Merge branch 'main' into maintenance/removing_deprecated_features

.github/workflows/integration_tests.yml

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ env:
   PR_TITLE: ${{ github.event.pull_request.title }}
 
 jobs:
-  example-counter:
+  example-counter-and-nba-proxy:
     env:
       OUTPUT_FILE: import_benchmark.json
     timeout-minutes: 30
@@ -114,6 +114,26 @@ jobs:
           --benchmark-json "./reflex-examples/counter/${{ env.OUTPUT_FILE }}"
           --branch-name "${{ github.head_ref || github.ref_name }}" --pr-id "${{ github.event.pull_request.id }}"
           --app-name "counter"
+      - name: Install requirements for nba proxy example
+        working-directory: ./reflex-examples/nba-proxy
+        run: |
+          poetry run uv pip install -r requirements.txt
+      - name: Install additional dependencies for DB access
+        run: poetry run uv pip install psycopg
+      - name: Check export --backend-only before init for nba-proxy example
+        working-directory: ./reflex-examples/nba-proxy
+        run: |
+          poetry run reflex export --backend-only
+      - name: Init Website for nba-proxy example
+        working-directory: ./reflex-examples/nba-proxy
+        run: |
+          poetry run reflex init --loglevel debug
+      - name: Run Website and Check for errors
+        run: |
+          # Check that npm is home
+          npm -v
+          poetry run bash scripts/integration.sh ./reflex-examples/nba-proxy dev
+
 
   reflex-web:
     strategy:

pyproject.toml

@@ -85,8 +85,8 @@ build-backend = "poetry.core.masonry.api"
 target-version = "py39"
 output-format = "concise"
 lint.isort.split-on-trailing-comma = false
-lint.select = ["B", "C4", "D", "E", "ERA", "F", "FURB", "I", "PERF", "PTH", "RUF", "SIM", "T", "W"]
+lint.select = ["B", "C4", "D", "E", "ERA", "F", "FURB", "I", "PERF", "PTH", "RUF", "SIM", "T", "TRY", "W"]
-lint.ignore = ["B008", "D205", "E501", "F403", "SIM115", "RUF006", "RUF012"]
+lint.ignore = ["B008", "D205", "E501", "F403", "SIM115", "RUF006", "RUF012", "TRY0"]
 lint.pydocstyle.convention = "google"
 
 [tool.ruff.lint.per-file-ignores]

reflex/.templates/web/utils/state.js

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import axios from "axios";
 import io from "socket.io-client";
 import JSON5 from "json5";
 import env from "$/env.json";
+import reflexEnvironment from "$/reflex.json";
 import Cookies from "universal-cookie";
 import { useEffect, useRef, useState } from "react";
 import Router, { useRouter } from "next/router";
@@ -407,6 +408,7 @@ export const connect = async (
   socket.current = io(endpoint.href, {
     path: endpoint["pathname"],
     transports: transports,
+    protocols: env.TEST_MODE ? undefined : [reflexEnvironment.version],
     autoUnref: false,
   });
   // Ensure undefined fields in events are sent as null instead of removed

reflex/app.py

@@ -463,14 +463,8 @@ class App(MiddlewareMixin, LifespanMixin):
 
         Returns:
             The generated component.
-
-        Raises:
-            exceptions.MatchTypeError: If the return types of match cases in rx.match are different.
         """
-        try:
+        return component if isinstance(component, Component) else component()
-            return component if isinstance(component, Component) else component()
-        except exceptions.MatchTypeError:
-            raise
 
     def add_page(
         self,
@@ -564,11 +558,12 @@ class App(MiddlewareMixin, LifespanMixin):
             meta=meta,
         )
 
-    def _compile_page(self, route: str):
+    def _compile_page(self, route: str, save_page: bool = True):
         """Compile a page.
 
         Args:
             route: The route of the page to compile.
+            save_page: If True, the compiled page is saved to self.pages.
         """
         component, enable_state = compiler.compile_unevaluated_page(
             route, self.unevaluated_pages[route], self.state, self.style, self.theme
@@ -579,7 +574,8 @@ class App(MiddlewareMixin, LifespanMixin):
 
         # Add the page.
         self._check_routes_conflict(route)
-        self.pages[route] = component
+        if save_page:
+            self.pages[route] = component
 
     def get_load_events(self, route: str) -> list[IndividualEventType[[], Any]]:
         """Get the load events for a route.
@@ -879,14 +875,16 @@ class App(MiddlewareMixin, LifespanMixin):
             # If a theme component was provided, wrap the app with it
             app_wrappers[(20, "Theme")] = self.theme
 
+        should_compile = self._should_compile()
+
         for route in self.unevaluated_pages:
             console.debug(f"Evaluating page: {route}")
-            self._compile_page(route)
+            self._compile_page(route, save_page=should_compile)
 
         # Add the optional endpoints (_upload)
         self._add_optional_endpoints()
 
-        if not self._should_compile():
+        if not should_compile:
             return
 
         self._validate_var_dependencies()
@@ -1530,7 +1528,11 @@ class EventNamespace(AsyncNamespace):
             sid: The Socket.IO session id.
             environ: The request information, including HTTP headers.
         """
-        pass
+        subprotocol = environ.get("HTTP_SEC_WEBSOCKET_PROTOCOL", None)
+        if subprotocol and subprotocol != constants.Reflex.VERSION:
+            console.warn(
+                f"Frontend version {subprotocol} for session {sid} does not match the backend version {constants.Reflex.VERSION}."
+            )
 
     def on_disconnect(self, sid):
         """Event for when the websocket disconnects.
@@ -1563,10 +1565,36 @@ class EventNamespace(AsyncNamespace):
         Args:
             sid: The Socket.IO session id.
             data: The event data.
+
+        Raises:
+            EventDeserializationError: If the event data is not a dictionary.
         """
         fields = data
-        # Get the event.
+
-        event = Event(**{k: v for k, v in fields.items() if k in _EVENT_FIELDS})
+        if isinstance(fields, str):
+            console.warn(
+                "Received event data as a string. This generally should not happen and may indicate a bug."
+                f" Event data: {fields}"
+            )
+            try:
+                fields = json.loads(fields)
+            except json.JSONDecodeError as ex:
+                raise exceptions.EventDeserializationError(
+                    f"Failed to deserialize event data: {fields}."
+                ) from ex
+
+        if not isinstance(fields, dict):
+            raise exceptions.EventDeserializationError(
+                f"Event data must be a dictionary, but received {fields} of type {type(fields)}."
+            )
+
+        try:
+            # Get the event.
+            event = Event(**{k: v for k, v in fields.items() if k in _EVENT_FIELDS})
+        except (TypeError, ValueError) as ex:
+            raise exceptions.EventDeserializationError(
+                f"Failed to deserialize event data: {fields}."
+            ) from ex
 
         self.token_to_sid[event.token] = sid
         self.sid_to_token[sid] = event.token

reflex/app_module_for_backend.py

@@ -7,14 +7,13 @@ from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
 from reflex import constants
 from reflex.utils import telemetry
 from reflex.utils.exec import is_prod_mode
-from reflex.utils.prerequisites import get_app
+from reflex.utils.prerequisites import get_and_validate_app
 
 if constants.CompileVars.APP != "app":
     raise AssertionError("unexpected variable name for 'app'")
 
 telemetry.send("compile")
-app_module = get_app(reload=False)
+app, app_module = get_and_validate_app(reload=False)
-app = getattr(app_module, constants.CompileVars.APP)
 # For py3.9 compatibility when redis is used, we MUST add any decorator pages
 # before compiling the app in a thread to avoid event loop error (REF-2172).
 app._apply_decorated_pages()
@@ -30,7 +29,7 @@ if is_prod_mode():
 # ensure only "app" is exposed.
 del app_module
 del compile_future
-del get_app
+del get_and_validate_app
 del is_prod_mode
 del telemetry
 del constants

reflex/components/component.py

@@ -426,20 +426,22 @@ class Component(BaseComponent, ABC):
             else:
                 continue
 
+            def determine_key(value):
+                # Try to create a var from the value
+                key = value if isinstance(value, Var) else LiteralVar.create(value)
+
+                # Check that the var type is not None.
+                if key is None:
+                    raise TypeError
+
+                return key
+
             # Check whether the key is a component prop.
             if types._issubclass(field_type, Var):
                 # Used to store the passed types if var type is a union.
                 passed_types = None
                 try:
-                    # Try to create a var from the value.
+                    kwargs[key] = determine_key(value)
-                    if isinstance(value, Var):
-                        kwargs[key] = value
-                    else:
-                        kwargs[key] = LiteralVar.create(value)
-
-                    # Check that the var type is not None.
-                    if kwargs[key] is None:
-                        raise TypeError
 
                     expected_type = fields[key].outer_type_.__args__[0]
                     # validate literal fields.
@@ -702,22 +704,21 @@ class Component(BaseComponent, ABC):
         # Import here to avoid circular imports.
         from reflex.components.base.bare import Bare
         from reflex.components.base.fragment import Fragment
-        from reflex.utils.exceptions import ComponentTypeError
+        from reflex.utils.exceptions import ChildrenTypeError
 
         # Filter out None props
         props = {key: value for key, value in props.items() if value is not None}
 
         def validate_children(children):
             for child in children:
-                if isinstance(child, tuple):
+                if isinstance(child, (tuple, list)):
                     validate_children(child)
+
                 # Make sure the child is a valid type.
-                if not types._isinstance(child, ComponentChild):
+                if isinstance(child, dict) or not types._isinstance(
-                    raise ComponentTypeError(
+                    child, ComponentChild
-                        "Children of Reflex components must be other components, "
+                ):
-                        "state vars, or primitive Python types. "
+                    raise ChildrenTypeError(component=cls.__name__, child=child)
-                        f"Got child {child} of type {type(child)}.",
-                    )
 
         # Validate all the children.
         validate_children(children)

reflex/components/lucide/icon.py

@@ -2,13 +2,15 @@
 
 from reflex.components.component import Component
 from reflex.utils import format
-from reflex.vars.base import Var
+from reflex.utils.imports import ImportVar
+from reflex.vars.base import LiteralVar, Var
+from reflex.vars.sequence import LiteralStringVar
 
 
 class LucideIconComponent(Component):
     """Lucide Icon Component."""
 
-    library = "lucide-react@0.469.0"
+    library = "lucide-react@0.471.1"
 
 
 class Icon(LucideIconComponent):
@@ -32,6 +34,7 @@ class Icon(LucideIconComponent):
         Raises:
             AttributeError: The errors tied to bad usage of the Icon component.
             ValueError: If the icon tag is invalid.
+            TypeError: If the icon name is not a string.
 
         Returns:
             The created component.
@@ -39,7 +42,6 @@ class Icon(LucideIconComponent):
         if children:
             if len(children) == 1 and isinstance(children[0], str):
                 props["tag"] = children[0]
-                children = []
             else:
                 raise AttributeError(
                     f"Passing multiple children to Icon component is not allowed: remove positional arguments {children[1:]} to fix"
@@ -47,24 +49,46 @@ class Icon(LucideIconComponent):
         if "tag" not in props:
             raise AttributeError("Missing 'tag' keyword-argument for Icon")
 
+        tag: str | Var | LiteralVar = props.pop("tag")
+        if isinstance(tag, LiteralVar):
+            if isinstance(tag, LiteralStringVar):
+                tag = tag._var_value
+            else:
+                raise TypeError(f"Icon name must be a string, got {type(tag)}")
+        elif isinstance(tag, Var):
+            return DynamicIcon.create(name=tag, **props)
+
         if (
-            not isinstance(props["tag"], str)
+            not isinstance(tag, str)
-            or format.to_snake_case(props["tag"]) not in LUCIDE_ICON_LIST
+            or format.to_snake_case(tag) not in LUCIDE_ICON_LIST
         ):
             raise ValueError(
-                f"Invalid icon tag: {props['tag']}. Please use one of the following: {', '.join(LUCIDE_ICON_LIST[0:25])}, ..."
+                f"Invalid icon tag: {tag}. Please use one of the following: {', '.join(LUCIDE_ICON_LIST[0:25])}, ..."
                 "\nSee full list at https://lucide.dev/icons."
             )
 
-        if props["tag"] in LUCIDE_ICON_MAPPING_OVERRIDE:
+        if tag in LUCIDE_ICON_MAPPING_OVERRIDE:
-            props["tag"] = LUCIDE_ICON_MAPPING_OVERRIDE[props["tag"]]
+            props["tag"] = LUCIDE_ICON_MAPPING_OVERRIDE[tag]
         else:
-            props["tag"] = (
+            props["tag"] = format.to_title_case(format.to_snake_case(tag)) + "Icon"
-                format.to_title_case(format.to_snake_case(props["tag"])) + "Icon"
-            )
         props["alias"] = f"Lucide{props['tag']}"
         props.setdefault("color", "var(--current-color)")
-        return super().create(*children, **props)
+        return super().create(**props)
+
+
+class DynamicIcon(LucideIconComponent):
+    """A DynamicIcon component."""
+
+    tag = "DynamicIcon"
+
+    name: Var[str]
+
+    def _get_imports(self):
+        _imports = super()._get_imports()
+        if self.library:
+            _imports.pop(self.library)
+        _imports["lucide-react/dynamic"] = [ImportVar("DynamicIcon", install=False)]
+        return _imports
 
 
 LUCIDE_ICON_LIST = [
@@ -846,6 +870,7 @@ LUCIDE_ICON_LIST = [
     "house",
     "house_plug",
     "house_plus",
+    "house_wifi",
     "ice_cream_bowl",
     "ice_cream_cone",
     "id_card",
@@ -1534,6 +1559,7 @@ LUCIDE_ICON_LIST = [
     "trending_up_down",
     "triangle",
     "triangle_alert",
+    "triangle_dashed",
     "triangle_right",
     "trophy",
     "truck",

reflex/components/lucide/icon.pyi

@@ -104,12 +104,60 @@ class Icon(LucideIconComponent):
         Raises:
             AttributeError: The errors tied to bad usage of the Icon component.
             ValueError: If the icon tag is invalid.
+            TypeError: If the icon name is not a string.
 
         Returns:
             The created component.
         """
         ...
 
+class DynamicIcon(LucideIconComponent):
+    @overload
+    @classmethod
+    def create(  # type: ignore
+        cls,
+        *children,
+        name: Optional[Union[Var[str], str]] = None,
+        style: Optional[Style] = None,
+        key: Optional[Any] = None,
+        id: Optional[Any] = None,
+        class_name: Optional[Any] = None,
+        autofocus: Optional[bool] = None,
+        custom_attrs: Optional[Dict[str, Union[Var, Any]]] = None,
+        on_blur: Optional[EventType[[], BASE_STATE]] = None,
+        on_click: Optional[EventType[[], BASE_STATE]] = None,
+        on_context_menu: Optional[EventType[[], BASE_STATE]] = None,
+        on_double_click: Optional[EventType[[], BASE_STATE]] = None,
+        on_focus: Optional[EventType[[], BASE_STATE]] = None,
+        on_mount: Optional[EventType[[], BASE_STATE]] = None,
+        on_mouse_down: Optional[EventType[[], BASE_STATE]] = None,
+        on_mouse_enter: Optional[EventType[[], BASE_STATE]] = None,
+        on_mouse_leave: Optional[EventType[[], BASE_STATE]] = None,
+        on_mouse_move: Optional[EventType[[], BASE_STATE]] = None,
+        on_mouse_out: Optional[EventType[[], BASE_STATE]] = None,
+        on_mouse_over: Optional[EventType[[], BASE_STATE]] = None,
+        on_mouse_up: Optional[EventType[[], BASE_STATE]] = None,
+        on_scroll: Optional[EventType[[], BASE_STATE]] = None,
+        on_unmount: Optional[EventType[[], BASE_STATE]] = None,
+        **props,
+    ) -> "DynamicIcon":
+        """Create the component.
+
+        Args:
+            *children: The children of the component.
+            style: The style of the component.
+            key: A unique key for the component.
+            id: The id for the component.
+            class_name: The class name for the component.
+            autofocus: Whether the component should take the focus once the page is loaded
+            custom_attrs: custom attribute
+            **props: The props of the component.
+
+        Returns:
+            The component.
+        """
+        ...
+
 LUCIDE_ICON_LIST = [
     "a_arrow_down",
     "a_arrow_up",
@@ -889,6 +937,7 @@ LUCIDE_ICON_LIST = [
     "house",
     "house_plug",
     "house_plus",
+    "house_wifi",
     "ice_cream_bowl",
     "ice_cream_cone",
     "id_card",
@@ -1577,6 +1626,7 @@ LUCIDE_ICON_LIST = [
     "trending_up_down",
     "triangle",
     "triangle_alert",
+    "triangle_dashed",
     "triangle_right",
     "trophy",
     "truck",

reflex/config.py

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import threading
 import urllib.parse
 from importlib.util import find_spec
 from pathlib import Path
+from types import ModuleType
 from typing import (
     TYPE_CHECKING,
     Any,
@@ -607,6 +608,9 @@ class Config(Base):
     # The name of the app (should match the name of the app directory).
     app_name: str
 
+    # The path to the app module.
+    app_module_import: Optional[str] = None
+
     # The log level to use.
     loglevel: constants.LogLevel = constants.LogLevel.DEFAULT
 
@@ -729,6 +733,19 @@ class Config(Base):
                 "REDIS_URL is required when using the redis state manager."
             )
 
+    @property
+    def app_module(self) -> ModuleType | None:
+        """Return the app module if `app_module_import` is set.
+
+        Returns:
+            The app module.
+        """
+        return (
+            importlib.import_module(self.app_module_import)
+            if self.app_module_import
+            else None
+        )
+
     @property
     def module(self) -> str:
         """Get the module name of the app.
@@ -736,6 +753,8 @@ class Config(Base):
         Returns:
             The module name.
         """
+        if self.app_module is not None:
+            return self.app_module.__name__
         return ".".join([self.app_name, self.app_name])
 
     def update_from_env(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
@@ -874,7 +893,7 @@ def get_config(reload: bool = False) -> Config:
             return cached_rxconfig.config
 
     with _config_lock:
-        sys_path = sys.path.copy()
+        orig_sys_path = sys.path.copy()
         sys.path.clear()
         sys.path.append(str(Path.cwd()))
         try:
@@ -882,9 +901,14 @@ def get_config(reload: bool = False) -> Config:
             return _get_config()
         except Exception:
             # If the module import fails, try to import with the original sys.path.
-            sys.path.extend(sys_path)
+            sys.path.extend(orig_sys_path)
             return _get_config()
         finally:
+            # Find any entries added to sys.path by rxconfig.py itself.
+            extra_paths = [
+                p for p in sys.path if p not in orig_sys_path and p != str(Path.cwd())
+            ]
             # Restore the original sys.path.
             sys.path.clear()
-            sys.path.extend(sys_path)
+            sys.path.extend(extra_paths)
+            sys.path.extend(orig_sys_path)

reflex/constants/__init__.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """The constants package."""
 
 from .base import (
+    APP_HARNESS_FLAG,
     COOKIES,
     IS_LINUX,
     IS_MACOS,

reflex/constants/base.py

@@ -257,6 +257,7 @@ SESSION_STORAGE = "session_storage"
 # Testing variables.
 # Testing os env set by pytest when running a test case.
 PYTEST_CURRENT_TEST = "PYTEST_CURRENT_TEST"
+APP_HARNESS_FLAG = "APP_HARNESS_FLAG"
 
 REFLEX_VAR_OPENING_TAG = "<reflex.Var>"
 REFLEX_VAR_CLOSING_TAG = "</reflex.Var>"

reflex/custom_components/custom_components.py

@@ -421,12 +421,13 @@ def _run_commands_in_subprocess(cmds: list[str]) -> bool:
     console.debug(f"Running command: {' '.join(cmds)}")
     try:
         result = subprocess.run(cmds, capture_output=True, text=True, check=True)
-        console.debug(result.stdout)
-        return True
     except subprocess.CalledProcessError as cpe:
         console.error(cpe.stdout)
         console.error(cpe.stderr)
         return False
+    else:
+        console.debug(result.stdout)
+        return True
 
 
 def _make_pyi_files():
@@ -931,10 +932,11 @@ def _get_file_from_prompt_in_loop() -> Tuple[bytes, str] | None:
         file_extension = image_filepath.suffix
         try:
             image_file = image_filepath.read_bytes()
-            return image_file, file_extension
         except OSError as ose:
             console.error(f"Unable to read the {file_extension} file due to {ose}")
             raise typer.Exit(code=1) from ose
+        else:
+            return image_file, file_extension
 
     console.debug(f"File extension detected: {file_extension}")
     return None

reflex/event.py

@@ -1534,7 +1534,7 @@ def get_handler_args(
 
 
 def fix_events(
-    events: list[EventHandler | EventSpec] | None,
+    events: list[EventSpec | EventHandler] | None,
     token: str,
     router_data: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
 ) -> list[Event]:

reflex/reflex.py

@@ -440,7 +440,11 @@ def deploy(
         config.app_name,
         "--app-name",
         help="The name of the App to deploy under.",
-        hidden=True,
+    ),
+    app_id: str = typer.Option(
+        None,
+        "--app-id",
+        help="The ID of the App to deploy over.",
     ),
     regions: List[str] = typer.Option(
         [],
@@ -480,6 +484,11 @@ def deploy(
         "--project",
         help="project id to deploy to",
     ),
+    project_name: Optional[str] = typer.Option(
+        None,
+        "--project-name",
+        help="The name of the project to deploy to.",
+    ),
     token: Optional[str] = typer.Option(
         None,
         "--token",
@@ -503,13 +512,6 @@ def deploy(
     # Set the log level.
     console.set_log_level(loglevel)
 
-    if not token:
-        # make sure user is logged in.
-        if interactive:
-            hosting_cli.login()
-        else:
-            raise SystemExit("Token is required for non-interactive mode.")
-
     # Only check requirements if interactive.
     # There is user interaction for requirements update.
     if interactive:
@@ -526,6 +528,7 @@ def deploy(
 
     hosting_cli.deploy(
         app_name=app_name,
+        app_id=app_id,
         export_fn=lambda zip_dest_dir,
         api_url,
         deploy_url,
@@ -549,6 +552,8 @@ def deploy(
         loglevel=type(loglevel).INFO,  # type: ignore
         token=token,
         project=project,
+        config_path=config_path,
+        project_name=project_name,
         **extra,
     )
 

reflex/state.py

@@ -1773,9 +1773,9 @@ class BaseState(Base, ABC, extra=pydantic.Extra.allow):
         except Exception as ex:
             state._clean()
 
-            app_instance = getattr(prerequisites.get_app(), constants.CompileVars.APP)
+            event_specs = (
-
+                prerequisites.get_and_validate_app().app.backend_exception_handler(ex)
-            event_specs = app_instance.backend_exception_handler(ex)
+            )
 
             if event_specs is None:
                 return StateUpdate()
@@ -1885,9 +1885,9 @@ class BaseState(Base, ABC, extra=pydantic.Extra.allow):
         except Exception as ex:
             telemetry.send_error(ex, context="backend")
 
-            app_instance = getattr(prerequisites.get_app(), constants.CompileVars.APP)
+            event_specs = (
-
+                prerequisites.get_and_validate_app().app.backend_exception_handler(ex)
-            event_specs = app_instance.backend_exception_handler(ex)
+            )
 
             yield state._as_state_update(
                 handler,
@@ -2400,8 +2400,9 @@ class FrontendEventExceptionState(State):
             component_stack: The stack trace of the component where the exception occurred.
 
         """
-        app_instance = getattr(prerequisites.get_app(), constants.CompileVars.APP)
+        prerequisites.get_and_validate_app().app.frontend_exception_handler(
-        app_instance.frontend_exception_handler(Exception(stack))
+            Exception(stack)
+        )
 
 
 class UpdateVarsInternalState(State):
@@ -2439,15 +2440,16 @@ class OnLoadInternalState(State):
             The list of events to queue for on load handling.
         """
         # Do not app._compile()!  It should be already compiled by now.
-        app = getattr(prerequisites.get_app(), constants.CompileVars.APP)
+        load_events = prerequisites.get_and_validate_app().app.get_load_events(
-        load_events = app.get_load_events(self.router.page.path)
+            self.router.page.path
+        )
         if not load_events:
             self.is_hydrated = True
             return  # Fast path for navigation with no on_load events defined.
         self.is_hydrated = False
         return [
             *fix_events(
-                load_events,
+                cast(list[Union[EventSpec, EventHandler]], load_events),
                 self.router.session.client_token,
                 router_data=self.router_data,
             ),
@@ -2606,7 +2608,7 @@ class StateProxy(wrapt.ObjectProxy):
         """
         super().__init__(state_instance)
         # compile is not relevant to backend logic
-        self._self_app = getattr(prerequisites.get_app(), constants.CompileVars.APP)
+        self._self_app = prerequisites.get_and_validate_app().app
         self._self_substate_path = tuple(state_instance.get_full_name().split("."))
         self._self_actx = None
         self._self_mutable = False
@@ -3699,8 +3701,7 @@ def get_state_manager() -> StateManager:
     Returns:
         The state manager.
     """
-    app = getattr(prerequisites.get_app(), constants.CompileVars.APP)
+    return prerequisites.get_and_validate_app().app.state_manager
-    return app.state_manager
 
 
 class MutableProxy(wrapt.ObjectProxy):

reflex/testing.py

@@ -282,6 +282,7 @@ class AppHarness:
             before_decorated_pages = reflex.app.DECORATED_PAGES[self.app_name].copy()
             # Ensure the AppHarness test does not skip State assignment due to running via pytest
             os.environ.pop(reflex.constants.PYTEST_CURRENT_TEST, None)
+            os.environ[reflex.constants.APP_HARNESS_FLAG] = "true"
             self.app_module = reflex.utils.prerequisites.get_compiled_app(
                 # Do not reload the module for pre-existing apps (only apps generated from source)
                 reload=self.app_source is not None

reflex/utils/build.py

@@ -13,13 +13,17 @@ from rich.progress import MofNCompleteColumn, Progress, TimeElapsedColumn
 from reflex import constants
 from reflex.config import get_config
 from reflex.utils import console, path_ops, prerequisites, processes
+from reflex.utils.exec import is_in_app_harness
 
 
 def set_env_json():
     """Write the upload url to a REFLEX_JSON."""
     path_ops.update_json_file(
         str(prerequisites.get_web_dir() / constants.Dirs.ENV_JSON),
-        {endpoint.name: endpoint.get_url() for endpoint in constants.Endpoint},
+        {
+            **{endpoint.name: endpoint.get_url() for endpoint in constants.Endpoint},
+            "TEST_MODE": is_in_app_harness(),
+        },
     )
 
 

reflex/utils/exceptions.py

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 """Custom Exceptions."""
 
+from typing import Any
+
 
 class ReflexError(Exception):
     """Base exception for all Reflex exceptions."""
@@ -29,6 +31,22 @@ class ComponentTypeError(ReflexError, TypeError):
     """Custom TypeError for component related errors."""
 
 
+class ChildrenTypeError(ComponentTypeError):
+    """Raised when the children prop of a component is not a valid type."""
+
+    def __init__(self, component: str, child: Any):
+        """Initialize the exception.
+
+        Args:
+            component: The name of the component.
+            child: The child that caused the error.
+        """
+        super().__init__(
+            f"Component {component} received child {child} of type {type(child)}. "
+            "Accepted types are other components, state vars, or primitive Python types (dict excluded)."
+        )
+
+
 class EventHandlerTypeError(ReflexError, TypeError):
     """Custom TypeError for event handler related errors."""
 
@@ -209,6 +227,10 @@ class SystemPackageMissingError(ReflexError):
         )
 
 
+class EventDeserializationError(ReflexError, ValueError):
+    """Raised when an event cannot be deserialized."""
+
+
 class InvalidLockWarningThresholdError(ReflexError):
     """Raised when an invalid lock warning threshold is provided."""
 

reflex/utils/exec.py

@@ -240,6 +240,28 @@ def run_backend(
         run_uvicorn_backend(host, port, loglevel)
 
 
+def get_reload_dirs() -> list[str]:
+    """Get the reload directories for the backend.
+
+    Returns:
+        The reload directories for the backend.
+    """
+    config = get_config()
+    reload_dirs = [config.app_name]
+    if config.app_module is not None and config.app_module.__file__:
+        module_path = Path(config.app_module.__file__).resolve().parent
+        while module_path.parent.name:
+            for parent_file in module_path.parent.iterdir():
+                if parent_file == "__init__.py":
+                    # go up a level to find dir without `__init__.py`
+                    module_path = module_path.parent
+                    break
+            else:
+                break
+        reload_dirs.append(str(module_path))
+    return reload_dirs
+
+
 def run_uvicorn_backend(host, port, loglevel: LogLevel):
     """Run the backend in development mode using Uvicorn.
 
@@ -256,7 +278,7 @@ def run_uvicorn_backend(host, port, loglevel: LogLevel):
         port=port,
         log_level=loglevel.value,
         reload=True,
-        reload_dirs=[get_config().app_name],
+        reload_dirs=get_reload_dirs(),
     )
 
 
@@ -281,7 +303,7 @@ def run_granian_backend(host, port, loglevel: LogLevel):
             interface=Interfaces.ASGI,
             log_level=LogLevels(loglevel.value),
             reload=True,
-            reload_paths=[Path(get_config().app_name)],
+            reload_paths=get_reload_dirs(),
             reload_ignore_dirs=[".web"],
         ).serve()
     except ImportError:
@@ -487,6 +509,15 @@ def is_testing_env() -> bool:
     return constants.PYTEST_CURRENT_TEST in os.environ
 
 
+def is_in_app_harness() -> bool:
+    """Whether the app is running in the app harness.
+
+    Returns:
+        True if the app is running in the app harness.
+    """
+    return constants.APP_HARNESS_FLAG in os.environ
+
+
 def is_prod_mode() -> bool:
     """Check if the app is running in production mode.
 

reflex/utils/prerequisites.py

@@ -17,11 +17,12 @@ import stat
 import sys
 import tempfile
 import time
+import typing
 import zipfile
 from datetime import datetime
 from pathlib import Path
 from types import ModuleType
-from typing import Callable, List, Optional
+from typing import Callable, List, NamedTuple, Optional
 
 import httpx
 import typer
@@ -42,9 +43,19 @@ from reflex.utils.exceptions import (
 from reflex.utils.format import format_library_name
 from reflex.utils.registry import _get_npm_registry
 
+if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from reflex.app import App
+
 CURRENTLY_INSTALLING_NODE = False
 
 
+class AppInfo(NamedTuple):
+    """A tuple containing the app instance and module."""
+
+    app: App
+    module: ModuleType
+
+
 @dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True)
 class Template:
     """A template for a Reflex app."""
@@ -253,6 +264,22 @@ def windows_npm_escape_hatch() -> bool:
     return environment.REFLEX_USE_NPM.get()
 
 
+def _check_app_name(config: Config):
+    """Check if the app name is set in the config.
+
+    Args:
+        config: The config object.
+
+    Raises:
+        RuntimeError: If the app name is not set in the config.
+    """
+    if not config.app_name:
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            "Cannot get the app module because `app_name` is not set in rxconfig! "
+            "If this error occurs in a reflex test case, ensure that `get_app` is mocked."
+        )
+
+
 def get_app(reload: bool = False) -> ModuleType:
     """Get the app module based on the default config.
 
@@ -263,22 +290,23 @@ def get_app(reload: bool = False) -> ModuleType:
         The app based on the default config.
 
     Raises:
-        RuntimeError: If the app name is not set in the config.
+        Exception: If an error occurs while getting the app module.
     """
     from reflex.utils import telemetry
 
     try:
         environment.RELOAD_CONFIG.set(reload)
         config = get_config()
-        if not config.app_name:
+
-            raise RuntimeError(
+        _check_app_name(config)
-                "Cannot get the app module because `app_name` is not set in rxconfig! "
+
-                "If this error occurs in a reflex test case, ensure that `get_app` is mocked."
-            )
         module = config.module
         sys.path.insert(0, str(Path.cwd()))
-        app = __import__(module, fromlist=(constants.CompileVars.APP,))
+        app = (
-
+            __import__(module, fromlist=(constants.CompileVars.APP,))
+            if not config.app_module
+            else config.app_module
+        )
         if reload:
             from reflex.state import reload_state_module
 
@@ -287,11 +315,34 @@ def get_app(reload: bool = False) -> ModuleType:
 
             # Reload the app module.
             importlib.reload(app)
-
-        return app
     except Exception as ex:
         telemetry.send_error(ex, context="frontend")
         raise
+    else:
+        return app
+
+
+def get_and_validate_app(reload: bool = False) -> AppInfo:
+    """Get the app instance based on the default config and validate it.
+
+    Args:
+        reload: Re-import the app module from disk
+
+    Returns:
+        The app instance and the app module.
+
+    Raises:
+        RuntimeError: If the app instance is not an instance of rx.App.
+    """
+    from reflex.app import App
+
+    app_module = get_app(reload=reload)
+    app = getattr(app_module, constants.CompileVars.APP)
+    if not isinstance(app, App):
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            "The app instance in the specified app_module_import in rxconfig must be an instance of rx.App."
+        )
+    return AppInfo(app=app, module=app_module)
 
 
 def get_compiled_app(reload: bool = False, export: bool = False) -> ModuleType:
@@ -304,8 +355,7 @@ def get_compiled_app(reload: bool = False, export: bool = False) -> ModuleType:
     Returns:
         The compiled app based on the default config.
     """
-    app_module = get_app(reload=reload)
+    app, app_module = get_and_validate_app(reload=reload)
-    app = getattr(app_module, constants.CompileVars.APP)
     # For py3.9 compatibility when redis is used, we MUST add any decorator pages
     # before compiling the app in a thread to avoid event loop error (REF-2172).
     app._apply_decorated_pages()
@@ -1143,11 +1193,12 @@ def ensure_reflex_installation_id() -> Optional[int]:
         if installation_id is None:
             installation_id = random.getrandbits(128)
             installation_id_file.write_text(str(installation_id))
-        # If we get here, installation_id is definitely set
-        return installation_id
     except Exception as e:
         console.debug(f"Failed to ensure reflex installation id: {e}")
         return None
+    else:
+        # If we get here, installation_id is definitely set
+        return installation_id
 
 
 def initialize_reflex_user_directory():
@@ -1361,19 +1412,22 @@ def create_config_init_app_from_remote_template(app_name: str, template_url: str
     except OSError as ose:
         console.error(f"Failed to create temp directory for extracting zip: {ose}")
         raise typer.Exit(1) from ose
+
     try:
         zipfile.ZipFile(zip_file_path).extractall(path=unzip_dir)
         # The zip file downloaded from github looks like:
         # repo-name-branch/**/*, so we need to remove the top level directory.
-        if len(subdirs := os.listdir(unzip_dir)) != 1:
-            console.error(f"Expected one directory in the zip, found {subdirs}")
-            raise typer.Exit(1)
-        template_dir = unzip_dir / subdirs[0]
-        console.debug(f"Template folder is located at {template_dir}")
     except Exception as uze:
         console.error(f"Failed to unzip the template: {uze}")
         raise typer.Exit(1) from uze
 
+    if len(subdirs := os.listdir(unzip_dir)) != 1:
+        console.error(f"Expected one directory in the zip, found {subdirs}")
+        raise typer.Exit(1)
+
+    template_dir = unzip_dir / subdirs[0]
+    console.debug(f"Template folder is located at {template_dir}")
+
     # Move the rxconfig file here first.
     path_ops.mv(str(template_dir / constants.Config.FILE), constants.Config.FILE)
     new_config = get_config(reload=True)

reflex/utils/telemetry.py

@@ -156,9 +156,10 @@ def _prepare_event(event: str, **kwargs) -> dict:
 def _send_event(event_data: dict) -> bool:
     try:
         httpx.post(POSTHOG_API_URL, json=event_data)
-        return True
     except Exception:
         return False
+    else:
+        return True
 
 
 def _send(event, telemetry_enabled, **kwargs):

reflex/utils/types.py

@@ -829,6 +829,22 @@ StateBases = get_base_class(StateVar)
 StateIterBases = get_base_class(StateIterVar)
 
 
+def safe_issubclass(cls: Type, cls_check: Type | Tuple[Type, ...]):
+    """Check if a class is a subclass of another class. Returns False if internal error occurs.
+
+    Args:
+        cls: The class to check.
+        cls_check: The class to check against.
+
+    Returns:
+        Whether the class is a subclass of the other class.
+    """
+    try:
+        return issubclass(cls, cls_check)
+    except TypeError:
+        return False
+
+
 def typehint_issubclass(possible_subclass: Any, possible_superclass: Any) -> bool:
     """Check if a type hint is a subclass of another type hint.
 

reflex/vars/base.py

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ from typing import (
     Iterable,
     List,
     Literal,
+    Mapping,
     NoReturn,
     Optional,
     Set,
@@ -65,6 +66,7 @@ from reflex.utils.types import (
     _isinstance,
     get_origin,
     has_args,
+    safe_issubclass,
     unionize,
 )
 
@@ -128,7 +130,7 @@ class VarData:
         state: str = "",
         field_name: str = "",
         imports: ImportDict | ParsedImportDict | None = None,
-        hooks: dict[str, VarData | None] | None = None,
+        hooks: Mapping[str, VarData | None] | None = None,
         deps: list[Var] | None = None,
         position: Hooks.HookPosition | None = None,
     ):
@@ -613,8 +615,8 @@ class Var(Generic[VAR_TYPE]):
     @overload
     def to(
         self,
-        output: type[dict],
+        output: type[Mapping],
-    ) -> ObjectVar[dict]: ...
+    ) -> ObjectVar[Mapping]: ...
 
     @overload
     def to(
@@ -656,7 +658,9 @@ class Var(Generic[VAR_TYPE]):
 
         # If the first argument is a python type, we map it to the corresponding Var type.
         for var_subclass in _var_subclasses[::-1]:
-            if fixed_output_type in var_subclass.python_types:
+            if fixed_output_type in var_subclass.python_types or safe_issubclass(
+                fixed_output_type, var_subclass.python_types
+            ):
                 return self.to(var_subclass.var_subclass, output)
 
         if fixed_output_type is None:
@@ -790,7 +794,7 @@ class Var(Generic[VAR_TYPE]):
             return False
         if issubclass(type_, list):
             return []
-        if issubclass(type_, dict):
+        if issubclass(type_, Mapping):
             return {}
         if issubclass(type_, tuple):
             return ()
@@ -996,7 +1000,7 @@ class Var(Generic[VAR_TYPE]):
                     f"$/{constants.Dirs.STATE_PATH}": [imports.ImportVar(tag="refs")]
                 }
             ),
-        ).to(ObjectVar, Dict[str, str])
+        ).to(ObjectVar, Mapping[str, str])
         return refs[LiteralVar.create(str(self))]
 
     @deprecated("Use `.js_type()` instead.")
@@ -1343,7 +1347,7 @@ class LiteralVar(Var):
 
         serialized_value = serializers.serialize(value)
         if serialized_value is not None:
-            if isinstance(serialized_value, dict):
+            if isinstance(serialized_value, Mapping):
                 return LiteralObjectVar.create(
                     serialized_value,
                     _var_type=type(value),
@@ -1468,7 +1472,7 @@ def var_operation(
 ) -> Callable[P, ArrayVar[LIST_T]]: ...
 
 
-OBJECT_TYPE = TypeVar("OBJECT_TYPE", bound=Dict)
+OBJECT_TYPE = TypeVar("OBJECT_TYPE", bound=Mapping)
 
 
 @overload
@@ -1543,8 +1547,8 @@ def figure_out_type(value: Any) -> types.GenericType:
         return Set[unionize(*(figure_out_type(v) for v in value))]
     if isinstance(value, tuple):
         return Tuple[unionize(*(figure_out_type(v) for v in value)), ...]
-    if isinstance(value, dict):
+    if isinstance(value, Mapping):
-        return Dict[
+        return Mapping[
             unionize(*(figure_out_type(k) for k in value)),
             unionize(*(figure_out_type(v) for v in value.values())),
         ]
@@ -1968,10 +1972,10 @@ class ComputedVar(Var[RETURN_TYPE]):
 
     @overload
     def __get__(
-        self: ComputedVar[dict[DICT_KEY, DICT_VAL]],
+        self: ComputedVar[Mapping[DICT_KEY, DICT_VAL]],
         instance: None,
         owner: Type,
-    ) -> ObjectVar[dict[DICT_KEY, DICT_VAL]]: ...
+    ) -> ObjectVar[Mapping[DICT_KEY, DICT_VAL]]: ...
 
     @overload
     def __get__(
@@ -2878,11 +2882,14 @@ V = TypeVar("V")
 
 BASE_TYPE = TypeVar("BASE_TYPE", bound=Base)
 
+FIELD_TYPE = TypeVar("FIELD_TYPE")
+MAPPING_TYPE = TypeVar("MAPPING_TYPE", bound=Mapping)
 
-class Field(Generic[T]):
+
+class Field(Generic[FIELD_TYPE]):
     """Shadow class for Var to allow for type hinting in the IDE."""
 
-    def __set__(self, instance, value: T):
+    def __set__(self, instance, value: FIELD_TYPE):
         """Set the Var.
 
         Args:
@@ -2894,7 +2901,9 @@ class Field(Generic[T]):
     def __get__(self: Field[bool], instance: None, owner) -> BooleanVar: ...
 
     @overload
-    def __get__(self: Field[int], instance: None, owner) -> NumberVar: ...
+    def __get__(
+        self: Field[int] | Field[float] | Field[int | float], instance: None, owner
+    ) -> NumberVar: ...
 
     @overload
     def __get__(self: Field[str], instance: None, owner) -> StringVar: ...
@@ -2911,8 +2920,8 @@ class Field(Generic[T]):
 
     @overload
     def __get__(
-        self: Field[Dict[str, V]], instance: None, owner
+        self: Field[MAPPING_TYPE], instance: None, owner
-    ) -> ObjectVar[Dict[str, V]]: ...
+    ) -> ObjectVar[MAPPING_TYPE]: ...
 
     @overload
     def __get__(
@@ -2920,10 +2929,10 @@ class Field(Generic[T]):
     ) -> ObjectVar[BASE_TYPE]: ...
 
     @overload
-    def __get__(self, instance: None, owner) -> Var[T]: ...
+    def __get__(self, instance: None, owner) -> Var[FIELD_TYPE]: ...
 
     @overload
-    def __get__(self, instance, owner) -> T: ...
+    def __get__(self, instance, owner) -> FIELD_TYPE: ...
 
     def __get__(self, instance, owner):  # type: ignore
         """Get the Var.
@@ -2934,7 +2943,7 @@ class Field(Generic[T]):
         """
 
 
-def field(value: T) -> Field[T]:
+def field(value: FIELD_TYPE) -> Field[FIELD_TYPE]:
     """Create a Field with a value.
 
     Args:

reflex/vars/object.py

@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ import typing
 from inspect import isclass
 from typing import (
     Any,
-    Dict,
     List,
+    Mapping,
     NoReturn,
     Tuple,
     Type,
@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@ from typing import (
     overload,
 )
 
+from typing_extensions import is_typeddict
+
 from reflex.utils import types
 from reflex.utils.exceptions import VarAttributeError
 from reflex.utils.types import GenericType, get_attribute_access_type, get_origin
@@ -36,7 +38,7 @@ from .base import (
 from .number import BooleanVar, NumberVar, raise_unsupported_operand_types
 from .sequence import ArrayVar, StringVar
 
-OBJECT_TYPE = TypeVar("OBJECT_TYPE")
+OBJECT_TYPE = TypeVar("OBJECT_TYPE", covariant=True)
 
 KEY_TYPE = TypeVar("KEY_TYPE")
 VALUE_TYPE = TypeVar("VALUE_TYPE")
@@ -46,7 +48,7 @@ ARRAY_INNER_TYPE = TypeVar("ARRAY_INNER_TYPE")
 OTHER_KEY_TYPE = TypeVar("OTHER_KEY_TYPE")
 
 
-class ObjectVar(Var[OBJECT_TYPE], python_types=dict):
+class ObjectVar(Var[OBJECT_TYPE], python_types=Mapping):
     """Base class for immutable object vars."""
 
     def _key_type(self) -> Type:
@@ -59,7 +61,7 @@ class ObjectVar(Var[OBJECT_TYPE], python_types=dict):
 
     @overload
     def _value_type(
-        self: ObjectVar[Dict[Any, VALUE_TYPE]],
+        self: ObjectVar[Mapping[Any, VALUE_TYPE]],
     ) -> Type[VALUE_TYPE]: ...
 
     @overload
@@ -74,7 +76,7 @@ class ObjectVar(Var[OBJECT_TYPE], python_types=dict):
         fixed_type = get_origin(self._var_type) or self._var_type
         if not isclass(fixed_type):
             return Any
-        args = get_args(self._var_type) if issubclass(fixed_type, dict) else ()
+        args = get_args(self._var_type) if issubclass(fixed_type, Mapping) else ()
         return args[1] if args else Any
 
     def keys(self) -> ArrayVar[List[str]]:
@@ -87,7 +89,7 @@ class ObjectVar(Var[OBJECT_TYPE], python_types=dict):
 
     @overload
     def values(
-        self: ObjectVar[Dict[Any, VALUE_TYPE]],
+        self: ObjectVar[Mapping[Any, VALUE_TYPE]],
     ) -> ArrayVar[List[VALUE_TYPE]]: ...
 
     @overload
@@ -103,7 +105,7 @@ class ObjectVar(Var[OBJECT_TYPE], python_types=dict):
 
     @overload
     def entries(
-        self: ObjectVar[Dict[Any, VALUE_TYPE]],
+        self: ObjectVar[Mapping[Any, VALUE_TYPE]],
     ) -> ArrayVar[List[Tuple[str, VALUE_TYPE]]]: ...
 
     @overload
@@ -133,49 +135,55 @@ class ObjectVar(Var[OBJECT_TYPE], python_types=dict):
     # NoReturn is used here to catch when key value is Any
     @overload
     def __getitem__(
-        self: ObjectVar[Dict[Any, NoReturn]],
+        self: ObjectVar[Mapping[Any, NoReturn]],
         key: Var | Any,
     ) -> Var: ...
 
+    @overload
+    def __getitem__(
+        self: (ObjectVar[Mapping[Any, bool]]),
+        key: Var | Any,
+    ) -> BooleanVar: ...
+
     @overload
     def __getitem__(
         self: (
-            ObjectVar[Dict[Any, int]]
+            ObjectVar[Mapping[Any, int]]
-            | ObjectVar[Dict[Any, float]]
+            | ObjectVar[Mapping[Any, float]]
-            | ObjectVar[Dict[Any, int | float]]
+            | ObjectVar[Mapping[Any, int | float]]
         ),
         key: Var | Any,
     ) -> NumberVar: ...
 
     @overload
     def __getitem__(
-        self: ObjectVar[Dict[Any, str]],
+        self: ObjectVar[Mapping[Any, str]],
         key: Var | Any,
     ) -> StringVar: ...
 
     @overload
     def __getitem__(
-        self: ObjectVar[Dict[Any, list[ARRAY_INNER_TYPE]]],
+        self: ObjectVar[Mapping[Any, list[ARRAY_INNER_TYPE]]],
         key: Var | Any,
     ) -> ArrayVar[list[ARRAY_INNER_TYPE]]: ...
 
     @overload
     def __getitem__(
-        self: ObjectVar[Dict[Any, set[ARRAY_INNER_TYPE]]],
+        self: ObjectVar[Mapping[Any, set[ARRAY_INNER_TYPE]]],
         key: Var | Any,
     ) -> ArrayVar[set[ARRAY_INNER_TYPE]]: ...
 
     @overload
     def __getitem__(
-        self: ObjectVar[Dict[Any, tuple[ARRAY_INNER_TYPE, ...]]],
+        self: ObjectVar[Mapping[Any, tuple[ARRAY_INNER_TYPE, ...]]],
         key: Var | Any,
     ) -> ArrayVar[tuple[ARRAY_INNER_TYPE, ...]]: ...
 
     @overload
     def __getitem__(
-        self: ObjectVar[Dict[Any, dict[OTHER_KEY_TYPE, VALUE_TYPE]]],
+        self: ObjectVar[Mapping[Any, Mapping[OTHER_KEY_TYPE, VALUE_TYPE]]],
         key: Var | Any,
-    ) -> ObjectVar[dict[OTHER_KEY_TYPE, VALUE_TYPE]]: ...
+    ) -> ObjectVar[Mapping[OTHER_KEY_TYPE, VALUE_TYPE]]: ...
 
     def __getitem__(self, key: Var | Any) -> Var:
         """Get an item from the object.
@@ -195,49 +203,49 @@ class ObjectVar(Var[OBJECT_TYPE], python_types=dict):
     # NoReturn is used here to catch when key value is Any
     @overload
     def __getattr__(
-        self: ObjectVar[Dict[Any, NoReturn]],
+        self: ObjectVar[Mapping[Any, NoReturn]],
         name: str,
     ) -> Var: ...
 
     @overload
     def __getattr__(
         self: (
-            ObjectVar[Dict[Any, int]]
+            ObjectVar[Mapping[Any, int]]
-            | ObjectVar[Dict[Any, float]]
+            | ObjectVar[Mapping[Any, float]]
-            | ObjectVar[Dict[Any, int | float]]
+            | ObjectVar[Mapping[Any, int | float]]
         ),
         name: str,
     ) -> NumberVar: ...
 
     @overload
     def __getattr__(
-        self: ObjectVar[Dict[Any, str]],
+        self: ObjectVar[Mapping[Any, str]],
         name: str,
     ) -> StringVar: ...
 
     @overload
     def __getattr__(
-        self: ObjectVar[Dict[Any, list[ARRAY_INNER_TYPE]]],
+        self: ObjectVar[Mapping[Any, list[ARRAY_INNER_TYPE]]],
         name: str,
     ) -> ArrayVar[list[ARRAY_INNER_TYPE]]: ...
 
     @overload
     def __getattr__(
-        self: ObjectVar[Dict[Any, set[ARRAY_INNER_TYPE]]],
+        self: ObjectVar[Mapping[Any, set[ARRAY_INNER_TYPE]]],
         name: str,
     ) -> ArrayVar[set[ARRAY_INNER_TYPE]]: ...
 
     @overload
     def __getattr__(
-        self: ObjectVar[Dict[Any, tuple[ARRAY_INNER_TYPE, ...]]],
+        self: ObjectVar[Mapping[Any, tuple[ARRAY_INNER_TYPE, ...]]],
         name: str,
     ) -> ArrayVar[tuple[ARRAY_INNER_TYPE, ...]]: ...
 
     @overload
     def __getattr__(
-        self: ObjectVar[Dict[Any, dict[OTHER_KEY_TYPE, VALUE_TYPE]]],
+        self: ObjectVar[Mapping[Any, Mapping[OTHER_KEY_TYPE, VALUE_TYPE]]],
         name: str,
-    ) -> ObjectVar[dict[OTHER_KEY_TYPE, VALUE_TYPE]]: ...
+    ) -> ObjectVar[Mapping[OTHER_KEY_TYPE, VALUE_TYPE]]: ...
 
     @overload
     def __getattr__(
@@ -266,8 +274,11 @@ class ObjectVar(Var[OBJECT_TYPE], python_types=dict):
             var_type = get_args(var_type)[0]
 
         fixed_type = var_type if isclass(var_type) else get_origin(var_type)
-        if (isclass(fixed_type) and not issubclass(fixed_type, dict)) or (
+
-            fixed_type in types.UnionTypes
+        if (
+            (isclass(fixed_type) and not issubclass(fixed_type, Mapping))
+            or (fixed_type in types.UnionTypes)
+            or is_typeddict(fixed_type)
         ):
             attribute_type = get_attribute_access_type(var_type, name)
             if attribute_type is None:
@@ -299,7 +310,7 @@ class ObjectVar(Var[OBJECT_TYPE], python_types=dict):
 class LiteralObjectVar(CachedVarOperation, ObjectVar[OBJECT_TYPE], LiteralVar):
     """Base class for immutable literal object vars."""
 
-    _var_value: Dict[Union[Var, Any], Union[Var, Any]] = dataclasses.field(
+    _var_value: Mapping[Union[Var, Any], Union[Var, Any]] = dataclasses.field(
         default_factory=dict
     )
 
@@ -383,7 +394,7 @@ class LiteralObjectVar(CachedVarOperation, ObjectVar[OBJECT_TYPE], LiteralVar):
     @classmethod
     def create(
         cls,
-        _var_value: dict,
+        _var_value: Mapping,
         _var_type: Type[OBJECT_TYPE] | None = None,
         _var_data: VarData | None = None,
     ) -> LiteralObjectVar[OBJECT_TYPE]:
@@ -466,7 +477,7 @@ def object_merge_operation(lhs: ObjectVar, rhs: ObjectVar):
     """
     return var_operation_return(
         js_expression=f"({{...{lhs}, ...{rhs}}})",
-        var_type=Dict[
+        var_type=Mapping[
             Union[lhs._key_type(), rhs._key_type()],
             Union[lhs._value_type(), rhs._value_type()],
         ],

reflex/vars/sequence.py

@@ -987,7 +987,7 @@ class ArrayVar(Var[ARRAY_VAR_TYPE], python_types=(list, tuple, set)):
             raise_unsupported_operand_types("[]", (type(self), type(i)))
         return array_item_operation(self, i)
 
-    def length(self) -> NumberVar:
+    def length(self) -> NumberVar[int]:
         """Get the length of the array.
 
         Returns:

tests/integration/test_connection_banner.py

@@ -71,9 +71,10 @@ def has_error_modal(driver: WebDriver) -> bool:
     """
     try:
         driver.find_element(By.XPATH, CONNECTION_ERROR_XPATH)
-        return True
     except NoSuchElementException:
         return False
+    else:
+        return True
 
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio

tests/units/components/core/test_match.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from typing import Dict, List, Tuple
+from typing import List, Mapping, Tuple
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ def test_match_components():
     assert fourth_return_value_render["children"][0]["contents"] == '{"fourth value"}'
 
     assert match_cases[4][0]._js_expr == '({ ["foo"] : "bar" })'
-    assert match_cases[4][0]._var_type == Dict[str, str]
+    assert match_cases[4][0]._var_type == Mapping[str, str]
     fifth_return_value_render = match_cases[4][1].render()
     assert fifth_return_value_render["name"] == "RadixThemesText"
     assert fifth_return_value_render["children"][0]["contents"] == '{"fifth value"}'

tests/units/components/test_component.py

@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ from reflex.state import BaseState
 from reflex.style import Style
 from reflex.utils import imports
 from reflex.utils.exceptions import (
+    ChildrenTypeError,
     EventFnArgMismatchError,
     EventHandlerArgTypeMismatchError,
 )
@@ -652,14 +653,17 @@ def test_create_filters_none_props(test_component):
     assert str(component.style["text-align"]) == '"center"'
 
 
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("children", [((None,),), ("foo", ("bar", (None,)))])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "children",
+    [
+        ((None,),),
+        ("foo", ("bar", (None,))),
+        ({"foo": "bar"},),
+    ],
+)
 def test_component_create_unallowed_types(children, test_component):
-    with pytest.raises(TypeError) as err:
+    with pytest.raises(ChildrenTypeError):
         test_component.create(*children)
-    assert (
-        err.value.args[0]
-        == "Children of Reflex components must be other components, state vars, or primitive Python types. Got child None of type <class 'NoneType'>."
-    )
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(

tests/units/test_style.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from typing import Any, Dict
+from typing import Any, Mapping
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -379,7 +379,7 @@ class StyleState(rx.State):
             {
                 "css": Var(
                     _js_expr=f'({{ ["color"] : ("dark"+{StyleState.color}) }})'
-                ).to(Dict[str, str])
+                ).to(Mapping[str, str])
             },
         ),
         (

tests/units/test_var.py

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import json
 import math
 import sys
 import typing
-from typing import Dict, List, Optional, Set, Tuple, Union, cast
+from typing import Dict, List, Mapping, Optional, Set, Tuple, Union, cast
 
 import pytest
 from pandas import DataFrame
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ def test_get_setter(prop: Var, expected):
         ([1, 2, 3], Var(_js_expr="[1, 2, 3]", _var_type=List[int])),
         (
             {"a": 1, "b": 2},
-            Var(_js_expr='({ ["a"] : 1, ["b"] : 2 })', _var_type=Dict[str, int]),
+            Var(_js_expr='({ ["a"] : 1, ["b"] : 2 })', _var_type=Mapping[str, int]),
         ),
     ],
 )

tests/units/vars/test_base.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from typing import Dict, List, Union
+from typing import List, Mapping, Union
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -37,12 +37,12 @@ class ChildGenericDict(GenericDict):
         ("a", str),
         ([1, 2, 3], List[int]),
         ([1, 2.0, "a"], List[Union[int, float, str]]),
-        ({"a": 1, "b": 2}, Dict[str, int]),
+        ({"a": 1, "b": 2}, Mapping[str, int]),
-        ({"a": 1, 2: "b"}, Dict[Union[int, str], Union[str, int]]),
+        ({"a": 1, 2: "b"}, Mapping[Union[int, str], Union[str, int]]),
         (CustomDict(), CustomDict),
         (ChildCustomDict(), ChildCustomDict),
-        (GenericDict({1: 1}), Dict[int, int]),
+        (GenericDict({1: 1}), Mapping[int, int]),
-        (ChildGenericDict({1: 1}), Dict[int, int]),
+        (ChildGenericDict({1: 1}), Mapping[int, int]),
     ],
 )
 def test_figure_out_type(value, expected):