ee70fd9259cba158ee53da566387ff"},
-    {file = "filelock-3.10.6.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:409105becd604d6b176a483f855e7e8903c5cb2873e47f2c64f66a370c046aaf"},
+    {file = "filelock-3.12.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:ad98852315c2ab702aeb628412cbf7e95b7ce8c3bf9565670b4eaecf1db370a9"},
+    {file = "filelock-3.12.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:fc03ae43288c013d2ea83c8597001b1129db351aad9c57fe2409327916b8e718"},
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 [package.extras]
-docs = ["furo (>=2022.12.7)", "sphinx (>=6.1.3)", "sphinx-autodoc-typehints (>=1.22,!=1.23.4)"]
-testing = ["covdefaults (>=2.3)", "coverage (>=7.2.2)", "diff-cover (>=7.5)", "pytest (>=7.2.2)", "pytest-cov (>=4)", "pytest-mock (>=3.10)", "pytest-timeout (>=2.1)"]
+docs = ["furo (>=2023.3.27)", "sphinx (>=6.1.3)", "sphinx-autodoc-typehints (>=1.23,!=1.23.4)"]
+testing = ["covdefaults (>=2.3)", "coverage (>=7.2.3)", "diff-cover (>=7.5)", "pytest (>=7.3.1)", "pytest-cov (>=4)", "pytest-mock (>=3.10)", "pytest-timeout (>=2.1)"]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "greenlet"
@@ -424,14 +405,14 @@ socks = ["socksio (>=1.0.0,<2.0.0)"]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "identify"
-version = "2.5.22"
+version = "2.5.24"
 description = "File identification library for Python"
 category = "dev"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.7"
 files = [
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 ]
 
 [package.extras]
@@ -451,14 +432,14 @@ files = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "importlib-metadata"
-version = "6.0.0"
+version = "6.6.0"
 description = "Read metadata from Python packages"
 category = "main"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.7"
 files = [
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+    {file = "importlib_metadata-6.6.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:92501cdf9cc66ebd3e612f1b4f0c0765dfa42f0fa38ffb319b6bd84dd675d705"},
 ]
 
 [package.dependencies]
@@ -552,52 +533,52 @@ files = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "numpy"
-version = "1.24.2"
+version = "1.24.3"
 description = "Fundamental package for array computing in Python"
 category = "dev"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.8"
 files = [
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 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "packaging"
-version = "23.0"
+version = "23.1"
 description = "Core utilities for Python packages"
-category = "dev"
+category = "main"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.7"
 files = [
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 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -693,48 +674,49 @@ test = ["hypothesis (>=5.5.3)", "pytest (>=6.0)", "pytest-xdist (>=1.31)"]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pathspec"
-version = "0.11.0"
+version = "0.11.1"
 description = "Utility library for gitignore style pattern matching of file paths."
 category = "dev"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.7"
 files = [
-    {file = "pathspec-0.11.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:3a66eb970cbac598f9e5ccb5b2cf58930cd8e3ed86d393d541eaf2d8b1705229"},
-    {file = "pathspec-0.11.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:64d338d4e0914e91c1792321e6907b5a593f1ab1851de7fc269557a21b30ebbc"},
+    {file = "pathspec-0.11.1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:d8af70af76652554bd134c22b3e8a1cc46ed7d91edcdd721ef1a0c51a84a5293"},
+    {file = "pathspec-0.11.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:2798de800fa92780e33acca925945e9a19a133b715067cf165b8866c15a31687"},
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "platformdirs"
-version = "3.1.0"
+version = "3.5.0"
 description = "A small Python package for determining appropriate platform-specific dirs, e.g. a \"user data dir\"."
 category = "dev"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.7"
 files = [
-    {file = "platformdirs-3.1.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:13b08a53ed71021350c9e300d4ea8668438fb0046ab3937ac9a29913a1a1350a"},
-    {file = "platformdirs-3.1.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:accc3665857288317f32c7bebb5a8e482ba717b474f3fc1d18ca7f9214be0cef"},
+    {file = "platformdirs-3.5.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:47692bc24c1958e8b0f13dd727307cff1db103fca36399f457da8e05f222fdc4"},
+    {file = "platformdirs-3.5.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:7954a68d0ba23558d753f73437c55f89027cf8f5108c19844d4b82e5af396335"},
 ]
 
 [package.dependencies]
-typing-extensions = {version = ">=4.4", markers = "python_version < \"3.8\""}
+typing-extensions = {version = ">=4.5", markers = "python_version < \"3.8\""}
 
 [package.extras]
-docs = ["furo (>=2022.12.7)", "proselint (>=0.13)", "sphinx (>=6.1.3)", "sphinx-autodoc-typehints (>=1.22,!=1.23.4)"]
-test = ["appdirs (==1.4.4)", "covdefaults (>=2.2.2)", "pytest (>=7.2.1)", "pytest-cov (>=4)", "pytest-mock (>=3.10)"]
+docs = ["furo (>=2023.3.27)", "proselint (>=0.13)", "sphinx (>=6.1.3)", "sphinx-autodoc-typehints (>=1.23,!=1.23.4)"]
+test = ["appdirs (==1.4.4)", "covdefaults (>=2.3)", "pytest (>=7.3.1)", "pytest-cov (>=4)", "pytest-mock (>=3.10)"]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "plotly"
-version = "5.13.1"
+version = "5.14.1"
 description = "An open-source, interactive data visualization library for Python"
 category = "main"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.6"
 files = [
-    {file = "plotly-5.13.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:f776a5c664908450c6c1727f61e8e2e22798d9c6c69d37a9057735365084a2fa"},
-    {file = "plotly-5.13.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:90ee9a1fee0dda30e2830e129855081ea17bd1b06a553a62b62de15caff1a219"},
+    {file = "plotly-5.14.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:a63f3ad9e4cc2e02902a738e5e3e7f3d1307f2732ac71a6c28f1238ed3052826"},
+    {file = "plotly-5.14.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:bcac86d7fcba3eff7260c1eddc36ca34dae2aded10a0709808446565e0e53b93"},
 ]
 
 [package.dependencies]
+packaging = "*"
 tenacity = ">=6.2.0"
 
 [[package]]
@@ -758,14 +740,14 @@ testing = ["pytest", "pytest-benchmark"]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pre-commit"
-version = "3.2.1"
+version = "3.3.1"
 description = "A framework for managing and maintaining multi-language pre-commit hooks."
 category = "dev"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.8"
 files = [
-    {file = "pre_commit-3.2.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:a06a7fcce7f420047a71213c175714216498b49ebc81fe106f7716ca265f5bb6"},
-    {file = "pre_commit-3.2.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:b5aee7d75dbba21ee161ba641b01e7ae10c5b91967ebf7b2ab0dfae12d07e1f1"},
+    {file = "pre_commit-3.3.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:218e9e3f7f7f3271ebc355a15598a4d3893ad9fc7b57fe446db75644543323b9"},
+    {file = "pre_commit-3.3.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:733f78c9a056cdd169baa6cd4272d51ecfda95346ef8a89bf93712706021b907"},
 ]
 
 [package.dependencies]
@@ -777,26 +759,26 @@ virtualenv = ">=20.10.0"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "psutil"
-version = "5.9.4"
+version = "5.9.5"
 description = "Cross-platform lib for process and system monitoring in Python."
 category = "main"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=2.7, !=3.0.*, !=3.1.*, !=3.2.*, !=3.3.*"
 files = [
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-    {file = "psutil-5.9.4-cp27-cp27m-manylinux2010_i686.whl", hash = "sha256:68908971daf802203f3d37e78d3f8831b6d1014864d7a85937941bb35f09aefe"},
-    {file = "psutil-5.9.4-cp27-cp27m-manylinux2010_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:3ff89f9b835100a825b14c2808a106b6fdcc4b15483141482a12c725e7f78549"},
-    {file = "psutil-5.9.4-cp27-cp27m-win32.whl", hash = "sha256:852dd5d9f8a47169fe62fd4a971aa07859476c2ba22c2254d4a1baa4e10b95ad"},
-    {file = "psutil-5.9.4-cp27-cp27m-win_amd64.whl", hash = "sha256:9120cd39dca5c5e1c54b59a41d205023d436799b1c8c4d3ff71af18535728e94"},
-    {file = "psutil-5.9.4-cp27-cp27mu-manylinux2010_i686.whl", hash = "sha256:6b92c532979bafc2df23ddc785ed116fced1f492ad90a6830cf24f4d1ea27d24"},
-    {file = "psutil-5.9.4-cp27-cp27mu-manylinux2010_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:efeae04f9516907be44904cc7ce08defb6b665128992a56957abc9b61dca94b7"},
-    {file = "psutil-5.9.4-cp36-abi3-macosx_10_9_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:54d5b184728298f2ca8567bf83c422b706200bcbbfafdc06718264f9393cfeb7"},
-    {file = "psutil-5.9.4-cp36-abi3-manylinux_2_12_i686.manylinux2010_i686.manylinux_2_17_i686.manylinux2014_i686.whl", hash = "sha256:16653106f3b59386ffe10e0bad3bb6299e169d5327d3f187614b1cb8f24cf2e1"},
-    {file = "psutil-5.9.4-cp36-abi3-manylinux_2_12_x86_64.manylinux2010_x86_64.manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:54c0d3d8e0078b7666984e11b12b88af2db11d11249a8ac8920dd5ef68a66e08"},
-    {file = "psutil-5.9.4-cp36-abi3-win32.whl", hash = "sha256:149555f59a69b33f056ba1c4eb22bb7bf24332ce631c44a319cec09f876aaeff"},
-    {file = "psutil-5.9.4-cp36-abi3-win_amd64.whl", hash = "sha256:fd8522436a6ada7b4aad6638662966de0d61d241cb821239b2ae7013d41a43d4"},
-    {file = "psutil-5.9.4-cp38-abi3-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl", hash = "sha256:6001c809253a29599bc0dfd5179d9f8a5779f9dffea1da0f13c53ee568115e1e"},
-    {file = "psutil-5.9.4.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:3d7f9739eb435d4b1338944abe23f49584bde5395f27487d2ee25ad9a8774a62"},
+    {file = "psutil-5.9.5-cp27-cp27m-macosx_10_9_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:be8929ce4313f9f8146caad4272f6abb8bf99fc6cf59344a3167ecd74f4f203f"},
+    {file = "psutil-5.9.5-cp27-cp27m-manylinux2010_i686.whl", hash = "sha256:ab8ed1a1d77c95453db1ae00a3f9c50227ebd955437bcf2a574ba8adbf6a74d5"},
+    {file = "psutil-5.9.5-cp27-cp27m-manylinux2010_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:4aef137f3345082a3d3232187aeb4ac4ef959ba3d7c10c33dd73763fbc063da4"},
+    {file = "psutil-5.9.5-cp27-cp27mu-manylinux2010_i686.whl", hash = "sha256:ea8518d152174e1249c4f2a1c89e3e6065941df2fa13a1ab45327716a23c2b48"},
+    {file = "psutil-5.9.5-cp27-cp27mu-manylinux2010_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:acf2aef9391710afded549ff602b5887d7a2349831ae4c26be7c807c0a39fac4"},
+    {file = "psutil-5.9.5-cp27-none-win32.whl", hash = "sha256:5b9b8cb93f507e8dbaf22af6a2fd0ccbe8244bf30b1baad6b3954e935157ae3f"},
+    {file = "psutil-5.9.5-cp27-none-win_amd64.whl", hash = "sha256:8c5f7c5a052d1d567db4ddd231a9d27a74e8e4a9c3f44b1032762bd7b9fdcd42"},
+    {file = "psutil-5.9.5-cp36-abi3-macosx_10_9_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:3c6f686f4225553615612f6d9bc21f1c0e305f75d7d8454f9b46e901778e7217"},
+    {file = "psutil-5.9.5-cp36-abi3-manylinux_2_12_i686.manylinux2010_i686.manylinux_2_17_i686.manylinux2014_i686.whl", hash = "sha256:7a7dd9997128a0d928ed4fb2c2d57e5102bb6089027939f3b722f3a210f9a8da"},
+    {file = "psutil-5.9.5-cp36-abi3-manylinux_2_12_x86_64.manylinux2010_x86_64.manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:89518112647f1276b03ca97b65cc7f64ca587b1eb0278383017c2a0dcc26cbe4"},
+    {file = "psutil-5.9.5-cp36-abi3-win32.whl", hash = "sha256:104a5cc0e31baa2bcf67900be36acde157756b9c44017b86b2c049f11957887d"},
+    {file = "psutil-5.9.5-cp36-abi3-win_amd64.whl", hash = "sha256:b258c0c1c9d145a1d5ceffab1134441c4c5113b2417fafff7315a917a026c3c9"},
+    {file = "psutil-5.9.5-cp38-abi3-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl", hash = "sha256:c607bb3b57dc779d55e1554846352b4e358c10fff3abf3514a7a6601beebdb30"},
+    {file = "psutil-5.9.5.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:5410638e4df39c54d957fc51ce03048acd8e6d60abc0f5107af51e5fb566eb3c"},
 ]
 
 [package.extras]
@@ -857,14 +839,14 @@ email = ["email-validator (>=1.0.3)"]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pygments"
-version = "2.14.0"
+version = "2.15.1"
 description = "Pygments is a syntax highlighting package written in Python."
 category = "main"
 optional = false
-python-versions = ">=3.6"
+python-versions = ">=3.7"
 files = [
-    {file = "Pygments-2.14.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:fa7bd7bd2771287c0de303af8bfdfc731f51bd2c6a47ab69d117138893b82717"},
-    {file = "Pygments-2.14.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:b3ed06a9e8ac9a9aae5a6f5dbe78a8a58655d17b43b93c078f094ddc476ae297"},
+    {file = "Pygments-2.15.1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:db2db3deb4b4179f399a09054b023b6a586b76499d36965813c71aa8ed7b5fd1"},
+    {file = "Pygments-2.15.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:8ace4d3c1dd481894b2005f560ead0f9f19ee64fe983366be1a21e171d12775c"},
 ]
 
 [package.extras]
@@ -872,14 +854,14 @@ plugins = ["importlib-metadata"]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pyright"
-version = "1.1.297"
+version = "1.1.306"
 description = "Command line wrapper for pyright"
 category = "dev"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.7"
 files = [
-    {file = "pyright-1.1.297-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:3fd6528280eb649f8b64b7ece55299f01e340d29f4cf257da876957e3ee24062"},
-    {file = "pyright-1.1.297.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:89082de2fbd240fa75767b57824f4d8516f2fb9005047265a67b895547c6272f"},
+    {file = "pyright-1.1.306-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:008eb2a29584ae274a154d749cf81476a3073fb562a462eac8d43a753378b9db"},
+    {file = "pyright-1.1.306.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:16d5d198be64de497d5f9002000a271176c381e21b977ca5566cf779b643c9ed"},
 ]
 
 [package.dependencies]
@@ -892,18 +874,17 @@ dev = ["twine (>=3.4.1)"]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pytest"
-version = "7.2.2"
+version = "7.3.1"
 description = "pytest: simple powerful testing with Python"
 category = "dev"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.7"
 files = [
-    {file = "pytest-7.2.2-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:130328f552dcfac0b1cec75c12e3f005619dc5f874f0a06e8ff7263f0ee6225e"},
-    {file = "pytest-7.2.2.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:c99ab0c73aceb050f68929bc93af19ab6db0558791c6a0715723abe9d0ade9d4"},
+    {file = "pytest-7.3.1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:3799fa815351fea3a5e96ac7e503a96fa51cc9942c3753cda7651b93c1cfa362"},
+    {file = "pytest-7.3.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:434afafd78b1d78ed0addf160ad2b77a30d35d4bdf8af234fe621919d9ed15e3"},
 ]
 
 [package.dependencies]
-attrs = ">=19.2.0"
 colorama = {version = "*", markers = "sys_platform == \"win32\""}
 exceptiongroup = {version = ">=1.0.0rc8", markers = "python_version < \"3.11\""}
 importlib-metadata = {version = ">=0.12", markers = "python_version < \"3.8\""}
@@ -913,7 +894,7 @@ pluggy = ">=0.12,<2.0"
 tomli = {version = ">=1.0.0", markers = "python_version < \"3.11\""}
 
 [package.extras]
-testing = ["argcomplete", "hypothesis (>=3.56)", "mock", "nose", "pygments (>=2.7.2)", "requests", "xmlschema"]
+testing = ["argcomplete", "attrs (>=19.2.0)", "hypothesis (>=3.56)", "mock", "nose", "pygments (>=2.7.2)", "requests", "xmlschema"]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pytest-asyncio"
@@ -970,14 +951,14 @@ six = ">=1.5"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "python-engineio"
-version = "4.3.4"
+version = "4.4.1"
 description = "Engine.IO server and client for Python"
 category = "main"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.6"
 files = [
-    {file = "python-engineio-4.3.4.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:d8d8b072799c36cadcdcc2b40d2a560ce09797ab3d2d596b2ad519a5e4df19ae"},
-    {file = "python_engineio-4.3.4-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:7454314a529bba20e745928601ffeaf101c1b5aca9a6c4e48ad397803d10ea0c"},
+    {file = "python-engineio-4.4.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:eb3663ecb300195926b526386f712dff84cd092c818fb7b62eeeda9160120c29"},
+    {file = "python_engineio-4.4.1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:28ab67f94cba2e5f598cbb04428138fd6bb8b06d3478c939412da445f24f0773"},
 ]
 
 [package.extras]
@@ -1000,14 +981,14 @@ six = ">=1.4.0"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "python-socketio"
-version = "5.7.2"
+version = "5.8.0"
 description = "Socket.IO server and client for Python"
 category = "main"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.6"
 files = [
-    {file = "python-socketio-5.7.2.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:92395062d9db3c13d30e7cdedaa0e1330bba78505645db695415f9a3c628d097"},
-    {file = "python_socketio-5.7.2-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:d9a9f047e6fdd306c852fbac36516f4b495c2096f8ad9ceb8803b8e5ff5622e3"},
+    {file = "python-socketio-5.8.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:e714f4dddfaaa0cb0e37a1e2deef2bb60590a5b9fea9c343dd8ca5e688416fd9"},
+    {file = "python_socketio-5.8.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:7adb8867aac1c2929b9c1429f1c02e12ca4c36b67c807967393e367dfbb01441"},
 ]
 
 [package.dependencies]
@@ -1020,14 +1001,14 @@ client = ["requests (>=2.21.0)", "websocket-client (>=0.54.0)"]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pytz"
-version = "2022.7.1"
+version = "2023.3"
 description = "World timezone definitions, modern and historical"
 category = "dev"
 optional = false
 python-versions = "*"
 files = [
-    {file = "pytz-2022.7.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:78f4f37d8198e0627c5f1143240bb0206b8691d8d7ac6d78fee88b78733f8c4a"},
-    {file = "pytz-2022.7.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:01a0681c4b9684a28304615eba55d1ab31ae00bf68ec157ec3708a8182dbbcd0"},
+    {file = "pytz-2023.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:a151b3abb88eda1d4e34a9814df37de2a80e301e68ba0fd856fb9b46bfbbbffb"},
+    {file = "pytz-2023.3.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:1d8ce29db189191fb55338ee6d0387d82ab59f3d00eac103412d64e0ebd0c588"},
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1082,18 +1063,18 @@ files = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "redis"
-version = "4.5.1"
+version = "4.5.4"
 description = "Python client for Redis database and key-value store"
 category = "main"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.7"
 files = [
-    {file = "redis-4.5.1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:5deb072d26e67d2be1712603bfb7947ec3431fb0eec9c578994052e33035af6d"},
-    {file = "redis-4.5.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:1eec3741cda408d3a5f84b78d089c8b8d895f21b3b050988351e925faf202864"},
+    {file = "redis-4.5.4-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:2c19e6767c474f2e85167909061d525ed65bea9301c0770bb151e041b7ac89a2"},
+    {file = "redis-4.5.4.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:73ec35da4da267d6847e47f68730fdd5f62e2ca69e3ef5885c6a78a9374c3893"},
 ]
 
 [package.dependencies]
-async-timeout = ">=4.0.2"
+async-timeout = {version = ">=4.0.2", markers = "python_version <= \"3.11.2\""}
 importlib-metadata = {version = ">=1.0", markers = "python_version < \"3.8\""}
 typing-extensions = {version = "*", markers = "python_version < \"3.8\""}
 
@@ -1167,14 +1148,14 @@ files = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "setuptools"
-version = "67.5.1"
+version = "67.7.2"
 description = "Easily download, build, install, upgrade, and uninstall Python packages"
 category = "main"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.7"
 files = [
-    {file = "setuptools-67.5.1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:1c39d42bda4cb89f7fdcad52b6762e3c309ec8f8715b27c684176b7d71283242"},
-    {file = "setuptools-67.5.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:15136a251127da2d2e77ac7a1bc231eb504654f7e3346d93613a13f2e2787535"},
+    {file = "setuptools-67.7.2-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:23aaf86b85ca52ceb801d32703f12d77517b2556af839621c641fca11287952b"},
+    {file = "setuptools-67.7.2.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:f104fa03692a2602fa0fec6c6a9e63b6c8a968de13e17c026957dd1f53d80990"},
 ]
 
 [package.extras]
@@ -1284,14 +1265,14 @@ sqlcipher = ["sqlcipher3-binary"]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "sqlalchemy2-stubs"
-version = "0.0.2a32"
+version = "0.0.2a34"
 description = "Typing Stubs for SQLAlchemy 1.4"
 category = "main"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.6"
 files = [
-    {file = "sqlalchemy2-stubs-0.0.2a32.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:2a2cfab71d35ac63bf21ad841d8610cd93a3bd4c6562848c538fa975585c2739"},
-    {file = "sqlalchemy2_stubs-0.0.2a32-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:7f5fb30b0cf7c6b74c50c1d94df77ff32007afee8d80499752eb3fedffdbdfb8"},
+    {file = "sqlalchemy2-stubs-0.0.2a34.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:2432137ab2fde1a608df4544f6712427b0b7ff25990cfbbc5a9d1db6c8c6f489"},
+    {file = "sqlalchemy2_stubs-0.0.2a34-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:a313220ac793404349899faf1272e821a62dbe1d3a029bd444faa8d3e966cd07"},
 ]
 
 [package.dependencies]
@@ -1461,24 +1442,24 @@ standard = ["colorama (>=0.4)", "httptools (>=0.5.0)", "python-dotenv (>=0.13)",
 
 [[package]]
 name = "virtualenv"
-version = "20.21.0"
+version = "20.23.0"
 description = "Virtual Python Environment builder"
 category = "dev"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.7"
 files = [
-    {file = "virtualenv-20.21.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:31712f8f2a17bd06234fa97fdf19609e789dd4e3e4bf108c3da71d710651adbc"},
-    {file = "virtualenv-20.21.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:f50e3e60f990a0757c9b68333c9fdaa72d7188caa417f96af9e52407831a3b68"},
+    {file = "virtualenv-20.23.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:6abec7670e5802a528357fdc75b26b9f57d5d92f29c5462ba0fbe45feacc685e"},
+    {file = "virtualenv-20.23.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:a85caa554ced0c0afbd0d638e7e2d7b5f92d23478d05d17a76daeac8f279f924"},
 ]
 
 [package.dependencies]
 distlib = ">=0.3.6,<1"
-filelock = ">=3.4.1,<4"
-platformdirs = ">=2.4,<4"
+filelock = ">=3.11,<4"
+platformdirs = ">=3.2,<4"
 
 [package.extras]
-docs = ["furo (>=2022.12.7)", "proselint (>=0.13)", "sphinx (>=6.1.3)", "sphinx-argparse (>=0.4)", "sphinxcontrib-towncrier (>=0.2.1a0)", "towncrier (>=22.12)"]
-test = ["covdefaults (>=2.2.2)", "coverage (>=7.1)", "coverage-enable-subprocess (>=1)", "flaky (>=3.7)", "packaging (>=23)", "pytest (>=7.2.1)", "pytest-env (>=0.8.1)", "pytest-freezegun (>=0.4.2)", "pytest-mock (>=3.10)", "pytest-randomly (>=3.12)", "pytest-timeout (>=2.1)"]
+docs = ["furo (>=2023.3.27)", "proselint (>=0.13)", "sphinx (>=6.1.3)", "sphinx-argparse (>=0.4)", "sphinxcontrib-towncrier (>=0.2.1a0)", "towncrier (>=22.12)"]
+test = ["covdefaults (>=2.3)", "coverage (>=7.2.3)", "coverage-enable-subprocess (>=1)", "flaky (>=3.7)", "packaging (>=23.1)", "pytest (>=7.3.1)", "pytest-env (>=0.8.1)", "pytest-freezegun (>=0.4.2)", "pytest-mock (>=3.10)", "pytest-randomly (>=3.12)", "pytest-timeout (>=2.1)", "setuptools (>=67.7.1)", "time-machine (>=2.9)"]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "watchdog"
diff --git a/pynecone/app.py b/pynecone/app.py
index b4c387b18..8c273981d 100644
--- a/pynecone/app.py
+++ b/pynecone/app.py
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ from pynecone.route import (
     get_route_args,
     verify_route_validity,
 )
-from pynecone.state import DefaultState, Delta, State, StateManager, StateUpdate
+from pynecone.state import DefaultState, State, StateManager, StateUpdate
 from pynecone.utils import format, types
 
 # Define custom types.
@@ -62,8 +62,8 @@ class App(Base):
     # Middleware to add to the app.
     middleware: List[Middleware] = []
 
-    # Event handlers to trigger when a page loads.
-    load_events: Dict[str, Union[EventHandler, List[EventHandler]]] = {}
+    # List of event handlers to trigger when a page loads.
+    load_events: Dict[str, List[EventHandler]] = {}
 
     def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
         """Initialize the app.
@@ -149,16 +149,14 @@ class App(Base):
             allow_origins=["*"],
         )
 
-    async def preprocess(
-        self, state: State, event: Event
-    ) -> Optional[Union[StateUpdate, List[StateUpdate]]]:
+    async def preprocess(self, state: State, event: Event) -> Optional[StateUpdate]:
         """Preprocess the event.
 
         This is where middleware can modify the event before it is processed.
         Each middleware is called in the order it was added to the app.
 
-        If a middleware returns a delta, the event is not processed and the
-        delta is returned.
+        If a middleware returns an update, the event is not processed and the
+        update is returned.
 
         Args:
             state: The state to preprocess.
@@ -176,35 +174,33 @@ class App(Base):
                 return out  # type: ignore
 
     async def postprocess(
-        self, state: State, event: Event, delta: Delta
-    ) -> Optional[Delta]:
+        self, state: State, event: Event, update: StateUpdate
+    ) -> StateUpdate:
         """Postprocess the event.
 
         This is where middleware can modify the delta after it is processed.
         Each middleware is called in the order it was added to the app.
 
-        If a middleware returns a delta, the delta is not processed and the
-        delta is returned.
-
         Args:
             state: The state to postprocess.
             event: The event to postprocess.
-            delta: The delta to postprocess.
+            update: The current state update.
 
         Returns:
-            An optional state to return.
+            The state update to return.
         """
         for middleware in self.middleware:
             if asyncio.iscoroutinefunction(middleware.postprocess):
                 out = await middleware.postprocess(
-                    app=self, state=state, event=event, delta=delta
+                    app=self, state=state, event=event, update=update
                 )
             else:
                 out = middleware.postprocess(
-                    app=self, state=state, event=event, delta=delta
+                    app=self, state=state, event=event, update=update
                 )
             if out is not None:
                 return out  # type: ignore
+        return update
 
     def add_middleware(self, middleware: Middleware, index: Optional[int] = None):
         """Add middleware to the app.
@@ -289,9 +285,26 @@ class App(Base):
         self._check_routes_conflict(route)
         self.pages[route] = component
 
+        # Add the load events.
         if on_load:
+            if not isinstance(on_load, list):
+                on_load = [on_load]
             self.load_events[route] = on_load
 
+    def get_load_events(self, route: str) -> List[EventHandler]:
+        """Get the load events for a route.
+
+        Args:
+            route: The route to get the load events for.
+
+        Returns:
+            The load events for the route.
+        """
+        route = route.lstrip("/")
+        if route == "":
+            route = constants.INDEX_ROUTE
+        return self.load_events.get(route, [])
+
     def _check_routes_conflict(self, new_route: str):
         """Verify if there is any conflict between the new route and any existing route.
 
@@ -411,7 +424,7 @@ class App(Base):
 
 async def process(
     app: App, event: Event, sid: str, headers: Dict, client_ip: str
-) -> List[StateUpdate]:
+) -> StateUpdate:
     """Process an event.
 
     Args:
@@ -444,27 +457,21 @@ async def process(
         substate.router_data = state.router_data
 
     # Preprocess the event.
-    pre = await app.preprocess(state, event)
-    if isinstance(pre, StateUpdate):
-        return [pre]
-    updates = pre
+    update = await app.preprocess(state, event)
 
-    # Apply the event to the state.
-    if updates is None:
-        updates = [await state._process(event)]
-        app.state_manager.set_state(event.token, state)
+    # Only process the event if there is no update.
+    if update is None:
+        # Apply the event to the state.
+        update = await state._process(event)
 
-    # Postprocess the event.
-    post_list = []
-    for update in updates:
-        post = await app.postprocess(state, event, update.delta)  # type: ignore
-        post_list.append(post) if post else None
+        # Postprocess the event.
+        update = await app.postprocess(state, event, update)
 
-    if len(post_list) > 0:
-        return [StateUpdate(delta=post) for post in post_list]
+    # Update the state.
+    app.state_manager.set_state(event.token, state)
 
-    # Return the updates.
-    return updates
+    # Return the update.
+    return update
 
 
 async def ping() -> str:
@@ -598,11 +605,10 @@ class EventNamespace(AsyncNamespace):
         client_ip = environ["REMOTE_ADDR"]
 
         # Process the events.
-        updates = await process(self.app, event, sid, headers, client_ip)
+        update = await process(self.app, event, sid, headers, client_ip)
 
         # Emit the event.
-        for update in updates:
-            await self.emit(str(constants.SocketEvent.EVENT), update.json(), to=sid)  # type: ignore
+        await self.emit(str(constants.SocketEvent.EVENT), update.json(), to=sid)  # type: ignore
 
     async def on_ping(self, sid):
         """Event for testing the API endpoint.
diff --git a/pynecone/constants.py b/pynecone/constants.py
index 47ca09574..44ad25eea 100644
--- a/pynecone/constants.py
+++ b/pynecone/constants.py
@@ -106,6 +106,8 @@ STATE = "state"
 EVENTS = "events"
 # The name of the initial hydrate event.
 HYDRATE = "hydrate"
+# The name of the is_hydrated variable.
+IS_HYDRATED = "is_hydrated"
 # The name of the index page.
 INDEX_ROUTE = "index"
 # The name of the document root page.
diff --git a/pynecone/event.py b/pynecone/event.py
index 2ac73f9de..2ceac4c9c 100644
--- a/pynecone/event.py
+++ b/pynecone/event.py
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ class Event(Base):
     router_data: Dict[str, Any] = {}
 
     # The event payload.
-    payload: Dict[Any, Any] = {}
+    payload: Dict[str, Any] = {}
 
 
 class EventHandler(Base):
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ class EventSpec(Base):
     local_args: Tuple[Var, ...] = ()
 
     # The arguments to pass to the function.
-    args: Optional[Tuple[Tuple[Var, Var], ...]] = ()
+    args: Tuple[Tuple[Var, Var], ...] = ()
 
     # Whether to upload files.
     upload: bool = False
@@ -318,9 +318,7 @@ def call_event_fn(fn: Callable, arg: Var) -> List[EventSpec]:
     return events
 
 
-def get_handler_args(
-    event_spec: EventSpec, arg: Var
-) -> Optional[Tuple[Tuple[Var, Var], ...]]:
+def get_handler_args(event_spec: EventSpec, arg: Var) -> Tuple[Tuple[Var, Var], ...]:
     """Get the handler args for the given event spec.
 
     Args:
@@ -335,7 +333,7 @@ def get_handler_args(
     return (
         event_spec.args
         if len(args) > 2
-        else (((Var.create_safe(args[1]), arg),) if len(args) == 2 else None)
+        else (((Var.create_safe(args[1]), arg),) if len(args) == 2 else tuple())
     )
 
 
@@ -369,7 +367,7 @@ def fix_events(
             e = e()
         assert isinstance(e, EventSpec), f"Unexpected event type, {type(e)}."
         name = format.format_event_handler(e.handler)
-        payload = {k.name: v.name for k, v in e.args} if e.args else {}
+        payload = {k.name: v.name for k, v in e.args}
 
         # Create an event and append it to the list.
         out.append(
diff --git a/pynecone/middleware/hydrate_middleware.py b/pynecone/middleware/hydrate_middleware.py
index 0e7f091e8..779802a44 100644
--- a/pynecone/middleware/hydrate_middleware.py
+++ b/pynecone/middleware/hydrate_middleware.py
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 """Middleware to hydrate the state."""
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Dict, List, Optional, Union
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Optional
 
 from pynecone import constants
-from pynecone.event import Event, EventHandler, get_hydrate_event
+from pynecone.event import Event, fix_events, get_hydrate_event
 from pynecone.middleware.middleware import Middleware
 from pynecone.state import State, StateUpdate
 from pynecone.utils import format
@@ -13,10 +13,7 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from pynecone.app import App
 
 
-IS_HYDRATED = "is_hydrated"
-
-
-State.add_var(IS_HYDRATED, type_=bool, default_value=False)
+State.add_var(constants.IS_HYDRATED, type_=bool, default_value=False)
 
 
 class HydrateMiddleware(Middleware):
@@ -24,7 +21,7 @@ class HydrateMiddleware(Middleware):
 
     async def preprocess(
         self, app: App, state: State, event: Event
-    ) -> Optional[Union[StateUpdate, List[StateUpdate]]]:
+    ) -> Optional[StateUpdate]:
         """Preprocess the event.
 
         Args:
@@ -35,65 +32,19 @@ class HydrateMiddleware(Middleware):
         Returns:
             An optional delta or list of state updates to return.
         """
-        if event.name == get_hydrate_event(state):
-            route = event.router_data.get(constants.RouteVar.PATH, "")
-            if route == "/":
-                load_event = app.load_events.get(constants.INDEX_ROUTE)
-            elif route:
-                load_event = app.load_events.get(route.lstrip("/"))
-            else:
-                load_event = None
+        # If this is not the hydrate event, return None
+        if event.name != get_hydrate_event(state):
+            return None
 
-            updates = []
+        # Get the initial state.
+        delta = format.format_state({state.get_name(): state.dict()})
 
-            # first get the initial state
-            delta = format.format_state({state.get_name(): state.dict()})
-            if delta:
-                updates.append(StateUpdate(delta=delta))
+        # Get the route for on_load events.
+        route = event.router_data.get(constants.RouteVar.PATH, "")
 
-            # then apply changes from on_load event handlers on top of that
-            if load_event:
-                if not isinstance(load_event, List):
-                    load_event = [load_event]
-                for single_event in load_event:
-                    updates.append(
-                        await self.execute_load_event(
-                            state, single_event, event.token, event.payload
-                        )
-                    )
-            # extra message telling the client state that hydration is complete
-            updates.append(
-                StateUpdate(
-                    delta=format.format_state({state.get_name(): {IS_HYDRATED: True}})
-                )
-            )
+        # Add the on_load events and set is_hydrated to True.
+        events = [*app.get_load_events(route), type(state).set_is_hydrated(True)]  # type: ignore
+        events = fix_events(events, event.token)
 
-            return updates
-
-    async def execute_load_event(
-        self, state: State, load_event: EventHandler, token: str, payload: Dict
-    ) -> StateUpdate:
-        """Execute single load event.
-
-        Args:
-            state: The client state.
-            load_event: A single load event to execute.
-            token: Client token
-            payload: The event payload
-
-        Returns:
-            A state Update.
-
-        Raises:
-            ValueError: If the state value is None.
-        """
-        substate_path = format.format_event_handler(load_event).split(".")
-        ex_state = state.get_substate(substate_path[:-1])
-        if not ex_state:
-            raise ValueError(
-                "The value of state cannot be None when processing an on-load event."
-            )
-
-        return await state._process_event(
-            handler=load_event, state=ex_state, payload=payload, token=token
-        )
+        # Return the state update.
+        return StateUpdate(delta=delta, events=events)
diff --git a/pynecone/middleware/logging_middleware.py b/pynecone/middleware/logging_middleware.py
index 351364686..32e6b56af 100644
--- a/pynecone/middleware/logging_middleware.py
+++ b/pynecone/middleware/logging_middleware.py
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 
 from pynecone.event import Event
 from pynecone.middleware.middleware import Middleware
-from pynecone.state import Delta, State
+from pynecone.state import State, StateUpdate
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from pynecone.app import App
@@ -24,13 +24,15 @@ class LoggingMiddleware(Middleware):
         """
         print(f"Event {event}")
 
-    async def postprocess(self, app: App, state: State, event: Event, delta: Delta):
+    async def postprocess(
+        self, app: App, state: State, event: Event, update: StateUpdate
+    ):
         """Postprocess the event.
 
         Args:
             app: The app to apply the middleware to.
             state: The client state.
             event: The event to postprocess.
-            delta: The delta to postprocess.
+            update: The current state update.
         """
-        print(f"Delta {delta}")
+        print(f"Update {update}")
diff --git a/pynecone/middleware/middleware.py b/pynecone/middleware/middleware.py
index b7f792053..179b8b6dc 100644
--- a/pynecone/middleware/middleware.py
+++ b/pynecone/middleware/middleware.py
@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from abc import ABC
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, List, Optional, Union
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Optional
 
 from pynecone.base import Base
 from pynecone.event import Event
-from pynecone.state import Delta, State, StateUpdate
+from pynecone.state import State, StateUpdate
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from pynecone.app import App
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ class Middleware(Base, ABC):
 
     async def preprocess(
         self, app: App, state: State, event: Event
-    ) -> Optional[Union[StateUpdate, List[StateUpdate]]]:
+    ) -> Optional[StateUpdate]:
         """Preprocess the event.
 
         Args:
@@ -26,22 +26,22 @@ class Middleware(Base, ABC):
             event: The event to preprocess.
 
         Returns:
-            An optional state to return.
+            An optional state update to return.
         """
         return None
 
     async def postprocess(
-        self, app: App, state: State, event: Event, delta
-    ) -> Optional[Delta]:
+        self, app: App, state: State, event: Event, update: StateUpdate
+    ) -> StateUpdate:
         """Postprocess the event.
 
         Args:
             app: The app.
             state: The client state.
             event: The event to postprocess.
-            delta: The delta to postprocess.
+            update: The current state update.
 
         Returns:
             An optional state to return.
         """
-        return None
+        return update
diff --git a/pynecone/utils/format.py b/pynecone/utils/format.py
index d3fdf3786..cdb2ea780 100644
--- a/pynecone/utils/format.py
+++ b/pynecone/utils/format.py
@@ -286,20 +286,13 @@ def format_event(event_spec: EventSpec) -> str:
     Returns:
         The compiled event.
     """
-    args = (
-        ",".join(
-            [
-                ":".join(
-                    (
-                        name.name,
-                        json.dumps(val.name) if val.is_string else val.full_name,
-                    )
-                )
-                for name, val in event_spec.args
-            ]
-        )
-        if event_spec.args is not None
-        else ""
+    args = ",".join(
+        [
+            ":".join(
+                (name.name, json.dumps(val.name) if val.is_string else val.full_name)
+            )
+            for name, val in event_spec.args
+        ]
     )
     return f"E(\"{format_event_handler(event_spec.handler)}\", {wrap(args, '{')})"
 
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index bc4703369..ac97d6b9a 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [tool.poetry]
 name = "pynecone"
-version = "0.1.28"
+version = "0.1.29"
 description = "Web apps in pure Python."
 license = "Apache-2.0"
 authors = [
diff --git a/tests/middleware/test_hydrate_middleware.py b/tests/middleware/test_hydrate_middleware.py
index 0bc13de8e..8a43cbec7 100644
--- a/tests/middleware/test_hydrate_middleware.py
+++ b/tests/middleware/test_hydrate_middleware.py
@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
-from typing import Any, Dict, List
+from typing import Any, Dict
 
 import pytest
 
 from pynecone.app import App
-from pynecone.middleware.hydrate_middleware import IS_HYDRATED, HydrateMiddleware
-from pynecone.state import State
+from pynecone.constants import IS_HYDRATED
+from pynecone.middleware.hydrate_middleware import HydrateMiddleware
+from pynecone.state import State, StateUpdate
 
 
 def exp_is_hydrated(state: State) -> Dict[str, Any]:
@@ -16,7 +17,7 @@ def exp_is_hydrated(state: State) -> Dict[str, Any]:
     Returns:
         dict similar to that returned by `State.get_delta` with IS_HYDRATED: True
     """
-    return {state.get_name(): {IS_HYDRATED: True}}
+    return {state.get_name(): {IS_HYDRATED: "true"}}
 
 
 class TestState(State):
@@ -77,33 +78,41 @@ def hydrate_middleware() -> HydrateMiddleware:
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
-    "state, expected, event_fixture",
+    "State, expected, event_fixture",
     [
         (TestState, {"test_state": {"num": 1}}, "event1"),
         (TestState2, {"test_state2": {"num": 1}}, "event2"),
         (TestState3, {"test_state3": {"num": 1}}, "event3"),
     ],
 )
-async def test_preprocess(state, hydrate_middleware, request, event_fixture, expected):
+async def test_preprocess(State, hydrate_middleware, request, event_fixture, expected):
     """Test that a state hydrate event is processed correctly.
 
     Args:
-        state: state to process event
+        State: state to process event
         hydrate_middleware: instance of HydrateMiddleware
         request: pytest fixture request
         event_fixture: The event fixture(an Event)
         expected: expected delta
     """
-    app = App(state=state, load_events={"index": state.test_handler})
+    app = App(state=State, load_events={"index": [State.test_handler]})
+    state = State()
 
-    result = await hydrate_middleware.preprocess(
-        app=app, event=request.getfixturevalue(event_fixture), state=state()
+    update = await hydrate_middleware.preprocess(
+        app=app, event=request.getfixturevalue(event_fixture), state=state
     )
-    assert isinstance(result, List)
-    assert len(result) == 3
-    assert result[0].delta == {state().get_name(): state().dict()}
-    assert result[1].delta == expected
-    assert result[2].delta == exp_is_hydrated(state())
+    assert isinstance(update, StateUpdate)
+    assert update.delta == {state.get_name(): state.dict()}
+    events = update.events
+    assert len(events) == 2
+
+    # Apply the on_load event.
+    update = await state._process(events[0])
+    assert update.delta == expected
+
+    # Apply the hydrate event.
+    update = await state._process(events[1])
+    assert update.delta == exp_is_hydrated(state)
 
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
@@ -118,16 +127,23 @@ async def test_preprocess_multiple_load_events(hydrate_middleware, event1):
         state=TestState,
         load_events={"index": [TestState.test_handler, TestState.test_handler]},
     )
+    state = TestState()
 
-    result = await hydrate_middleware.preprocess(
-        app=app, event=event1, state=TestState()
-    )
-    assert isinstance(result, List)
-    assert len(result) == 4
-    assert result[0].delta == {"test_state": TestState().dict()}
-    assert result[1].delta == {"test_state": {"num": 1}}
-    assert result[2].delta == {"test_state": {"num": 2}}
-    assert result[3].delta == exp_is_hydrated(TestState())
+    update = await hydrate_middleware.preprocess(app=app, event=event1, state=state)
+    assert isinstance(update, StateUpdate)
+    assert update.delta == {"test_state": state.dict()}
+    assert len(update.events) == 3
+
+    # Apply the events.
+    events = update.events
+    update = await state._process(events[0])
+    assert update.delta == {"test_state": {"num": 1}}
+
+    update = await state._process(events[1])
+    assert update.delta == {"test_state": {"num": 2}}
+
+    update = await state._process(events[2])
+    assert update.delta == exp_is_hydrated(state)
 
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
@@ -138,12 +154,16 @@ async def test_preprocess_no_events(hydrate_middleware, event1):
         hydrate_middleware: instance of HydrateMiddleware
         event1: an Event.
     """
-    result = await hydrate_middleware.preprocess(
+    state = TestState()
+    update = await hydrate_middleware.preprocess(
         app=App(state=TestState),
         event=event1,
-        state=TestState(),
+        state=state,
     )
-    assert isinstance(result, List)
-    assert len(result) == 2
-    assert result[0].delta == {"test_state": TestState().dict()}
-    assert result[1].delta == exp_is_hydrated(TestState())
+    assert isinstance(update, StateUpdate)
+    assert update.delta == {"test_state": state.dict()}
+    assert len(update.events) == 1
+    assert isinstance(update, StateUpdate)
+
+    update = await state._process(update.events[0])
+    assert update.delta == exp_is_hydrated(state)
diff --git a/tests/test_state.py b/tests/test_state.py
index 9fcbd3884..7523130f1 100644
--- a/tests/test_state.py
+++ b/tests/test_state.py
@@ -4,9 +4,8 @@ import pytest
 from plotly.graph_objects import Figure
 
 from pynecone.base import Base
-from pynecone.constants import RouteVar
+from pynecone.constants import IS_HYDRATED, RouteVar
 from pynecone.event import Event, EventHandler
-from pynecone.middleware.hydrate_middleware import IS_HYDRATED
 from pynecone.state import State
 from pynecone.utils import format
 from pynecone.var import BaseVar, ComputedVar