From 5f0546f32ee497ddbe0a102eee54537fbd81a1fb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Khaleel Al-Adhami <khaleel.aladhami@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 15 Nov 2024 14:53:51 -0800
Subject: [PATCH] what am i doing anymore

---
 poetry.lock                                 |  359 ++--
 pyproject.toml                              |    3 +-
 reflex/.templates/web/utils/state.js        |   27 +
 reflex/components/core/cond.py              |   22 +-
 reflex/vars/base.py                         |  285 ++-
 reflex/vars/function.py                     |  245 ++-
 reflex/vars/number.py                       |  180 +-
 reflex/vars/object.py                       |   37 +-
 reflex/vars/sequence.py                     | 2074 +++++++------------
 tests/units/components/core/test_foreach.py |    8 +-
 10 files changed, 1498 insertions(+), 1742 deletions(-)

diff --git a/poetry.lock b/poetry.lock
index 8199c975a..a954cc627 100644
--- a/poetry.lock
+++ b/poetry.lock
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# This file is automatically @generated by Poetry 1.8.3 and should not be changed by hand.
+# This file is automatically @generated by Poetry 1.8.4 and should not be changed by hand.
 
 [[package]]
 name = "alembic"
@@ -386,73 +386,73 @@ files = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "coverage"
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 description = "Code coverage measurement for Python"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.9"
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 ]
 
 [package.dependencies]
@@ -585,13 +585,13 @@ test = ["pytest (>=6)"]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "fastapi"
-version = "0.115.4"
+version = "0.115.5"
 description = "FastAPI framework, high performance, easy to learn, fast to code, ready for production"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.8"
 files = [
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-    {file = "fastapi-0.115.4.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:db653475586b091cb8b2fec2ac54a680ac6a158e07406e1abae31679e8826349"},
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 ]
 
 [package.dependencies]
@@ -785,13 +785,13 @@ zstd = ["zstandard (>=0.18.0)"]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "identify"
-version = "2.6.1"
+version = "2.6.2"
 description = "File identification library for Python"
 optional = false
-python-versions = ">=3.8"
+python-versions = ">=3.9"
 files = [
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 ]
 
 [package.extras]
@@ -1288,13 +1288,13 @@ attrs = ">=19.2.0"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "packaging"
-version = "24.1"
+version = "24.2"
 description = "Core utilities for Python packages"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.8"
 files = [
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 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1350,8 +1350,8 @@ files = [
 
 [package.dependencies]
 numpy = [
-    {version = ">=1.23.2", markers = "python_version == \"3.11\""},
     {version = ">=1.26.0", markers = "python_version >= \"3.12\""},
+    {version = ">=1.23.2", markers = "python_version == \"3.11\""},
     {version = ">=1.22.4", markers = "python_version < \"3.11\""},
 ]
 python-dateutil = ">=2.8.2"
@@ -1669,8 +1669,8 @@ files = [
 annotated-types = ">=0.6.0"
 pydantic-core = "2.23.4"
 typing-extensions = [
-    {version = ">=4.6.1", markers = "python_version < \"3.13\""},
     {version = ">=4.12.2", markers = "python_version >= \"3.13\""},
+    {version = ">=4.6.1", markers = "python_version < \"3.13\""},
 ]
 
 [package.extras]
@@ -1822,21 +1822,23 @@ files = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pyright"
-version = "1.1.334"
+version = "1.1.389"
 description = "Command line wrapper for pyright"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.7"
 files = [
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 ]
 
 [package.dependencies]
 nodeenv = ">=1.6.0"
+typing-extensions = ">=4.1"
 
 [package.extras]
-all = ["twine (>=3.4.1)"]
+all = ["nodejs-wheel-binaries", "twine (>=3.4.1)"]
 dev = ["twine (>=3.4.1)"]
+nodejs = ["nodejs-wheel-binaries"]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pysocks"
@@ -2350,23 +2352,23 @@ websocket-client = ">=1.8,<2.0"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "setuptools"
-version = "75.3.0"
+version = "75.5.0"
 description = "Easily download, build, install, upgrade, and uninstall Python packages"
 optional = false
-python-versions = ">=3.8"
+python-versions = ">=3.9"
 files = [
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 ]
 
 [package.extras]
-check = ["pytest-checkdocs (>=2.4)", "pytest-ruff (>=0.2.1)", "ruff (>=0.5.2)"]
-core = ["importlib-metadata (>=6)", "importlib-resources (>=5.10.2)", "jaraco.collections", "jaraco.functools", "jaraco.text (>=3.7)", "more-itertools", "more-itertools (>=8.8)", "packaging", "packaging (>=24)", "platformdirs (>=4.2.2)", "tomli (>=2.0.1)", "wheel (>=0.43.0)"]
+check = ["pytest-checkdocs (>=2.4)", "pytest-ruff (>=0.2.1)", "ruff (>=0.7.0)"]
+core = ["importlib-metadata (>=6)", "jaraco.collections", "jaraco.functools (>=4)", "jaraco.text (>=3.7)", "more-itertools", "more-itertools (>=8.8)", "packaging", "packaging (>=24.2)", "platformdirs (>=4.2.2)", "tomli (>=2.0.1)", "wheel (>=0.43.0)"]
 cover = ["pytest-cov"]
 doc = ["furo", "jaraco.packaging (>=9.3)", "jaraco.tidelift (>=1.4)", "pygments-github-lexers (==0.0.5)", "pyproject-hooks (!=1.1)", "rst.linker (>=1.9)", "sphinx (>=3.5)", "sphinx-favicon", "sphinx-inline-tabs", "sphinx-lint", "sphinx-notfound-page (>=1,<2)", "sphinx-reredirects", "sphinxcontrib-towncrier", "towncrier (<24.7)"]
 enabler = ["pytest-enabler (>=2.2)"]
-test = ["build[virtualenv] (>=1.0.3)", "filelock (>=3.4.0)", "ini2toml[lite] (>=0.14)", "jaraco.develop (>=7.21)", "jaraco.envs (>=2.2)", "jaraco.path (>=3.2.0)", "jaraco.test (>=5.5)", "packaging (>=23.2)", "pip (>=19.1)", "pyproject-hooks (!=1.1)", "pytest (>=6,!=8.1.*)", "pytest-home (>=0.5)", "pytest-perf", "pytest-subprocess", "pytest-timeout", "pytest-xdist (>=3)", "tomli-w (>=1.0.0)", "virtualenv (>=13.0.0)", "wheel (>=0.44.0)"]
-type = ["importlib-metadata (>=7.0.2)", "jaraco.develop (>=7.21)", "mypy (==1.12.*)", "pytest-mypy"]
+test = ["build[virtualenv] (>=1.0.3)", "filelock (>=3.4.0)", "ini2toml[lite] (>=0.14)", "jaraco.develop (>=7.21)", "jaraco.envs (>=2.2)", "jaraco.path (>=3.2.0)", "jaraco.test (>=5.5)", "packaging (>=24.2)", "pip (>=19.1)", "pyproject-hooks (!=1.1)", "pytest (>=6,!=8.1.*)", "pytest-home (>=0.5)", "pytest-perf", "pytest-subprocess", "pytest-timeout", "pytest-xdist (>=3)", "tomli-w (>=1.0.0)", "virtualenv (>=13.0.0)", "wheel (>=0.44.0)"]
+type = ["importlib-metadata (>=7.0.2)", "jaraco.develop (>=7.21)", "mypy (>=1.12,<1.14)", "pytest-mypy"]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "shellingham"
@@ -2634,13 +2636,13 @@ files = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tomli"
-version = "2.0.2"
+version = "2.1.0"
 description = "A lil' TOML parser"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.8"
 files = [
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+    {file = "tomli-2.1.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:3f646cae2aec94e17d04973e4249548320197cfabdf130015d023de4b74d8ab8"},
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2828,108 +2830,91 @@ test = ["websockets"]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "websockets"
-version = "13.1"
+version = "14.1"
 description = "An implementation of the WebSocket Protocol (RFC 6455 & 7692)"
 optional = false
-python-versions = ">=3.8"
+python-versions = ">=3.9"
 files = [
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+    {file = "websockets-14.1-pp39-pypy39_pp73-manylinux_2_5_i686.manylinux1_i686.manylinux_2_17_i686.manylinux2014_i686.whl", hash = "sha256:5ef440054124728cc49b01c33469de06755e5a7a4e83ef61934ad95fc327fbb0"},
+    {file = "websockets-14.1-pp39-pypy39_pp73-manylinux_2_5_x86_64.manylinux1_x86_64.manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:e7591d6f440af7f73c4bd9404f3772bfee064e639d2b6cc8c94076e71b2471c1"},
+    {file = "websockets-14.1-pp39-pypy39_pp73-win_amd64.whl", hash = "sha256:25225cc79cfebc95ba1d24cd3ab86aaa35bcd315d12fa4358939bd55e9bd74a5"},
+    {file = "websockets-14.1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:4d4fc827a20abe6d544a119896f6b78ee13fe81cbfef416f3f2ddf09a03f0e2e"},
+    {file = "websockets-14.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:398b10c77d471c0aab20a845e7a60076b6390bfdaac7a6d2edb0d2c59d75e8d8"},
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wheel"
-version = "0.44.0"
+version = "0.45.0"
 description = "A built-package format for Python"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.8"
 files = [
-    {file = "wheel-0.44.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:2376a90c98cc337d18623527a97c31797bd02bad0033d41547043a1cbfbe448f"},
-    {file = "wheel-0.44.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:a29c3f2817e95ab89aa4660681ad547c0e9547f20e75b0562fe7723c9a2a9d49"},
+    {file = "wheel-0.45.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:52f0baa5e6522155090a09c6bd95718cc46956d1b51d537ea5454249edb671c7"},
+    {file = "wheel-0.45.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:a57353941a3183b3d5365346b567a260a0602a0f8a635926a7dede41b94c674a"},
 ]
 
 [package.extras]
@@ -3030,13 +3015,13 @@ h11 = ">=0.9.0,<1"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "zipp"
-version = "3.20.2"
+version = "3.21.0"
 description = "Backport of pathlib-compatible object wrapper for zip files"
 optional = false
-python-versions = ">=3.8"
+python-versions = ">=3.9"
 files = [
-    {file = "zipp-3.20.2-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:a817ac80d6cf4b23bf7f2828b7cabf326f15a001bea8b1f9b49631780ba28350"},
-    {file = "zipp-3.20.2.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:bc9eb26f4506fda01b81bcde0ca78103b6e62f991b381fec825435c836edbc29"},
+    {file = "zipp-3.21.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:ac1bbe05fd2991f160ebce24ffbac5f6d11d83dc90891255885223d42b3cd931"},
+    {file = "zipp-3.21.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:2c9958f6430a2040341a52eb608ed6dd93ef4392e02ffe219417c1b28b5dd1f4"},
 ]
 
 [package.extras]
@@ -3050,4 +3035,4 @@ type = ["pytest-mypy"]
 [metadata]
 lock-version = "2.0"
 python-versions = "^3.9"
-content-hash = "937f0cadb1a4566117dad8d0be6018ad1a8fe9aeb19c499d2a010d36ef391ee1"
+content-hash = "8efad13f953b1865334876fa726e321ea73c0ca6591553ecf5d562425a2c52ee"
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index 20bf81d92..e49dcae9e 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ reflex-chakra = ">=0.6.0"
 [tool.poetry.group.dev.dependencies]
 pytest = ">=7.1.2,<9.0"
 pytest-mock = ">=3.10.0,<4.0"
-pyright = ">=1.1.229,<1.1.335"
+pyright = ">=1.1.229,<=1.1.389"
 darglint = ">=1.8.1,<2.0"
 dill = ">=0.3.8"
 toml = ">=0.10.2,<1.0"
@@ -88,6 +88,7 @@ requires = ["poetry-core>=1.5.1"]
 build-backend = "poetry.core.masonry.api"
 
 [tool.pyright]
+reportIncompatibleMethodOverride = false
 
 [tool.ruff]
 target-version = "py39"
diff --git a/reflex/.templates/web/utils/state.js b/reflex/.templates/web/utils/state.js
index 3899ddc89..5a39f59e1 100644
--- a/reflex/.templates/web/utils/state.js
+++ b/reflex/.templates/web/utils/state.js
@@ -859,6 +859,33 @@ export const isTrue = (val) => {
   return Boolean(val);
 };
 
+/**
+ * Returns a copy of a section of an array.
+ * @param {Array | string} arrayLike The array to slice.
+ * @param {[number, number, number]} slice The slice to apply.
+ * @returns The sliced array.
+ */
+export const atSlice = (arrayLike, slice) => {
+  const array = [...arrayLike];
+  const [startSlice, endSlice, stepSlice] = slice;
+  if (stepSlice ?? null === null) {
+    return array.slice(startSlice ?? undefined, endSlice ?? undefined);
+  }
+  const step = stepSlice ?? 1;
+  if (step > 0) {
+    return array
+      .slice(startSlice ?? undefined, endSlice ?? undefined)
+      .filter((_, i) => i % step === 0);
+  }
+  const actualStart = (endSlice ?? null) === null ? 0 : endSlice + 1;
+  const actualEnd =
+    (startSlice ?? null) === null ? array.length : startSlice + 1;
+  return array
+    .slice(actualStart, actualEnd)
+    .reverse()
+    .filter((_, i) => i % step === 0);
+};
+
 /**
  * Get the value from a ref.
  * @param ref The ref to get the value from.
diff --git a/reflex/components/core/cond.py b/reflex/components/core/cond.py
index 5b6ee2a7f..19b585a47 100644
--- a/reflex/components/core/cond.py
+++ b/reflex/components/core/cond.py
@@ -138,34 +138,18 @@ def cond(condition: Any, c1: Any, c2: Any = None) -> Component | Var:
     """
     # Convert the condition to a Var.
     cond_var = LiteralVar.create(condition)
-    if cond_var is None:
-        raise ValueError("The condition must be set.")
 
-    # If the first component is a component, create a Cond component.
+    # If the first component is a component, create a Fragment if the second component is not set.
     if isinstance(c1, BaseComponent):
-        if c2 is not None and not isinstance(c2, BaseComponent):
-            raise ValueError("Both arguments must be components.")
-        return Cond.create(cond_var, c1, c2)
+        c2 = c2 if c2 is not None else Fragment.create()
 
-    # Otherwise, create a conditional Var.
     # Check that the second argument is valid.
-    if isinstance(c2, BaseComponent):
-        raise ValueError("Both arguments must be props.")
     if c2 is None:
         raise ValueError("For conditional vars, the second argument must be set.")
 
-    def create_var(cond_part):
-        return LiteralVar.create(cond_part)
-
-    # convert the truth and false cond parts into vars so the _var_data can be obtained.
-    c1 = create_var(c1)
-    c2 = create_var(c2)
-
     # Create the conditional var.
     return ternary_operation(
-        cond_var.bool()._replace(  # type: ignore
-            merge_var_data=VarData(imports=_IS_TRUE_IMPORT),
-        ),  # type: ignore
+        cond_var.bool(),
         c1,
         c2,
     )
diff --git a/reflex/vars/base.py b/reflex/vars/base.py
index a3f8357b2..8945d130b 100644
--- a/reflex/vars/base.py
+++ b/reflex/vars/base.py
@@ -26,7 +26,9 @@ from typing import (
     Iterable,
     List,
     Literal,
+    NoReturn,
     Optional,
+    Sequence,
     Set,
     Tuple,
     Type,
@@ -69,6 +71,7 @@ from reflex.utils.types import (
     _isinstance,
     get_origin,
     has_args,
+    typehint_issubclass,
     unionize,
 )
 
@@ -82,6 +85,9 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
 
 
 VAR_TYPE = TypeVar("VAR_TYPE", covariant=True)
+VALUE = TypeVar("VALUE")
+INT_OR_FLOAT = TypeVar("INT_OR_FLOAT", int, float)
+FAKE_VAR_TYPE = TypeVar("FAKE_VAR_TYPE")
 OTHER_VAR_TYPE = TypeVar("OTHER_VAR_TYPE")
 
 warnings.filterwarnings("ignore", message="fields may not start with an underscore")
@@ -545,11 +551,11 @@ class Var(Generic[VAR_TYPE]):
     @classmethod
     def create(
         cls,
-        value: Any,
+        value: FAKE_VAR_TYPE,
         _var_is_local: bool | None = None,
         _var_is_string: bool | None = None,
         _var_data: VarData | None = None,
-    ) -> Var:
+    ) -> Var[FAKE_VAR_TYPE]:
         """Create a var from a value.
 
         Args:
@@ -587,7 +593,7 @@ class Var(Generic[VAR_TYPE]):
             return LiteralVar.create(value)
 
         if _var_is_string is False or _var_is_local is True:
-            return cls(
+            return Var(
                 _js_expr=value,
                 _var_data=_var_data,
             )
@@ -629,19 +635,22 @@ class Var(Generic[VAR_TYPE]):
         return f"{constants.REFLEX_VAR_OPENING_TAG}{hashed_var}{constants.REFLEX_VAR_CLOSING_TAG}{self._js_expr}"
 
     @overload
-    def to(self, output: Type[str]) -> StringVar: ...
+    def to(self, output: Type[bool]) -> BooleanVar: ...  # pyright: ignore [reportOverlappingOverload]
 
     @overload
-    def to(self, output: Type[bool]) -> BooleanVar: ...
+    def to(self, output: Type[int]) -> NumberVar[int]: ...
 
     @overload
-    def to(self, output: type[int] | type[float]) -> NumberVar: ...
+    def to(self, output: type[float]) -> NumberVar[float]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def to(self, output: Type[str]) -> StringVar: ...  # pyright: ignore [reportOverlappingOverload]
 
     @overload
     def to(
         self,
-        output: type[list] | type[tuple] | type[set],
-    ) -> ArrayVar: ...
+        output: type[Sequence[VALUE]] | type[set[VALUE]],
+    ) -> ArrayVar[Sequence[VALUE]]: ...
 
     @overload
     def to(
@@ -728,20 +737,29 @@ class Var(Generic[VAR_TYPE]):
 
         return self
 
+    # We use `NoReturn` here to catch `Var[Any]` and `Var[Unknown]` cases first.
     @overload
-    def guess_type(self: Var[str]) -> StringVar: ...
+    def guess_type(self: Var[NoReturn]) -> Var: ...  # pyright: ignore [reportOverlappingOverload]
 
     @overload
     def guess_type(self: Var[bool]) -> BooleanVar: ...
 
     @overload
-    def guess_type(self: Var[int] | Var[float] | Var[int | float]) -> NumberVar: ...
+    def guess_type(self: Var[INT_OR_FLOAT]) -> NumberVar[INT_OR_FLOAT]: ...
 
     @overload
-    def guess_type(self: Var[list] | Var[tuple] | Var[set]) -> ArrayVar: ...
+    def guess_type(self: Var[str]) -> StringVar: ...  # pyright: ignore [reportOverlappingOverload]
 
     @overload
-    def guess_type(self: Var[dict]) -> ObjectVar[dict]: ...
+    def guess_type(self: Var[Sequence[VALUE]]) -> ArrayVar[Sequence[VALUE]]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def guess_type(self: Var[Set[VALUE]]) -> ArrayVar[Set[VALUE]]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def guess_type(
+        self: Var[Dict[VALUE, OTHER_VAR_TYPE]],
+    ) -> ObjectVar[Dict[VALUE, OTHER_VAR_TYPE]]: ...
 
     @overload
     def guess_type(self) -> Self: ...
@@ -925,7 +943,7 @@ class Var(Generic[VAR_TYPE]):
         """
         from .number import equal_operation
 
-        return equal_operation(self, other)
+        return equal_operation(self, other).guess_type()
 
     def __ne__(self, other: Var | Any) -> BooleanVar:
         """Check if the current object is not equal to the given object.
@@ -948,7 +966,7 @@ class Var(Generic[VAR_TYPE]):
         """
         from .number import boolify
 
-        return boolify(self).guess_type()
+        return boolify(self)  # pyright: ignore [reportReturnType]
 
     def __and__(self, other: Var | Any) -> Var:
         """Perform a logical AND operation on the current instance and another variable.
@@ -1150,7 +1168,7 @@ class Var(Generic[VAR_TYPE]):
 
     @overload
     @classmethod
-    def range(cls, stop: int | NumberVar, /) -> ArrayVar[List[int]]: ...
+    def range(cls, stop: int | NumberVar, /) -> ArrayVar[Sequence[int]]: ...
 
     @overload
     @classmethod
@@ -1160,15 +1178,16 @@ class Var(Generic[VAR_TYPE]):
         end: int | NumberVar,
         step: int | NumberVar = 1,
         /,
-    ) -> ArrayVar[List[int]]: ...
+    ) -> ArrayVar[Sequence[int]]: ...
 
     @classmethod
     def range(
         cls,
-        first_endpoint: int | NumberVar,
-        second_endpoint: int | NumberVar | None = None,
-        step: int | NumberVar | None = None,
-    ) -> ArrayVar[List[int]]:
+        first_endpoint: int | Var[int],
+        second_endpoint: int | Var[int] | None = None,
+        step: int | Var[int] | None = None,
+        /,
+    ) -> ArrayVar[Sequence[int]]:
         """Create a range of numbers.
 
         Args:
@@ -1181,7 +1200,11 @@ class Var(Generic[VAR_TYPE]):
         """
         from .sequence import ArrayVar
 
-        return ArrayVar.range(first_endpoint, second_endpoint, step)
+        if second_endpoint is None:
+            return ArrayVar.range.call(first_endpoint).guess_type()
+        if step is None:
+            return ArrayVar.range.call(first_endpoint, second_endpoint).guess_type()
+        return ArrayVar.range.call(first_endpoint, second_endpoint, step).guess_type()
 
     def __bool__(self) -> bool:
         """Raise exception if using Var in a boolean context.
@@ -1221,6 +1244,27 @@ VAR_SUBCLASS = TypeVar("VAR_SUBCLASS", bound=Var)
 VAR_INSIDE = TypeVar("VAR_INSIDE")
 
 
+class VarWithDefault(Var[VAR_TYPE]):
+    """Annotate an optional argument."""
+
+    def __init__(self, default_value: VAR_TYPE):
+        """Initialize the default value.
+
+        Args:
+            default_value: The default value.
+        """
+        self._default = default_value
+
+    @property
+    def default(self) -> Var[VAR_TYPE]:
+        """Get the default value.
+
+        Returns:
+            The default value.
+        """
+        return Var.create(self._default)
+
+
 class ToOperation:
     """A var operation that converts a var to another type."""
 
@@ -1362,9 +1406,6 @@ class LiteralVar(Var):
         Raises:
             TypeError: If the value is not a supported type for LiteralVar.
         """
-        from .object import LiteralObjectVar
-        from .sequence import LiteralStringVar
-
         if isinstance(value, Var):
             if _var_data is None:
                 return value
@@ -1377,6 +1418,9 @@ class LiteralVar(Var):
         from reflex.event import EventHandler
         from reflex.utils.format import get_event_handler_parts
 
+        from .object import LiteralObjectVar
+        from .sequence import LiteralStringVar
+
         if isinstance(value, EventHandler):
             return Var(_js_expr=".".join(filter(None, get_event_handler_parts(value))))
 
@@ -1466,7 +1510,7 @@ def get_python_literal(value: Union[LiteralVar, Any]) -> Any | None:
     return value
 
 
-def validate_arg(type_hint: GenericType) -> Callable[[Any], bool]:
+def validate_arg(type_hint: GenericType) -> Callable[[Any], str | None]:
     """Create a validator for an argument.
 
     Args:
@@ -1477,7 +1521,15 @@ def validate_arg(type_hint: GenericType) -> Callable[[Any], bool]:
     """
 
     def validate(value: Any):
-        return True
+        if isinstance(value, LiteralVar):
+            if not _isinstance(value._var_value, type_hint):
+                return f"Expected {type_hint} but got {value._var_value} of type {type(value._var_value)}."
+        elif isinstance(value, Var):
+            if not typehint_issubclass(value._var_type, type_hint):
+                return f"Expected {type_hint} but got {value._var_type}."
+        else:
+            if not _isinstance(value, type_hint):
+                return f"Expected {type_hint} but got {value} of type {type(value)}."
 
     return validate
 
@@ -1505,14 +1557,58 @@ class TypeComputer(Protocol):
 
 @overload
 def var_operation(
-    func: Callable[[], CustomVarOperationReturn[T]],
-) -> ArgsFunctionOperation[ReflexCallable[[], T]]: ...
+    func: Callable[[Var[V1], Var[V2], Var[V3]], CustomVarOperationReturn[T]],
+) -> ArgsFunctionOperation[ReflexCallable[[V1, V2, V3], T]]: ...
 
 
 @overload
 def var_operation(
-    func: Callable[[Var[V1]], CustomVarOperationReturn[T]],
-) -> ArgsFunctionOperation[ReflexCallable[[V1], T]]: ...
+    func: Callable[[Var[V1], Var[V2], VarWithDefault[V3]], CustomVarOperationReturn[T]],
+) -> ArgsFunctionOperation[ReflexCallable[[V1, V2, VarWithDefault[V3]], T]]: ...
+
+
+@overload
+def var_operation(
+    func: Callable[
+        [
+            Var[V1],
+            VarWithDefault[V2],
+            VarWithDefault[V3],
+        ],
+        CustomVarOperationReturn[T],
+    ],
+) -> ArgsFunctionOperation[
+    ReflexCallable[
+        [
+            V1,
+            VarWithDefault[V2],
+            VarWithDefault[V3],
+        ],
+        T,
+    ]
+]: ...
+
+
+@overload
+def var_operation(
+    func: Callable[
+        [
+            VarWithDefault[V1],
+            VarWithDefault[V2],
+            VarWithDefault[V3],
+        ],
+        CustomVarOperationReturn[T],
+    ],
+) -> ArgsFunctionOperation[
+    ReflexCallable[
+        [
+            VarWithDefault[V1],
+            VarWithDefault[V1],
+            VarWithDefault[V1],
+        ],
+        T,
+    ]
+]: ...
 
 
 @overload
@@ -1523,23 +1619,68 @@ def var_operation(
 
 @overload
 def var_operation(
-    func: Callable[[Var[V1], Var[V2], Var[V3]], CustomVarOperationReturn[T]],
-) -> ArgsFunctionOperation[ReflexCallable[[V1, V2, V3], T]]: ...
-
-
-@overload
-def var_operation(
-    func: Callable[[Var[V1], Var[V2], Var[V3], Var[V4]], CustomVarOperationReturn[T]],
-) -> ArgsFunctionOperation[ReflexCallable[[V1, V2, V3, V4], T]]: ...
+    func: Callable[
+        [
+            Var[V1],
+            VarWithDefault[V2],
+        ],
+        CustomVarOperationReturn[T],
+    ],
+) -> ArgsFunctionOperation[
+    ReflexCallable[
+        [
+            V1,
+            VarWithDefault[V2],
+        ],
+        T,
+    ]
+]: ...
 
 
 @overload
 def var_operation(
     func: Callable[
-        [Var[V1], Var[V2], Var[V3], Var[V4], Var[V5]],
+        [
+            VarWithDefault[V1],
+            VarWithDefault[V2],
+        ],
         CustomVarOperationReturn[T],
     ],
-) -> ArgsFunctionOperation[ReflexCallable[[V1, V2, V3, V4, V5], T]]: ...
+) -> ArgsFunctionOperation[
+    ReflexCallable[
+        [
+            VarWithDefault[V1],
+            VarWithDefault[V2],
+        ],
+        T,
+    ]
+]: ...
+
+
+@overload
+def var_operation(
+    func: Callable[[Var[V1]], CustomVarOperationReturn[T]],
+) -> ArgsFunctionOperation[ReflexCallable[[V1], T]]: ...
+
+
+@overload
+def var_operation(
+    func: Callable[
+        [VarWithDefault[V1]],
+        CustomVarOperationReturn[T],
+    ],
+) -> ArgsFunctionOperation[
+    ReflexCallable[
+        [VarWithDefault[V1]],
+        T,
+    ]
+]: ...
+
+
+@overload
+def var_operation(
+    func: Callable[[], CustomVarOperationReturn[T]],
+) -> ArgsFunctionOperation[ReflexCallable[[], T]]: ...
 
 
 def var_operation(
@@ -1568,6 +1709,7 @@ def var_operation(
     func_name = func.__name__
 
     func_arg_spec = inspect.getfullargspec(func)
+    func_signature = inspect.signature(func)
 
     if func_arg_spec.kwonlyargs:
         raise TypeError(f"Function {func_name} cannot have keyword-only arguments.")
@@ -1576,10 +1718,23 @@ def var_operation(
 
     arg_names = func_arg_spec.args
 
+    arg_default_values: Sequence[inspect.Parameter.empty | VarWithDefault] = tuple(
+        (
+            default_value
+            if isinstance(
+                (default_value := func_signature.parameters[arg_name].default),
+                VarWithDefault,
+            )
+            else inspect.Parameter.empty()
+        )
+        for arg_name in arg_names
+    )
+
     type_hints = get_type_hints(func)
 
     if not all(
-        (get_origin((type_hint := type_hints.get(arg_name, Any))) or type_hint) is Var
+        (get_origin((type_hint := type_hints.get(arg_name, Any))) or type_hint)
+        in (Var, VarWithDefault)
         and len(get_args(type_hint)) <= 1
         for arg_name in arg_names
     ):
@@ -1606,13 +1761,22 @@ def var_operation(
     args_operation = ArgsFunctionOperation.create(
         tuple(map(str, arg_vars)),
         custom_operation_return,
+        default_values=arg_default_values,
         validators=tuple(
-            validate_arg(type_hints.get(arg_name, Any)) for arg_name in arg_names
+            validate_arg(arg_type)
+            if not isinstance(arg_type, TypeVar)
+            else validate_arg(arg_type.__bound__ or Any)
+            for _, arg_type in args_with_type_hints
         ),
         function_name=func_name,
         type_computer=custom_operation_return._type_computer,
         _var_type=ReflexCallable[
-            tuple(arg_python_type for _, arg_python_type in args_with_type_hints),  # type: ignore
+            tuple(
+                arg_python_type
+                if isinstance(arg_default_values[i], inspect.Parameter)
+                else VarWithDefault[arg_python_type]
+                for i, (_, arg_python_type) in enumerate(args_with_type_hints)
+            ),  # type: ignore
             custom_operation_return._var_type,
         ],
     )
@@ -2018,10 +2182,10 @@ class ComputedVar(Var[RETURN_TYPE]):
 
     @overload
     def __get__(
-        self: ComputedVar[list[LIST_INSIDE]],
+        self: ComputedVar[Sequence[LIST_INSIDE]],
         instance: None,
         owner: Type,
-    ) -> ArrayVar[list[LIST_INSIDE]]: ...
+    ) -> ArrayVar[Sequence[LIST_INSIDE]]: ...
 
     @overload
     def __get__(
@@ -2030,13 +2194,6 @@ class ComputedVar(Var[RETURN_TYPE]):
         owner: Type,
     ) -> ArrayVar[set[LIST_INSIDE]]: ...
 
-    @overload
-    def __get__(
-        self: ComputedVar[tuple[LIST_INSIDE, ...]],
-        instance: None,
-        owner: Type,
-    ) -> ArrayVar[tuple[LIST_INSIDE, ...]]: ...
-
     @overload
     def __get__(self, instance: None, owner: Type) -> ComputedVar[RETURN_TYPE]: ...
 
@@ -2175,7 +2332,7 @@ class ComputedVar(Var[RETURN_TYPE]):
                     d.update(
                         self._deps(
                             objclass=objclass,
-                            obj=ref_obj,
+                            obj=ref_obj,  # pyright: ignore [reportArgumentType]
                         )
                     )
                 # recurse into property fget functions
@@ -2218,7 +2375,7 @@ class ComputedVar(Var[RETURN_TYPE]):
         with contextlib.suppress(AttributeError):
             delattr(instance, self._cache_attr)
 
-    def _determine_var_type(self) -> Type:
+    def _determine_var_type(self) -> GenericType:
         """Get the type of the var.
 
         Returns:
@@ -2672,8 +2829,12 @@ def _extract_var_data(value: Iterable) -> list[VarData | None]:
                 var_datas.append(sub._var_data)
             elif not isinstance(sub, str):
                 # Recurse into dict values.
-                if hasattr(sub, "values") and callable(sub.values):
-                    var_datas.extend(_extract_var_data(sub.values()))
+                if (
+                    (values_fn := getattr(sub, "values", None)) is not None
+                    and callable(values_fn)
+                    and isinstance((values := values_fn()), Iterable)
+                ):
+                    var_datas.extend(_extract_var_data(values))
                 # Recurse into iterable values (or dict keys).
                 var_datas.extend(_extract_var_data(sub))
 
@@ -2682,9 +2843,9 @@ def _extract_var_data(value: Iterable) -> list[VarData | None]:
         var_datas.append(value._var_data)
     else:
         # Recurse when value is a dict itself.
-        values = getattr(value, "values", None)
-        if callable(values):
-            var_datas.extend(_extract_var_data(values()))
+        values_fn = getattr(value, "values", None)
+        if callable(values_fn) and isinstance((values := values_fn()), Iterable):
+            var_datas.extend(_extract_var_data(values))
     return var_datas
 
 
@@ -2966,10 +3127,10 @@ class Field(Generic[T]):
 
     @overload
     def __get__(
-        self: Field[List[V]] | Field[Set[V]] | Field[Tuple[V, ...]],
+        self: Field[Sequence[V]] | Field[Set[V]],
         instance: None,
         owner,
-    ) -> ArrayVar[List[V]]: ...
+    ) -> ArrayVar[Sequence[V]]: ...
 
     @overload
     def __get__(
@@ -3151,7 +3312,7 @@ def nary_type_computer(
     def type_computer(*args: Var):
         if len(args) != len(types):
             return (
-                ReflexCallable[[], types[len(args)]],  # type: ignore
+                types[len(args)],
                 functools.partial(type_computer, *args),
             )
         return (
diff --git a/reflex/vars/function.py b/reflex/vars/function.py
index 371276ca1..c79a44ce0 100644
--- a/reflex/vars/function.py
+++ b/reflex/vars/function.py
@@ -3,14 +3,25 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import dataclasses
+import inspect
 import sys
-from typing import Any, Callable, Optional, Sequence, Tuple, Type, Union, overload
+from typing import (
+    Any,
+    Callable,
+    NoReturn,
+    Optional,
+    Sequence,
+    Tuple,
+    Type,
+    Union,
+    overload,
+)
 
 from typing_extensions import Concatenate, Generic, ParamSpec, TypeVar
 
 from reflex.utils import format
 from reflex.utils.exceptions import VarTypeError
-from reflex.utils.types import GenericType
+from reflex.utils.types import GenericType, Unset, get_origin
 
 from .base import (
     CachedVarOperation,
@@ -19,12 +30,14 @@ from .base import (
     TypeComputer,
     Var,
     VarData,
+    VarWithDefault,
     cached_property_no_lock,
     unwrap_reflex_callalbe,
 )
 
 P = ParamSpec("P")
 R = TypeVar("R")
+R2 = TypeVar("R2")
 V1 = TypeVar("V1")
 V2 = TypeVar("V2")
 V3 = TypeVar("V3")
@@ -47,20 +60,39 @@ class FunctionVar(Var[CALLABLE_TYPE], default_type=ReflexCallable[Any, Any]):
 
     @overload
     def partial(
-        self: FunctionVar[ReflexCallable[Concatenate[V1, P], R]],
+        self: FunctionVar[ReflexCallable[Concatenate[VarWithDefault[V1], P], R]]
+        | FunctionVar[ReflexCallable[Concatenate[V1, P], R]],
         arg1: Union[V1, Var[V1]],
     ) -> FunctionVar[ReflexCallable[P, R]]: ...
 
     @overload
     def partial(
-        self: FunctionVar[ReflexCallable[Concatenate[V1, V2, P], R]],
+        self: FunctionVar[
+            ReflexCallable[Concatenate[VarWithDefault[V1], VarWithDefault[V2], P], R]
+        ]
+        | FunctionVar[ReflexCallable[Concatenate[V1, VarWithDefault[V2], P], R]]
+        | FunctionVar[ReflexCallable[Concatenate[V1, V2, P], R]],
         arg1: Union[V1, Var[V1]],
         arg2: Union[V2, Var[V2]],
     ) -> FunctionVar[ReflexCallable[P, R]]: ...
 
     @overload
     def partial(
-        self: FunctionVar[ReflexCallable[Concatenate[V1, V2, V3, P], R]],
+        self: FunctionVar[
+            ReflexCallable[
+                Concatenate[
+                    VarWithDefault[V1], VarWithDefault[V2], VarWithDefault[V3], P
+                ],
+                R,
+            ]
+        ]
+        | FunctionVar[
+            ReflexCallable[
+                Concatenate[V1, VarWithDefault[V2], VarWithDefault[V3], P], R
+            ]
+        ]
+        | FunctionVar[ReflexCallable[Concatenate[V1, V2, VarWithDefault[V3], P], R]]
+        | FunctionVar[ReflexCallable[Concatenate[V1, V2, V3, P], R]],
         arg1: Union[V1, Var[V1]],
         arg2: Union[V2, Var[V2]],
         arg3: Union[V3, Var[V3]],
@@ -148,11 +180,58 @@ class FunctionVar(Var[CALLABLE_TYPE], default_type=ReflexCallable[Any, Any]):
             _var_type=partial_types,
         )
 
+    @overload
+    def call(self: FunctionVar[ReflexCallable[[], R]]) -> VarOperationCall[[], R]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def call(
+        self: FunctionVar[ReflexCallable[[VarWithDefault[V1]], R]],
+        arg1: Union[V1, Var[V1], Unset] = Unset(),
+    ) -> VarOperationCall[[VarWithDefault[V1]], R]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def call(
+        self: FunctionVar[ReflexCallable[[VarWithDefault[V1], VarWithDefault[V2]], R]],
+        arg1: Union[V1, Var[V1], Unset] = Unset(),
+        arg2: Union[V2, Var[V2], Unset] = Unset(),
+    ) -> VarOperationCall[[VarWithDefault[V1], VarWithDefault[V2]], R]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def call(
+        self: FunctionVar[
+            ReflexCallable[
+                [VarWithDefault[V1], VarWithDefault[V2], VarWithDefault[V3]], R
+            ]
+        ],
+        arg1: Union[V1, Var[V1], Unset] = Unset(),
+        arg2: Union[V2, Var[V2], Unset] = Unset(),
+        arg3: Union[V3, Var[V3], Unset] = Unset(),
+    ) -> VarOperationCall[
+        [VarWithDefault[V1], VarWithDefault[V2], VarWithDefault[V3]], R
+    ]: ...
+
     @overload
     def call(
         self: FunctionVar[ReflexCallable[[V1], R]], arg1: Union[V1, Var[V1]]
     ) -> VarOperationCall[[V1], R]: ...
 
+    @overload
+    def call(
+        self: FunctionVar[ReflexCallable[[V1, VarWithDefault[V2]], R]],
+        arg1: Union[V1, Var[V1]],
+        arg2: Union[V2, Var[V2], Unset] = Unset(),
+    ) -> VarOperationCall[[V1, VarWithDefault[V2]], R]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def call(
+        self: FunctionVar[
+            ReflexCallable[[V1, VarWithDefault[V2], VarWithDefault[V3]], R]
+        ],
+        arg1: Union[V1, Var[V1]],
+        arg2: Union[V2, Var[V2], Unset] = Unset(),
+        arg3: Union[V3, Var[V3], Unset] = Unset(),
+    ) -> VarOperationCall[[V1, VarWithDefault[V2], VarWithDefault[V3]], R]: ...
+
     @overload
     def call(
         self: FunctionVar[ReflexCallable[[V1, V2], R]],
@@ -160,6 +239,14 @@ class FunctionVar(Var[CALLABLE_TYPE], default_type=ReflexCallable[Any, Any]):
         arg2: Union[V2, Var[V2]],
     ) -> VarOperationCall[[V1, V2], R]: ...
 
+    @overload
+    def call(
+        self: FunctionVar[ReflexCallable[[V1, V2, VarWithDefault[V3]], R]],
+        arg1: Union[V1, Var[V1]],
+        arg2: Union[V2, Var[V2]],
+        arg3: Union[V3, Var[V3], Unset] = Unset(),
+    ) -> VarOperationCall[[V1, V2, VarWithDefault[V3]], R]: ...
+
     @overload
     def call(
         self: FunctionVar[ReflexCallable[[V1, V2, V3], R]],
@@ -198,15 +285,11 @@ class FunctionVar(Var[CALLABLE_TYPE], default_type=ReflexCallable[Any, Any]):
         arg6: Union[V6, Var[V6]],
     ) -> VarOperationCall[[V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6], R]: ...
 
+    # Capture Any to allow for arbitrary number of arguments
     @overload
-    def call(
-        self: FunctionVar[ReflexCallable[P, R]], *args: Var | Any
-    ) -> VarOperationCall[P, R]: ...
+    def call(self: FunctionVar[NoReturn], *args: Var | Any) -> VarOperationCall: ...
 
-    @overload
-    def call(self, *args: Var | Any) -> Var: ...
-
-    def call(self, *args: Var | Any) -> Var:  # type: ignore
+    def call(self, *args: Var | Any) -> VarOperationCall:  # type: ignore
         """Call the function with the given arguments.
 
         Args:
@@ -218,13 +301,53 @@ class FunctionVar(Var[CALLABLE_TYPE], default_type=ReflexCallable[Any, Any]):
         Raises:
             VarTypeError: If the number of arguments is invalid
         """
+        required_arg_len = self._required_arg_len()
         arg_len = self._arg_len()
-        if arg_len is not None and len(args) != arg_len:
-            raise VarTypeError(f"Invalid number of arguments provided to {str(self)}")
+        if arg_len is not None:
+            if len(args) < required_arg_len:
+                raise VarTypeError(
+                    f"Passed {len(args)} arguments, expected at least {required_arg_len} for {str(self)}"
+                )
+            if len(args) > arg_len:
+                raise VarTypeError(
+                    f"Passed {len(args)} arguments, expected at most {arg_len} for {str(self)}"
+                )
         args = tuple(map(LiteralVar.create, args))
         self._pre_check(*args)
         return_type = self._return_type(*args)
-        return VarOperationCall.create(self, *args, _var_type=return_type).guess_type()
+        return VarOperationCall.create(self, *args, _var_type=return_type)
+
+    def chain(
+        self: FunctionVar[ReflexCallable[P, R]],
+        other: FunctionVar[ReflexCallable[[R], R2]]
+        | FunctionVar[ReflexCallable[[R, VarWithDefault[Any]], R2]]
+        | FunctionVar[
+            ReflexCallable[[R, VarWithDefault[Any], VarWithDefault[Any]], R2]
+        ],
+    ) -> FunctionVar[ReflexCallable[P, R2]]:
+        """Chain two functions together.
+
+        Args:
+            other: The other function to chain.
+
+        Returns:
+            The chained function.
+        """
+        self_arg_type, self_return_type = unwrap_reflex_callalbe(self._var_type)
+        _, other_return_type = unwrap_reflex_callalbe(other._var_type)
+
+        return ArgsFunctionOperationBuilder.create(
+            (),
+            VarOperationCall.create(
+                other,
+                VarOperationCall.create(
+                    self, Var(_js_expr="...args"), _var_type=self_return_type
+                ),
+                _var_type=other_return_type,
+            ),
+            rest="arg",
+            _var_type=ReflexCallable[self_arg_type, other_return_type],  # pyright: ignore [reportInvalidTypeArguments]
+        )
 
     def _partial_type(
         self, *args: Var | Any
@@ -253,6 +376,21 @@ class FunctionVar(Var[CALLABLE_TYPE], default_type=ReflexCallable[Any, Any]):
             return len(args_types)
         return None
 
+    def _required_arg_len(self) -> int:
+        """Get the number of required arguments the function takes.
+
+        Returns:
+            The number of required arguments the function takes.
+        """
+        args_types, _ = unwrap_reflex_callalbe(self._var_type)
+        if isinstance(args_types, tuple):
+            return sum(
+                1
+                for arg_type in args_types
+                if get_origin(arg_type) is not VarWithDefault
+            )
+        return 0
+
     def _return_type(self, *args: Var | Any) -> GenericType:
         """Override the type of the function call with the given arguments.
 
@@ -265,7 +403,9 @@ class FunctionVar(Var[CALLABLE_TYPE], default_type=ReflexCallable[Any, Any]):
         partial_types, _ = self._partial_type(*args)
         return unwrap_reflex_callalbe(partial_types)[1]
 
-    def _pre_check(self, *args: Var | Any) -> Tuple[Callable[[Any], bool], ...]:
+    def _pre_check(
+        self, *args: Var | Any
+    ) -> Tuple[Callable[[Any], Optional[str]], ...]:
         """Check if the function can be called with the given arguments.
 
         Args:
@@ -276,6 +416,30 @@ class FunctionVar(Var[CALLABLE_TYPE], default_type=ReflexCallable[Any, Any]):
         """
         return tuple()
 
+    @overload
+    def __get__(self, instance: None, owner: Any) -> FunctionVar[CALLABLE_TYPE]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def __get__(
+        self: FunctionVar[ReflexCallable[Concatenate[V1, P], R]],
+        instance: Var[V1],
+        owner: Any,
+    ) -> FunctionVar[ReflexCallable[P, R]]: ...
+
+    def __get__(self, instance: Any, owner: Any):
+        """Get the function var.
+
+        Args:
+            instance: The instance of the class.
+            owner: The owner of the class.
+
+        Returns:
+            The function var.
+        """
+        if instance is None:
+            return self
+        return self.partial(instance)
+
     __call__ = call
 
 
@@ -321,7 +485,9 @@ class FunctionStringVar(FunctionVar[CALLABLE_TYPE]):
 class VarOperationCall(Generic[P, R], CachedVarOperation, Var[R]):
     """Base class for immutable vars that are the result of a function call."""
 
-    _func: Optional[FunctionVar[ReflexCallable[P, R]]] = dataclasses.field(default=None)
+    _func: Optional[FunctionVar[ReflexCallable[..., R]]] = dataclasses.field(
+        default=None
+    )
     _args: Tuple[Union[Var, Any], ...] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=tuple)
 
     @cached_property_no_lock
@@ -331,7 +497,8 @@ class VarOperationCall(Generic[P, R], CachedVarOperation, Var[R]):
         Returns:
             The name of the var.
         """
-        return f"({str(self._func)}({', '.join([str(LiteralVar.create(arg)) for arg in self._args])}))"
+        func_str = str(self._func)
+        return f"({func_str}({', '.join([str(LiteralVar.create(arg)) for arg in self._args])}))"
 
     @cached_property_no_lock
     def _cached_get_all_var_data(self) -> VarData | None:
@@ -422,8 +589,16 @@ def format_args_function_operation(
     """
     arg_names_str = ", ".join(
         [
-            arg if isinstance(arg, str) else arg.to_javascript()
-            for arg in self._args.args
+            (arg if isinstance(arg, str) else arg.to_javascript())
+            + (
+                f" = {str(default_value.default)}"
+                if i < len(self._default_values)
+                and not isinstance(
+                    (default_value := self._default_values[i]), inspect.Parameter.empty
+                )
+                else ""
+            )
+            for i, arg in enumerate(self._args.args)
         ]
         + ([f"...{self._args.rest}"] if self._args.rest else [])
     )
@@ -442,7 +617,7 @@ def format_args_function_operation(
 
 def pre_check_args(
     self: ArgsFunctionOperation | ArgsFunctionOperationBuilder, *args: Var | Any
-) -> Tuple[Callable[[Any], bool], ...]:
+) -> Tuple[Callable[[Any], Optional[str]], ...]:
     """Check if the function can be called with the given arguments.
 
     Args:
@@ -456,14 +631,14 @@ def pre_check_args(
         VarTypeError: If the arguments are invalid.
     """
     for i, (validator, arg) in enumerate(zip(self._validators, args)):
-        if not validator(arg):
+        if (validation_message := validator(arg)) is not None:
             arg_name = self._args.args[i] if i < len(self._args.args) else None
             if arg_name is not None:
                 raise VarTypeError(
-                    f"Invalid argument {str(arg)} provided to {arg_name} in {self._function_name or 'var operation'}"
+                    f"Invalid argument {str(arg)} provided to {arg_name} in {self._function_name or 'var operation'}. {validation_message}"
                 )
             raise VarTypeError(
-                f"Invalid argument {str(arg)} provided to argument {i} in {self._function_name or 'var operation'}"
+                f"Invalid argument {str(arg)} provided to argument {i} in {self._function_name or 'var operation'}. {validation_message}"
             )
     return self._validators[len(args) :]
 
@@ -497,7 +672,10 @@ class ArgsFunctionOperation(CachedVarOperation, FunctionVar[CALLABLE_TYPE]):
     """Base class for immutable function defined via arguments and return expression."""
 
     _args: FunctionArgs = dataclasses.field(default_factory=FunctionArgs)
-    _validators: Tuple[Callable[[Any], bool], ...] = dataclasses.field(
+    _default_values: Tuple[VarWithDefault | inspect.Parameter.empty, ...] = (
+        dataclasses.field(default_factory=tuple)
+    )
+    _validators: Tuple[Callable[[Any], Optional[str]], ...] = dataclasses.field(
         default_factory=tuple
     )
     _return_expr: Union[Var, Any] = dataclasses.field(default=None)
@@ -516,8 +694,10 @@ class ArgsFunctionOperation(CachedVarOperation, FunctionVar[CALLABLE_TYPE]):
         cls,
         args_names: Sequence[Union[str, DestructuredArg]],
         return_expr: Var | Any,
+        /,
+        default_values: Sequence[VarWithDefault | inspect.Parameter.empty] = (),
         rest: str | None = None,
-        validators: Sequence[Callable[[Any], bool]] = (),
+        validators: Sequence[Callable[[Any], Optional[str]]] = (),
         function_name: str = "",
         explicit_return: bool = False,
         type_computer: Optional[TypeComputer] = None,
@@ -529,6 +709,7 @@ class ArgsFunctionOperation(CachedVarOperation, FunctionVar[CALLABLE_TYPE]):
         Args:
             args_names: The names of the arguments.
             return_expr: The return expression of the function.
+            default_values: The default values of the arguments.
             rest: The name of the rest argument.
             validators: The validators for the arguments.
             function_name: The name of the function.
@@ -545,6 +726,7 @@ class ArgsFunctionOperation(CachedVarOperation, FunctionVar[CALLABLE_TYPE]):
             _var_type=_var_type,
             _var_data=_var_data,
             _args=FunctionArgs(args=tuple(args_names), rest=rest),
+            _default_values=tuple(default_values),
             _function_name=function_name,
             _validators=tuple(validators),
             _return_expr=return_expr,
@@ -564,7 +746,10 @@ class ArgsFunctionOperationBuilder(
     """Base class for immutable function defined via arguments and return expression with the builder pattern."""
 
     _args: FunctionArgs = dataclasses.field(default_factory=FunctionArgs)
-    _validators: Tuple[Callable[[Any], bool], ...] = dataclasses.field(
+    _default_values: Tuple[VarWithDefault | inspect.Parameter.empty, ...] = (
+        dataclasses.field(default_factory=tuple)
+    )
+    _validators: Tuple[Callable[[Any], Optional[str]], ...] = dataclasses.field(
         default_factory=tuple
     )
     _return_expr: Union[Var, Any] = dataclasses.field(default=None)
@@ -583,8 +768,10 @@ class ArgsFunctionOperationBuilder(
         cls,
         args_names: Sequence[Union[str, DestructuredArg]],
         return_expr: Var | Any,
+        /,
+        default_values: Sequence[VarWithDefault | inspect.Parameter.empty] = (),
         rest: str | None = None,
-        validators: Sequence[Callable[[Any], bool]] = (),
+        validators: Sequence[Callable[[Any], Optional[str]]] = (),
         function_name: str = "",
         explicit_return: bool = False,
         type_computer: Optional[TypeComputer] = None,
@@ -596,6 +783,7 @@ class ArgsFunctionOperationBuilder(
         Args:
             args_names: The names of the arguments.
             return_expr: The return expression of the function.
+            default_values: The default values of the arguments.
             rest: The name of the rest argument.
             validators: The validators for the arguments.
             function_name: The name of the function.
@@ -612,6 +800,7 @@ class ArgsFunctionOperationBuilder(
             _var_type=_var_type,
             _var_data=_var_data,
             _args=FunctionArgs(args=tuple(args_names), rest=rest),
+            _default_values=tuple(default_values),
             _function_name=function_name,
             _validators=tuple(validators),
             _return_expr=return_expr,
diff --git a/reflex/vars/number.py b/reflex/vars/number.py
index 3eb59e427..014cbd16b 100644
--- a/reflex/vars/number.py
+++ b/reflex/vars/number.py
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ from .base import (
 NUMBER_T = TypeVar("NUMBER_T", int, float, Union[int, float], bool)
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .function import FunctionVar
     from .sequence import ArrayVar
 
 
@@ -53,13 +54,7 @@ def raise_unsupported_operand_types(
 class NumberVar(Var[NUMBER_T], python_types=(int, float)):
     """Base class for immutable number vars."""
 
-    @overload
-    def __add__(self, other: number_types) -> NumberVar: ...
-
-    @overload
-    def __add__(self, other: NoReturn) -> NoReturn: ...
-
-    def __add__(self, other: Any):
+    def __add__(self, other: number_types) -> NumberVar:
         """Add two numbers.
 
         Args:
@@ -72,13 +67,7 @@ class NumberVar(Var[NUMBER_T], python_types=(int, float)):
             raise_unsupported_operand_types("+", (type(self), type(other)))
         return number_add_operation(self, +other).guess_type()
 
-    @overload
-    def __radd__(self, other: number_types) -> NumberVar: ...
-
-    @overload
-    def __radd__(self, other: NoReturn) -> NoReturn: ...
-
-    def __radd__(self, other: Any):
+    def __radd__(self, other: number_types) -> NumberVar:
         """Add two numbers.
 
         Args:
@@ -91,13 +80,7 @@ class NumberVar(Var[NUMBER_T], python_types=(int, float)):
             raise_unsupported_operand_types("+", (type(other), type(self)))
         return number_add_operation(+other, self).guess_type()
 
-    @overload
-    def __sub__(self, other: number_types) -> NumberVar: ...
-
-    @overload
-    def __sub__(self, other: NoReturn) -> NoReturn: ...
-
-    def __sub__(self, other: Any):
+    def __sub__(self, other: number_types) -> NumberVar:
         """Subtract two numbers.
 
         Args:
@@ -111,13 +94,7 @@ class NumberVar(Var[NUMBER_T], python_types=(int, float)):
 
         return number_subtract_operation(self, +other).guess_type()
 
-    @overload
-    def __rsub__(self, other: number_types) -> NumberVar: ...
-
-    @overload
-    def __rsub__(self, other: NoReturn) -> NoReturn: ...
-
-    def __rsub__(self, other: Any):
+    def __rsub__(self, other: number_types) -> NumberVar:
         """Subtract two numbers.
 
         Args:
@@ -193,13 +170,7 @@ class NumberVar(Var[NUMBER_T], python_types=(int, float)):
 
         return number_multiply_operation(+other, self).guess_type()
 
-    @overload
-    def __truediv__(self, other: number_types) -> NumberVar: ...
-
-    @overload
-    def __truediv__(self, other: NoReturn) -> NoReturn: ...
-
-    def __truediv__(self, other: Any):
+    def __truediv__(self, other: number_types) -> NumberVar:
         """Divide two numbers.
 
         Args:
@@ -213,13 +184,7 @@ class NumberVar(Var[NUMBER_T], python_types=(int, float)):
 
         return number_true_division_operation(self, +other).guess_type()
 
-    @overload
-    def __rtruediv__(self, other: number_types) -> NumberVar: ...
-
-    @overload
-    def __rtruediv__(self, other: NoReturn) -> NoReturn: ...
-
-    def __rtruediv__(self, other: Any):
+    def __rtruediv__(self, other: number_types) -> NumberVar:
         """Divide two numbers.
 
         Args:
@@ -233,13 +198,7 @@ class NumberVar(Var[NUMBER_T], python_types=(int, float)):
 
         return number_true_division_operation(+other, self).guess_type()
 
-    @overload
-    def __floordiv__(self, other: number_types) -> NumberVar: ...
-
-    @overload
-    def __floordiv__(self, other: NoReturn) -> NoReturn: ...
-
-    def __floordiv__(self, other: Any):
+    def __floordiv__(self, other: number_types) -> NumberVar:
         """Floor divide two numbers.
 
         Args:
@@ -253,13 +212,7 @@ class NumberVar(Var[NUMBER_T], python_types=(int, float)):
 
         return number_floor_division_operation(self, +other).guess_type()
 
-    @overload
-    def __rfloordiv__(self, other: number_types) -> NumberVar: ...
-
-    @overload
-    def __rfloordiv__(self, other: NoReturn) -> NoReturn: ...
-
-    def __rfloordiv__(self, other: Any):
+    def __rfloordiv__(self, other: number_types) -> NumberVar:
         """Floor divide two numbers.
 
         Args:
@@ -273,13 +226,7 @@ class NumberVar(Var[NUMBER_T], python_types=(int, float)):
 
         return number_floor_division_operation(+other, self).guess_type()
 
-    @overload
-    def __mod__(self, other: number_types) -> NumberVar: ...
-
-    @overload
-    def __mod__(self, other: NoReturn) -> NoReturn: ...
-
-    def __mod__(self, other: Any):
+    def __mod__(self, other: number_types) -> NumberVar:
         """Modulo two numbers.
 
         Args:
@@ -293,13 +240,7 @@ class NumberVar(Var[NUMBER_T], python_types=(int, float)):
 
         return number_modulo_operation(self, +other).guess_type()
 
-    @overload
-    def __rmod__(self, other: number_types) -> NumberVar: ...
-
-    @overload
-    def __rmod__(self, other: NoReturn) -> NoReturn: ...
-
-    def __rmod__(self, other: Any):
+    def __rmod__(self, other: number_types) -> NumberVar:
         """Modulo two numbers.
 
         Args:
@@ -313,13 +254,7 @@ class NumberVar(Var[NUMBER_T], python_types=(int, float)):
 
         return number_modulo_operation(+other, self).guess_type()
 
-    @overload
-    def __pow__(self, other: number_types) -> NumberVar: ...
-
-    @overload
-    def __pow__(self, other: NoReturn) -> NoReturn: ...
-
-    def __pow__(self, other: Any):
+    def __pow__(self, other: number_types) -> NumberVar:
         """Exponentiate two numbers.
 
         Args:
@@ -333,13 +268,7 @@ class NumberVar(Var[NUMBER_T], python_types=(int, float)):
 
         return number_exponent_operation(self, +other).guess_type()
 
-    @overload
-    def __rpow__(self, other: number_types) -> NumberVar: ...
-
-    @overload
-    def __rpow__(self, other: NoReturn) -> NoReturn: ...
-
-    def __rpow__(self, other: Any):
+    def __rpow__(self, other: number_types) -> NumberVar:
         """Exponentiate two numbers.
 
         Args:
@@ -409,13 +338,7 @@ class NumberVar(Var[NUMBER_T], python_types=(int, float)):
         """
         return number_trunc_operation(self).guess_type()
 
-    @overload
-    def __lt__(self, other: number_types) -> BooleanVar: ...
-
-    @overload
-    def __lt__(self, other: NoReturn) -> NoReturn: ...
-
-    def __lt__(self, other: Any):
+    def __lt__(self, other: number_types) -> BooleanVar:
         """Less than comparison.
 
         Args:
@@ -426,15 +349,9 @@ class NumberVar(Var[NUMBER_T], python_types=(int, float)):
         """
         if not isinstance(other, NUMBER_TYPES):
             raise_unsupported_operand_types("<", (type(self), type(other)))
-        return less_than_operation(self, +other)
+        return less_than_operation(self, +other).guess_type()
 
-    @overload
-    def __le__(self, other: number_types) -> BooleanVar: ...
-
-    @overload
-    def __le__(self, other: NoReturn) -> NoReturn: ...
-
-    def __le__(self, other: Any):
+    def __le__(self, other: number_types) -> BooleanVar:
         """Less than or equal comparison.
 
         Args:
@@ -445,9 +362,9 @@ class NumberVar(Var[NUMBER_T], python_types=(int, float)):
         """
         if not isinstance(other, NUMBER_TYPES):
             raise_unsupported_operand_types("<=", (type(self), type(other)))
-        return less_than_or_equal_operation(self, +other)
+        return less_than_or_equal_operation(self, +other).guess_type()
 
-    def __eq__(self, other: Any):
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> BooleanVar:
         """Equal comparison.
 
         Args:
@@ -457,10 +374,10 @@ class NumberVar(Var[NUMBER_T], python_types=(int, float)):
             The result of the comparison.
         """
         if isinstance(other, NUMBER_TYPES):
-            return equal_operation(self, +other)
-        return equal_operation(self, other)
+            return equal_operation(self, +other).guess_type()
+        return equal_operation(self, other).guess_type()
 
-    def __ne__(self, other: Any):
+    def __ne__(self, other: Any) -> BooleanVar:
         """Not equal comparison.
 
         Args:
@@ -470,16 +387,10 @@ class NumberVar(Var[NUMBER_T], python_types=(int, float)):
             The result of the comparison.
         """
         if isinstance(other, NUMBER_TYPES):
-            return not_equal_operation(self, +other)
-        return not_equal_operation(self, other)
+            return not_equal_operation(self, +other).guess_type()
+        return not_equal_operation(self, other).guess_type()
 
-    @overload
-    def __gt__(self, other: number_types) -> BooleanVar: ...
-
-    @overload
-    def __gt__(self, other: NoReturn) -> NoReturn: ...
-
-    def __gt__(self, other: Any):
+    def __gt__(self, other: number_types) -> BooleanVar:
         """Greater than comparison.
 
         Args:
@@ -490,15 +401,9 @@ class NumberVar(Var[NUMBER_T], python_types=(int, float)):
         """
         if not isinstance(other, NUMBER_TYPES):
             raise_unsupported_operand_types(">", (type(self), type(other)))
-        return greater_than_operation(self, +other)
+        return greater_than_operation(self, +other).guess_type()
 
-    @overload
-    def __ge__(self, other: number_types) -> BooleanVar: ...
-
-    @overload
-    def __ge__(self, other: NoReturn) -> NoReturn: ...
-
-    def __ge__(self, other: Any):
+    def __ge__(self, other: number_types) -> BooleanVar:
         """Greater than or equal comparison.
 
         Args:
@@ -509,9 +414,9 @@ class NumberVar(Var[NUMBER_T], python_types=(int, float)):
         """
         if not isinstance(other, NUMBER_TYPES):
             raise_unsupported_operand_types(">=", (type(self), type(other)))
-        return greater_than_or_equal_operation(self, +other)
+        return greater_than_or_equal_operation(self, +other).guess_type()
 
-    def bool(self):
+    def bool(self) -> BooleanVar:
         """Boolean conversion.
 
         Returns:
@@ -863,7 +768,7 @@ def boolean_to_number_operation(value: Var[bool]):
 
 def comparison_operator(
     func: Callable[[Var, Var], str],
-) -> Callable[[Var | Any, Var | Any], BooleanVar]:
+) -> FunctionVar[ReflexCallable[[Any, Any], bool]]:
     """Decorator to create a comparison operation.
 
     Args:
@@ -873,26 +778,15 @@ def comparison_operator(
         The comparison operation.
     """
 
-    @var_operation
     def operation(lhs: Var[Any], rhs: Var[Any]):
         return var_operation_return(
             js_expression=func(lhs, rhs),
             var_type=bool,
         )
 
-    def wrapper(lhs: Var | Any, rhs: Var | Any) -> BooleanVar:
-        """Create the comparison operation.
+    operation.__name__ = func.__name__
 
-        Args:
-            lhs: The first value.
-            rhs: The second value.
-
-        Returns:
-            The comparison operation.
-        """
-        return operation(lhs, rhs).guess_type()
-
-    return wrapper
+    return var_operation(operation)
 
 
 @comparison_operator
@@ -1104,6 +998,14 @@ _IS_TRUE_IMPORT: ImportDict = {
     f"$/{Dirs.STATE_PATH}": [ImportVar(tag="isTrue")],
 }
 
+_AT_SLICE_IMPORT: ImportDict = {
+    f"$/{Dirs.STATE_PATH}": [ImportVar(tag="atSlice")],
+}
+
+_RANGE_IMPORT: ImportDict = {
+    f"$/{Dirs.UTILS}/helpers/range": [ImportVar(tag="range", is_default=True)],
+}
+
 
 @var_operation
 def boolify(value: Var):
@@ -1122,8 +1024,8 @@ def boolify(value: Var):
     )
 
 
-T = TypeVar("T")
-U = TypeVar("U")
+T = TypeVar("T", bound=Any)
+U = TypeVar("U", bound=Any)
 
 
 @var_operation
diff --git a/reflex/vars/object.py b/reflex/vars/object.py
index 8607e7b9f..fb47984c3 100644
--- a/reflex/vars/object.py
+++ b/reflex/vars/object.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from typing import (
     Dict,
     List,
     NoReturn,
+    Sequence,
     Tuple,
     Type,
     TypeVar,
@@ -71,9 +72,9 @@ class ObjectVar(Var[OBJECT_TYPE], python_types=dict):
     ) -> Type[VALUE_TYPE]: ...
 
     @overload
-    def _value_type(self) -> Type: ...
+    def _value_type(self) -> GenericType: ...
 
-    def _value_type(self) -> Type:
+    def _value_type(self) -> GenericType:
         """Get the type of the values of the object.
 
         Returns:
@@ -85,7 +86,7 @@ class ObjectVar(Var[OBJECT_TYPE], python_types=dict):
         args = get_args(self._var_type) if issubclass(fixed_type, dict) else ()
         return args[1] if args else Any
 
-    def keys(self) -> ArrayVar[List[str]]:
+    def keys(self) -> ArrayVar[Sequence[str]]:
         """Get the keys of the object.
 
         Returns:
@@ -96,7 +97,7 @@ class ObjectVar(Var[OBJECT_TYPE], python_types=dict):
     @overload
     def values(
         self: ObjectVar[Dict[Any, VALUE_TYPE]],
-    ) -> ArrayVar[List[VALUE_TYPE]]: ...
+    ) -> ArrayVar[Sequence[VALUE_TYPE]]: ...
 
     @overload
     def values(self) -> ArrayVar: ...
@@ -112,7 +113,7 @@ class ObjectVar(Var[OBJECT_TYPE], python_types=dict):
     @overload
     def entries(
         self: ObjectVar[Dict[Any, VALUE_TYPE]],
-    ) -> ArrayVar[List[Tuple[str, VALUE_TYPE]]]: ...
+    ) -> ArrayVar[Sequence[Tuple[str, VALUE_TYPE]]]: ...
 
     @overload
     def entries(self) -> ArrayVar: ...
@@ -163,9 +164,9 @@ class ObjectVar(Var[OBJECT_TYPE], python_types=dict):
 
     @overload
     def __getitem__(
-        self: ObjectVar[Dict[Any, list[ARRAY_INNER_TYPE]]],
+        self: ObjectVar[Dict[Any, Sequence[ARRAY_INNER_TYPE]]],
         key: Var | Any,
-    ) -> ArrayVar[list[ARRAY_INNER_TYPE]]: ...
+    ) -> ArrayVar[Sequence[ARRAY_INNER_TYPE]]: ...
 
     @overload
     def __getitem__(
@@ -173,12 +174,6 @@ class ObjectVar(Var[OBJECT_TYPE], python_types=dict):
         key: Var | Any,
     ) -> ArrayVar[set[ARRAY_INNER_TYPE]]: ...
 
-    @overload
-    def __getitem__(
-        self: ObjectVar[Dict[Any, tuple[ARRAY_INNER_TYPE, ...]]],
-        key: Var | Any,
-    ) -> ArrayVar[tuple[ARRAY_INNER_TYPE, ...]]: ...
-
     @overload
     def __getitem__(
         self: ObjectVar[Dict[Any, dict[OTHER_KEY_TYPE, VALUE_TYPE]]],
@@ -202,7 +197,7 @@ class ObjectVar(Var[OBJECT_TYPE], python_types=dict):
 
     # NoReturn is used here to catch when key value is Any
     @overload
-    def __getattr__(
+    def __getattr__(  # pyright: ignore [reportOverlappingOverload]
         self: ObjectVar[Dict[Any, NoReturn]],
         name: str,
     ) -> Var: ...
@@ -225,9 +220,9 @@ class ObjectVar(Var[OBJECT_TYPE], python_types=dict):
 
     @overload
     def __getattr__(
-        self: ObjectVar[Dict[Any, list[ARRAY_INNER_TYPE]]],
+        self: ObjectVar[Dict[Any, Sequence[ARRAY_INNER_TYPE]]],
         name: str,
-    ) -> ArrayVar[list[ARRAY_INNER_TYPE]]: ...
+    ) -> ArrayVar[Sequence[ARRAY_INNER_TYPE]]: ...
 
     @overload
     def __getattr__(
@@ -235,12 +230,6 @@ class ObjectVar(Var[OBJECT_TYPE], python_types=dict):
         name: str,
     ) -> ArrayVar[set[ARRAY_INNER_TYPE]]: ...
 
-    @overload
-    def __getattr__(
-        self: ObjectVar[Dict[Any, tuple[ARRAY_INNER_TYPE, ...]]],
-        name: str,
-    ) -> ArrayVar[tuple[ARRAY_INNER_TYPE, ...]]: ...
-
     @overload
     def __getattr__(
         self: ObjectVar[Dict[Any, dict[OTHER_KEY_TYPE, VALUE_TYPE]]],
@@ -311,7 +300,7 @@ class LiteralObjectVar(CachedVarOperation, ObjectVar[OBJECT_TYPE], LiteralVar):
         default_factory=dict
     )
 
-    def _key_type(self) -> Type:
+    def _key_type(self) -> GenericType:
         """Get the type of the keys of the object.
 
         Returns:
@@ -320,7 +309,7 @@ class LiteralObjectVar(CachedVarOperation, ObjectVar[OBJECT_TYPE], LiteralVar):
         args_list = typing.get_args(self._var_type)
         return args_list[0] if args_list else Any
 
-    def _value_type(self) -> Type:
+    def _value_type(self) -> GenericType:
         """Get the type of the values of the object.
 
         Returns:
diff --git a/reflex/vars/sequence.py b/reflex/vars/sequence.py
index 759f9ac5d..7b71a8208 100644
--- a/reflex/vars/sequence.py
+++ b/reflex/vars/sequence.py
@@ -13,16 +13,14 @@ from typing import (
     TYPE_CHECKING,
     Any,
     Callable,
-    Dict,
+    ClassVar,
     List,
-    Literal,
-    NoReturn,
+    Sequence,
     Set,
     Tuple,
     Type,
     Union,
     cast,
-    overload,
 )
 
 from typing_extensions import TypeAliasType, TypeVar
@@ -40,6 +38,7 @@ from .base import (
     ReflexCallable,
     Var,
     VarData,
+    VarWithDefault,
     _global_vars,
     cached_property_no_lock,
     figure_out_type,
@@ -53,7 +52,9 @@ from .base import (
     var_operation_return,
 )
 from .number import (
-    BooleanVar,
+    _AT_SLICE_IMPORT,
+    _IS_TRUE_IMPORT,
+    _RANGE_IMPORT,
     LiteralNumberVar,
     NumberVar,
     raise_unsupported_operand_types,
@@ -62,302 +63,18 @@ from .number import (
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from .function import FunctionVar
-    from .object import ObjectVar
 
 STRING_TYPE = TypeVar("STRING_TYPE", default=str)
+ARRAY_VAR_TYPE = TypeVar("ARRAY_VAR_TYPE", bound=Union[Set, Tuple, Sequence])
+OTHER_ARRAY_VAR_TYPE = TypeVar(
+    "OTHER_ARRAY_VAR_TYPE", bound=Union[Set, Tuple, Sequence]
+)
 
+INNER_ARRAY_VAR = TypeVar("INNER_ARRAY_VAR", covariant=True)
+ANOTHER_ARRAY_VAR = TypeVar("ANOTHER_ARRAY_VAR", covariant=True)
 
-class StringVar(Var[STRING_TYPE], python_types=str):
-    """Base class for immutable string vars."""
-
-    @overload
-    def __add__(self, other: StringVar | str) -> ConcatVarOperation: ...
-
-    @overload
-    def __add__(self, other: NoReturn) -> NoReturn: ...
-
-    def __add__(self, other: Any) -> ConcatVarOperation:
-        """Concatenate two strings.
-
-        Args:
-            other: The other string.
-
-        Returns:
-            The string concatenation operation.
-        """
-        if not isinstance(other, (StringVar, str)):
-            raise_unsupported_operand_types("+", (type(self), type(other)))
-
-        return ConcatVarOperation.create(self, other)
-
-    @overload
-    def __radd__(self, other: StringVar | str) -> ConcatVarOperation: ...
-
-    @overload
-    def __radd__(self, other: NoReturn) -> NoReturn: ...
-
-    def __radd__(self, other: Any) -> ConcatVarOperation:
-        """Concatenate two strings.
-
-        Args:
-            other: The other string.
-
-        Returns:
-            The string concatenation operation.
-        """
-        if not isinstance(other, (StringVar, str)):
-            raise_unsupported_operand_types("+", (type(other), type(self)))
-
-        return ConcatVarOperation.create(other, self)
-
-    @overload
-    def __mul__(self, other: NumberVar | int) -> StringVar: ...
-
-    @overload
-    def __mul__(self, other: NoReturn) -> NoReturn: ...
-
-    def __mul__(self, other: Any) -> StringVar:
-        """Multiply the sequence by a number or an integer.
-
-        Args:
-            other: The number or integer to multiply the sequence by.
-
-        Returns:
-            StringVar: The resulting sequence after multiplication.
-        """
-        if not isinstance(other, (NumberVar, int)):
-            raise_unsupported_operand_types("*", (type(self), type(other)))
-
-        return (self.split() * other).join()
-
-    @overload
-    def __rmul__(self, other: NumberVar | int) -> StringVar: ...
-
-    @overload
-    def __rmul__(self, other: NoReturn) -> NoReturn: ...
-
-    def __rmul__(self, other: Any) -> StringVar:
-        """Multiply the sequence by a number or an integer.
-
-        Args:
-            other: The number or integer to multiply the sequence by.
-
-        Returns:
-            StringVar: The resulting sequence after multiplication.
-        """
-        if not isinstance(other, (NumberVar, int)):
-            raise_unsupported_operand_types("*", (type(other), type(self)))
-
-        return (self.split() * other).join()
-
-    @overload
-    def __getitem__(self, i: slice) -> StringVar: ...
-
-    @overload
-    def __getitem__(self, i: int | NumberVar) -> StringVar: ...
-
-    def __getitem__(self, i: Any) -> StringVar:
-        """Get a slice of the string.
-
-        Args:
-            i: The slice.
-
-        Returns:
-            The string slice operation.
-        """
-        if isinstance(i, slice):
-            return self.split()[i].join()
-        if not isinstance(i, (int, NumberVar)) or (
-            isinstance(i, NumberVar) and i._is_strict_float()
-        ):
-            raise_unsupported_operand_types("[]", (type(self), type(i)))
-        return string_item_operation(self, i).guess_type()
-
-    def length(self) -> NumberVar:
-        """Get the length of the string.
-
-        Returns:
-            The string length operation.
-        """
-        return self.split().length()
-
-    def lower(self) -> StringVar:
-        """Convert the string to lowercase.
-
-        Returns:
-            The string lower operation.
-        """
-        return string_lower_operation(self).guess_type()
-
-    def upper(self) -> StringVar:
-        """Convert the string to uppercase.
-
-        Returns:
-            The string upper operation.
-        """
-        return string_upper_operation(self).guess_type()
-
-    def strip(self) -> StringVar:
-        """Strip the string.
-
-        Returns:
-            The string strip operation.
-        """
-        return string_strip_operation(self).guess_type()
-
-    def reversed(self) -> StringVar:
-        """Reverse the string.
-
-        Returns:
-            The string reverse operation.
-        """
-        return self.split().reverse().join()
-
-    @overload
-    def contains(
-        self, other: StringVar | str, field: StringVar | str | None = None
-    ) -> BooleanVar: ...
-
-    @overload
-    def contains(
-        self, other: NoReturn, field: StringVar | str | None = None
-    ) -> NoReturn: ...
-
-    def contains(self, other: Any, field: Any = None) -> BooleanVar:
-        """Check if the string contains another string.
-
-        Args:
-            other: The other string.
-            field: The field to check.
-
-        Returns:
-            The string contains operation.
-        """
-        if not isinstance(other, (StringVar, str)):
-            raise_unsupported_operand_types("contains", (type(self), type(other)))
-        if field is not None:
-            if not isinstance(field, (StringVar, str)):
-                raise_unsupported_operand_types("contains", (type(self), type(field)))
-            return string_contains_field_operation(self, other, field).guess_type()
-        return string_contains_operation(self, other).guess_type()
-
-    @overload
-    def split(self, separator: StringVar | str = "") -> ArrayVar[List[str]]: ...
-
-    @overload
-    def split(self, separator: NoReturn) -> NoReturn: ...
-
-    def split(self, separator: Any = "") -> ArrayVar[List[str]]:
-        """Split the string.
-
-        Args:
-            separator: The separator.
-
-        Returns:
-            The string split operation.
-        """
-        if not isinstance(separator, (StringVar, str)):
-            raise_unsupported_operand_types("split", (type(self), type(separator)))
-        return string_split_operation(self, separator).guess_type()
-
-    @overload
-    def startswith(self, prefix: StringVar | str) -> BooleanVar: ...
-
-    @overload
-    def startswith(self, prefix: NoReturn) -> NoReturn: ...
-
-    def startswith(self, prefix: Any) -> BooleanVar:
-        """Check if the string starts with a prefix.
-
-        Args:
-            prefix: The prefix.
-
-        Returns:
-            The string starts with operation.
-        """
-        if not isinstance(prefix, (StringVar, str)):
-            raise_unsupported_operand_types("startswith", (type(self), type(prefix)))
-        return string_starts_with_operation(self, prefix).guess_type()
-
-    @overload
-    def __lt__(self, other: StringVar | str) -> BooleanVar: ...
-
-    @overload
-    def __lt__(self, other: NoReturn) -> NoReturn: ...
-
-    def __lt__(self, other: Any):
-        """Check if the string is less than another string.
-
-        Args:
-            other: The other string.
-
-        Returns:
-            The string less than operation.
-        """
-        if not isinstance(other, (StringVar, str)):
-            raise_unsupported_operand_types("<", (type(self), type(other)))
-
-        return string_lt_operation(self, other).guess_type()
-
-    @overload
-    def __gt__(self, other: StringVar | str) -> BooleanVar: ...
-
-    @overload
-    def __gt__(self, other: NoReturn) -> NoReturn: ...
-
-    def __gt__(self, other: Any):
-        """Check if the string is greater than another string.
-
-        Args:
-            other: The other string.
-
-        Returns:
-            The string greater than operation.
-        """
-        if not isinstance(other, (StringVar, str)):
-            raise_unsupported_operand_types(">", (type(self), type(other)))
-
-        return string_gt_operation(self, other).guess_type()
-
-    @overload
-    def __le__(self, other: StringVar | str) -> BooleanVar: ...
-
-    @overload
-    def __le__(self, other: NoReturn) -> NoReturn: ...
-
-    def __le__(self, other: Any):
-        """Check if the string is less than or equal to another string.
-
-        Args:
-            other: The other string.
-
-        Returns:
-            The string less than or equal operation.
-        """
-        if not isinstance(other, (StringVar, str)):
-            raise_unsupported_operand_types("<=", (type(self), type(other)))
-
-        return string_le_operation(self, other).guess_type()
-
-    @overload
-    def __ge__(self, other: StringVar | str) -> BooleanVar: ...
-
-    @overload
-    def __ge__(self, other: NoReturn) -> NoReturn: ...
-
-    def __ge__(self, other: Any):
-        """Check if the string is greater than or equal to another string.
-
-        Args:
-            other: The other string.
-
-        Returns:
-            The string greater than or equal operation.
-        """
-        if not isinstance(other, (StringVar, str)):
-            raise_unsupported_operand_types(">=", (type(self), type(other)))
-
-        return string_ge_operation(self, other).guess_type()
+KEY_TYPE = TypeVar("KEY_TYPE")
+VALUE_TYPE = TypeVar("VALUE_TYPE")
 
 
 @var_operation
@@ -457,7 +174,9 @@ def string_strip_operation(string: Var[str]):
 
 @var_operation
 def string_contains_field_operation(
-    haystack: Var[str], needle: Var[str], field: Var[str]
+    haystack: Var[str],
+    needle: Var[str],
+    field: VarWithDefault[str] = VarWithDefault(""),
 ):
     """Check if a string contains another string.
 
@@ -470,7 +189,7 @@ def string_contains_field_operation(
         The string contains operation.
     """
     return var_operation_return(
-        js_expression=f"{haystack}.some(obj => obj[{field}] === {needle})",
+        js_expression=f"{field.bool()} ? {haystack}.some(obj => obj[{field}] === {needle}) : {haystack}.some(obj => obj === {needle})",
         var_type=bool,
     )
 
@@ -541,6 +260,782 @@ def string_replace_operation(
     )
 
 
+@var_operation
+def array_pluck_operation(
+    array: Var[Sequence[Any]],
+    field: Var[str],
+) -> CustomVarOperationReturn[Sequence[Any]]:
+    """Pluck a field from an array of objects.
+
+    Args:
+        array: The array to pluck from.
+        field: The field to pluck from the objects in the array.
+
+    Returns:
+        The reversed array.
+    """
+    return var_operation_return(
+        js_expression=f"{array}.map(e=>e?.[{field}])",
+        var_type=List[Any],
+    )
+
+
+@var_operation
+def array_join_operation(
+    array: Var[Sequence[Any]], sep: VarWithDefault[str] = VarWithDefault("")
+):
+    """Join the elements of an array.
+
+    Args:
+        array: The array.
+        sep: The separator.
+
+    Returns:
+        The joined elements.
+    """
+    return var_operation_return(js_expression=f"{array}.join({sep})", var_type=str)
+
+
+@var_operation
+def array_reverse_operation(
+    array: Var[Sequence[INNER_ARRAY_VAR]],
+) -> CustomVarOperationReturn[Sequence[INNER_ARRAY_VAR]]:
+    """Reverse an array.
+
+    Args:
+        array: The array to reverse.
+
+    Returns:
+        The reversed array.
+    """
+    return var_operation_return(
+        js_expression=f"{array}.slice().reverse()",
+        type_computer=passthrough_unary_type_computer(ReflexCallable[[List], List]),
+    )
+
+
+@var_operation
+def array_lt_operation(lhs: Var[ARRAY_VAR_TYPE], rhs: Var[ARRAY_VAR_TYPE]):
+    """Check if an array is less than another array.
+
+    Args:
+        lhs: The left-hand side array.
+        rhs: The right-hand side array.
+
+    Returns:
+        The array less than operation.
+    """
+    return var_operation_return(js_expression=f"{lhs} < {rhs}", var_type=bool)
+
+
+@var_operation
+def array_gt_operation(lhs: Var[ARRAY_VAR_TYPE], rhs: Var[ARRAY_VAR_TYPE]):
+    """Check if an array is greater than another array.
+
+    Args:
+        lhs: The left-hand side array.
+        rhs: The right-hand side array.
+
+    Returns:
+        The array greater than operation.
+    """
+    return var_operation_return(js_expression=f"{lhs} > {rhs}", var_type=bool)
+
+
+@var_operation
+def array_le_operation(lhs: Var[ARRAY_VAR_TYPE], rhs: Var[ARRAY_VAR_TYPE]):
+    """Check if an array is less than or equal to another array.
+
+    Args:
+        lhs: The left-hand side array.
+        rhs: The right-hand side array.
+
+    Returns:
+        The array less than or equal operation.
+    """
+    return var_operation_return(js_expression=f"{lhs} <= {rhs}", var_type=bool)
+
+
+@var_operation
+def array_ge_operation(lhs: Var[ARRAY_VAR_TYPE], rhs: Var[ARRAY_VAR_TYPE]):
+    """Check if an array is greater than or equal to another array.
+
+    Args:
+        lhs: The left-hand side array.
+        rhs: The right-hand side array.
+
+    Returns:
+        The array greater than or equal operation.
+    """
+    return var_operation_return(js_expression=f"{lhs} >= {rhs}", var_type=bool)
+
+
+@var_operation
+def array_length_operation(array: Var[ARRAY_VAR_TYPE]):
+    """Get the length of an array.
+
+    Args:
+        array: The array.
+
+    Returns:
+        The length of the array.
+    """
+    return var_operation_return(
+        js_expression=f"{array}.length",
+        var_type=int,
+    )
+
+
+@var_operation
+def string_split_operation(
+    string: Var[str], sep: VarWithDefault[str] = VarWithDefault("")
+):
+    """Split a string.
+
+    Args:
+        string: The string to split.
+        sep: The separator.
+
+    Returns:
+        The split string.
+    """
+    return var_operation_return(
+        js_expression=f"isTrue({sep}) ? {string}.split({sep}) : [...{string}]",
+        var_type=Sequence[str],
+        var_data=VarData(imports=_IS_TRUE_IMPORT),
+    )
+
+
+@var_operation
+def array_slice_operation(
+    array: Var[Sequence[INNER_ARRAY_VAR]],
+    slice: Var[slice],
+) -> CustomVarOperationReturn[Sequence[INNER_ARRAY_VAR]]:
+    """Get a slice from an array.
+
+    Args:
+        array: The array.
+        slice: The slice.
+
+    Returns:
+        The item or slice from the array.
+    """
+    return var_operation_return(
+        js_expression=f"at_slice({array}, {slice})",
+        type_computer=nary_type_computer(
+            ReflexCallable[[List, slice], Any],
+            ReflexCallable[[slice], Any],
+            computer=lambda args: args[0]._var_type,
+        ),
+        var_data=VarData(
+            imports=_AT_SLICE_IMPORT,
+        ),
+    )
+
+
+@var_operation
+def array_item_operation(
+    array: Var[Sequence[INNER_ARRAY_VAR]], index: Var[int]
+) -> CustomVarOperationReturn[INNER_ARRAY_VAR]:
+    """Get an item from an array.
+
+    Args:
+        array: The array.
+        index: The index of the item.
+
+    Returns:
+        The item from the array.
+    """
+
+    def type_computer(*args):
+        if len(args) == 0:
+            return (
+                ReflexCallable[[List[Any], int], Any],
+                functools.partial(type_computer, *args),
+            )
+
+        array = args[0]
+        array_args = typing.get_args(array._var_type)
+
+        if len(args) == 1:
+            return (
+                ReflexCallable[[int], unionize(*array_args)],
+                functools.partial(type_computer, *args),
+            )
+
+        index = args[1]
+
+        if (
+            array_args
+            and isinstance(index, LiteralNumberVar)
+            and is_tuple_type(array._var_type)
+        ):
+            index_value = int(index._var_value)
+            element_type = array_args[index_value % len(array_args)]
+        else:
+            element_type = unionize(*array_args)
+
+        return (ReflexCallable[[], element_type], None)
+
+    return var_operation_return(
+        js_expression=f"{array}.at({index})",
+        type_computer=type_computer,
+    )
+
+
+@var_operation
+def array_range_operation(
+    e1: Var[int],
+    e2: VarWithDefault[int | None] = VarWithDefault(None),
+    step: VarWithDefault[int] = VarWithDefault(1),
+) -> CustomVarOperationReturn[Sequence[int]]:
+    """Create a range of numbers.
+
+    Args:
+        e1: The end of the range if e2 is not provided, otherwise the start of the range.
+        e2: The end of the range.
+        step: The step of the range.
+
+    Returns:
+        The range of numbers.
+    """
+    return var_operation_return(
+        js_expression=f"range({e1}, {e2}, {step})",
+        var_type=List[int],
+        var_data=VarData(
+            imports=_RANGE_IMPORT,
+        ),
+    )
+
+
+@var_operation
+def array_contains_field_operation(
+    haystack: Var[ARRAY_VAR_TYPE],
+    needle: Var[Any],
+    field: VarWithDefault[str] = VarWithDefault(""),
+):
+    """Check if an array contains an element.
+
+    Args:
+        haystack: The array to check.
+        needle: The element to check for.
+        field: The field to check.
+
+    Returns:
+        The array contains operation.
+    """
+    return var_operation_return(
+        js_expression=f"isTrue({field}) ? {haystack}.some(obj => obj[{field}] === {needle}) : {haystack}.some(obj => obj === {needle})",
+        var_type=bool,
+        var_data=VarData(
+            imports=_IS_TRUE_IMPORT,
+        ),
+    )
+
+
+@var_operation
+def array_contains_operation(haystack: Var[ARRAY_VAR_TYPE], needle: Var):
+    """Check if an array contains an element.
+
+    Args:
+        haystack: The array to check.
+        needle: The element to check for.
+
+    Returns:
+        The array contains operation.
+    """
+    return var_operation_return(
+        js_expression=f"{haystack}.includes({needle})",
+        var_type=bool,
+    )
+
+
+@var_operation
+def repeat_array_operation(
+    array: Var[Sequence[INNER_ARRAY_VAR]], count: Var[int]
+) -> CustomVarOperationReturn[Sequence[INNER_ARRAY_VAR]]:
+    """Repeat an array a number of times.
+
+    Args:
+        array: The array to repeat.
+        count: The number of times to repeat the array.
+
+    Returns:
+        The repeated array.
+    """
+
+    def type_computer(*args: Var):
+        if not args:
+            return (
+                ReflexCallable[[List[Any], int], List[Any]],
+                type_computer,
+            )
+        if len(args) == 1:
+            return (
+                ReflexCallable[[int], args[0]._var_type],
+                functools.partial(type_computer, *args),
+            )
+        return (ReflexCallable[[], args[0]._var_type], None)
+
+    return var_operation_return(
+        js_expression=f"Array.from({{ length: {count} }}).flatMap(() => {array})",
+        type_computer=type_computer,
+    )
+
+
+@var_operation
+def repeat_string_operation(
+    string: Var[str], count: Var[int]
+) -> CustomVarOperationReturn[str]:
+    """Repeat a string a number of times.
+
+    Args:
+        string: The string to repeat.
+        count: The number of times to repeat the string.
+
+    Returns:
+        The repeated string.
+    """
+    return var_operation_return(
+        js_expression=f"{string}.repeat({count})",
+        var_type=str,
+    )
+
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    pass
+
+
+@var_operation
+def map_array_operation(
+    array: Var[Sequence[INNER_ARRAY_VAR]],
+    function: Var[
+        ReflexCallable[[INNER_ARRAY_VAR], ANOTHER_ARRAY_VAR]
+        | ReflexCallable[[], ANOTHER_ARRAY_VAR]
+    ],
+) -> CustomVarOperationReturn[Sequence[ANOTHER_ARRAY_VAR]]:
+    """Map a function over an array.
+
+    Args:
+        array: The array.
+        function: The function to map.
+
+    Returns:
+        The mapped array.
+    """
+
+    def type_computer(*args: Var):
+        if not args:
+            return (
+                ReflexCallable[[List[Any], ReflexCallable], List[Any]],
+                type_computer,
+            )
+        if len(args) == 1:
+            return (
+                ReflexCallable[[ReflexCallable], List[Any]],
+                functools.partial(type_computer, *args),
+            )
+        return (ReflexCallable[[], List[args[0]._var_type]], None)
+
+    return var_operation_return(
+        js_expression=f"{array}.map({function})",
+        type_computer=nary_type_computer(
+            ReflexCallable[[List[Any], ReflexCallable], List[Any]],
+            ReflexCallable[[ReflexCallable], List[Any]],
+            computer=lambda args: List[unwrap_reflex_callalbe(args[1]._var_type)[1]],  # type: ignore
+        ),
+    )
+
+
+@var_operation
+def array_concat_operation(
+    lhs: Var[Sequence[INNER_ARRAY_VAR]], rhs: Var[Sequence[ANOTHER_ARRAY_VAR]]
+) -> CustomVarOperationReturn[Sequence[INNER_ARRAY_VAR | ANOTHER_ARRAY_VAR]]:
+    """Concatenate two arrays.
+
+    Args:
+        lhs: The left-hand side array.
+        rhs: The right-hand side array.
+
+    Returns:
+        The concatenated array.
+    """
+    return var_operation_return(
+        js_expression=f"[...{lhs}, ...{rhs}]",
+        type_computer=nary_type_computer(
+            ReflexCallable[[List[Any], List[Any]], List[Any]],
+            ReflexCallable[[List[Any]], List[Any]],
+            computer=lambda args: unionize(args[0]._var_type, args[1]._var_type),
+        ),
+    )
+
+
+@var_operation
+def string_concat_operation(
+    lhs: Var[str], rhs: Var[str]
+) -> CustomVarOperationReturn[str]:
+    """Concatenate two strings.
+
+    Args:
+        lhs: The left-hand side string.
+        rhs: The right-hand side string.
+
+    Returns:
+        The concatenated string.
+    """
+    return var_operation_return(
+        js_expression=f"{lhs} + {rhs}",
+        var_type=str,
+    )
+
+
+@var_operation
+def reverse_string_concat_operation(
+    lhs: Var[str], rhs: Var[str]
+) -> CustomVarOperationReturn[str]:
+    """Concatenate two strings in reverse order.
+
+    Args:
+        lhs: The left-hand side string.
+        rhs: The right-hand side string.
+
+    Returns:
+        The concatenated string.
+    """
+    return var_operation_return(
+        js_expression=f"{rhs} + {lhs}",
+        var_type=str,
+    )
+
+
+class SliceVar(Var[slice], python_types=slice):
+    """Base class for immutable slice vars."""
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass(
+    eq=False,
+    frozen=True,
+    **{"slots": True} if sys.version_info >= (3, 10) else {},
+)
+class LiteralSliceVar(CachedVarOperation, LiteralVar, SliceVar):
+    """Base class for immutable literal slice vars."""
+
+    _var_value: slice = dataclasses.field(default=slice(None))
+
+    @cached_property_no_lock
+    def _cached_var_name(self) -> str:
+        """The name of the var.
+
+        Returns:
+            The name of the var.
+        """
+        return f"[{str(LiteralVar.create(self._var_value.start))}, {str(LiteralVar.create(self._var_value.stop))}, {str(LiteralVar.create(self._var_value.step))}]"
+
+    @cached_property_no_lock
+    def _cached_get_all_var_data(self) -> VarData | None:
+        """Get all the VarData asVarDatae Var.
+
+        Returns:
+            The VarData associated with the Var.
+        """
+        return VarData.merge(
+            *[
+                var._get_all_var_data()
+                for var in [
+                    self._var_value.start,
+                    self._var_value.stop,
+                    self._var_value.step,
+                ]
+                if isinstance(var, Var)
+            ],
+            self._var_data,
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create(
+        cls,
+        value: slice,
+        _var_type: Type[slice] | None = None,
+        _var_data: VarData | None = None,
+    ) -> SliceVar:
+        """Create a var from a slice value.
+
+        Args:
+            value: The value to create the var from.
+            _var_type: The type of the var.
+            _var_data: Additional hooks and imports associated with the Var.
+
+        Returns:
+            The var.
+        """
+        return cls(
+            _js_expr="",
+            _var_type=_var_type,
+            _var_data=_var_data,
+            _var_value=value,
+        )
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        """Get the hash of the var.
+
+        Returns:
+            The hash of the var.
+        """
+        return hash(
+            (
+                self.__class__.__name__,
+                self._var_value.start,
+                self._var_value.stop,
+                self._var_value.step,
+            )
+        )
+
+    def json(self) -> str:
+        """Get the JSON representation of the var.
+
+        Returns:
+            The JSON representation of the var.
+        """
+        return json.dumps(
+            [self._var_value.start, self._var_value.stop, self._var_value.step]
+        )
+
+
+class ArrayVar(Var[ARRAY_VAR_TYPE], python_types=(Sequence, set)):
+    """Base class for immutable array vars."""
+
+    join = array_join_operation
+
+    reverse = array_reverse_operation
+
+    __add__ = array_concat_operation
+
+    __getitem__ = array_item_operation
+
+    slice = array_slice_operation
+
+    length = array_length_operation
+
+    range: ClassVar[
+        FunctionVar[
+            ReflexCallable[
+                [int, VarWithDefault[int | None], VarWithDefault[int]], Sequence[int]
+            ]
+        ]
+    ] = array_range_operation
+
+    contains = array_contains_field_operation
+
+    pluck = array_pluck_operation
+
+    __rmul__ = __mul__ = repeat_array_operation
+
+    __lt__ = array_lt_operation
+
+    __gt__ = array_gt_operation
+
+    __le__ = array_le_operation
+
+    __ge__ = array_ge_operation
+
+    def foreach(
+        self: ArrayVar[Sequence[INNER_ARRAY_VAR]],
+        fn: Callable[[Var[INNER_ARRAY_VAR]], ANOTHER_ARRAY_VAR]
+        | Callable[[], ANOTHER_ARRAY_VAR],
+    ) -> ArrayVar[Sequence[ANOTHER_ARRAY_VAR]]:
+        """Apply a function to each element of the array.
+
+        Args:
+            fn: The function to apply.
+
+        Returns:
+            The array after applying the function.
+
+        Raises:
+            VarTypeError: If the function takes more than one argument.
+        """
+        from .function import ArgsFunctionOperation
+
+        if not callable(fn):
+            raise_unsupported_operand_types("foreach", (type(self), type(fn)))
+        # get the number of arguments of the function
+        num_args = len(inspect.signature(fn).parameters)
+        if num_args > 1:
+            raise VarTypeError(
+                "The function passed to foreach should take at most one argument."
+            )
+
+        if num_args == 0:
+            return_value = fn()  # type: ignore
+            simple_function_var: FunctionVar[ReflexCallable[[], ANOTHER_ARRAY_VAR]] = (
+                ArgsFunctionOperation.create(tuple(), return_value)
+            )
+            return map_array_operation(self, simple_function_var).guess_type()
+
+        # generic number var
+        number_var = Var("").to(NumberVar, int)
+
+        first_arg_type = self.__getitem__(number_var)._var_type
+
+        arg_name = get_unique_variable_name()
+
+        # get first argument type
+        first_arg = cast(
+            Var[Any],
+            Var(
+                _js_expr=arg_name,
+                _var_type=first_arg_type,
+            ).guess_type(),
+        )
+
+        function_var = cast(
+            Var[ReflexCallable[[INNER_ARRAY_VAR], ANOTHER_ARRAY_VAR]],
+            ArgsFunctionOperation.create(
+                (arg_name,),
+                Var.create(fn(first_arg)),  # type: ignore
+            ),
+        )
+
+        return map_array_operation.call(self, function_var).guess_type()
+
+
+LIST_ELEMENT = TypeVar("LIST_ELEMENT", covariant=True)
+
+ARRAY_VAR_OF_LIST_ELEMENT = TypeAliasType(
+    "ARRAY_VAR_OF_LIST_ELEMENT",
+    Union[
+        ArrayVar[Sequence[LIST_ELEMENT]],
+        ArrayVar[Set[LIST_ELEMENT]],
+    ],
+    type_params=(LIST_ELEMENT,),
+)
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass(
+    eq=False,
+    frozen=True,
+    **{"slots": True} if sys.version_info >= (3, 10) else {},
+)
+class LiteralArrayVar(CachedVarOperation, LiteralVar, ArrayVar[ARRAY_VAR_TYPE]):
+    """Base class for immutable literal array vars."""
+
+    _var_value: Union[
+        Sequence[Union[Var, Any]],
+        Set[Union[Var, Any]],
+    ] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=list)
+
+    @cached_property_no_lock
+    def _cached_var_name(self) -> str:
+        """The name of the var.
+
+        Returns:
+            The name of the var.
+        """
+        return (
+            "["
+            + ", ".join(
+                [str(LiteralVar.create(element)) for element in self._var_value]
+            )
+            + "]"
+        )
+
+    @cached_property_no_lock
+    def _cached_get_all_var_data(self) -> VarData | None:
+        """Get all the VarData associated with the Var.
+
+        Returns:
+            The VarData associated with the Var.
+        """
+        return VarData.merge(
+            *[
+                LiteralVar.create(element)._get_all_var_data()
+                for element in self._var_value
+            ],
+            self._var_data,
+        )
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        """Get the hash of the var.
+
+        Returns:
+            The hash of the var.
+        """
+        return hash((self.__class__.__name__, self._js_expr))
+
+    def json(self) -> str:
+        """Get the JSON representation of the var.
+
+        Returns:
+            The JSON representation of the var.
+        """
+        return (
+            "["
+            + ", ".join(
+                [LiteralVar.create(element).json() for element in self._var_value]
+            )
+            + "]"
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create(
+        cls,
+        value: ARRAY_VAR_TYPE,
+        _var_type: Type[ARRAY_VAR_TYPE] | None = None,
+        _var_data: VarData | None = None,
+    ) -> LiteralArrayVar[ARRAY_VAR_TYPE]:
+        """Create a var from a string value.
+
+        Args:
+            value: The value to create the var from.
+            _var_data: Additional hooks and imports associated with the Var.
+
+        Returns:
+            The var.
+        """
+        return cls(
+            _js_expr="",
+            _var_type=figure_out_type(value) if _var_type is None else _var_type,
+            _var_data=_var_data,
+            _var_value=value,
+        )
+
+
+class StringVar(Var[STRING_TYPE], python_types=str):
+    """Base class for immutable string vars."""
+
+    __add__ = string_concat_operation
+
+    __radd__ = reverse_string_concat_operation
+
+    __getitem__ = string_item_operation
+
+    lower = string_lower_operation
+
+    upper = string_upper_operation
+
+    strip = string_strip_operation
+
+    contains = string_contains_field_operation
+
+    split = string_split_operation
+
+    length = split.chain(array_length_operation)
+
+    reversed = split.chain(array_reverse_operation).chain(array_join_operation)
+
+    startswith = string_starts_with_operation
+
+    __rmul__ = __mul__ = repeat_string_operation
+
+    __lt__ = string_lt_operation
+
+    __gt__ = string_gt_operation
+
+    __le__ = string_le_operation
+
+    __ge__ = string_ge_operation
+
+
 # Compile regex for finding reflex var tags.
 _decode_var_pattern_re = (
     rf"{constants.REFLEX_VAR_OPENING_TAG}(.*?){constants.REFLEX_VAR_CLOSING_TAG}"
@@ -749,784 +1244,6 @@ class ConcatVarOperation(CachedVarOperation, StringVar[str]):
         )
 
 
-ARRAY_VAR_TYPE = TypeVar("ARRAY_VAR_TYPE", bound=Union[List, Tuple, Set])
-
-OTHER_TUPLE = TypeVar("OTHER_TUPLE")
-
-INNER_ARRAY_VAR = TypeVar("INNER_ARRAY_VAR")
-ANOTHER_ARRAY_VAR = TypeVar("ANOTHER_ARRAY_VAR")
-
-KEY_TYPE = TypeVar("KEY_TYPE")
-VALUE_TYPE = TypeVar("VALUE_TYPE")
-
-
-class ArrayVar(Var[ARRAY_VAR_TYPE], python_types=(list, tuple, set)):
-    """Base class for immutable array vars."""
-
-    @overload
-    def join(self, sep: StringVar | str = "") -> StringVar: ...
-
-    @overload
-    def join(self, sep: NoReturn) -> NoReturn: ...
-
-    def join(self, sep: Any = "") -> StringVar:
-        """Join the elements of the array.
-
-        Args:
-            sep: The separator between elements.
-
-        Returns:
-            The joined elements.
-        """
-        if not isinstance(sep, (StringVar, str)):
-            raise_unsupported_operand_types("join", (type(self), type(sep)))
-        if (
-            isinstance(self, LiteralArrayVar)
-            and (
-                len(
-                    args := [
-                        x
-                        for x in self._var_value
-                        if isinstance(x, (LiteralStringVar, str))
-                    ]
-                )
-                == len(self._var_value)
-            )
-            and isinstance(sep, (LiteralStringVar, str))
-        ):
-            sep_str = sep._var_value if isinstance(sep, LiteralStringVar) else sep
-            return LiteralStringVar.create(
-                sep_str.join(
-                    i._var_value if isinstance(i, LiteralStringVar) else i for i in args
-                )
-            )
-        return array_join_operation(self, sep).guess_type()
-
-    def reverse(self) -> ArrayVar[ARRAY_VAR_TYPE]:
-        """Reverse the array.
-
-        Returns:
-            The reversed array.
-        """
-        return array_reverse_operation(self).to(ArrayVar, self._var_type)
-
-    @overload
-    def __add__(self, other: ArrayVar[ARRAY_VAR_TYPE]) -> ArrayVar[ARRAY_VAR_TYPE]: ...
-
-    @overload
-    def __add__(self, other: NoReturn) -> NoReturn: ...
-
-    def __add__(self, other: Any) -> ArrayVar[ARRAY_VAR_TYPE]:
-        """Concatenate two arrays.
-
-        Parameters:
-            other: The other array to concatenate.
-
-        Returns:
-            ArrayConcatOperation: The concatenation of the two arrays.
-        """
-        if not isinstance(other, ArrayVar):
-            raise_unsupported_operand_types("+", (type(self), type(other)))
-
-        return array_concat_operation(self, other).to(
-            ArrayVar, unionize(self._var_type, other._var_type)
-        )
-
-    @overload
-    def __getitem__(self, i: slice) -> ArrayVar[ARRAY_VAR_TYPE]: ...
-
-    @overload
-    def __getitem__(
-        self: (
-            ArrayVar[Tuple[int, OTHER_TUPLE]]
-            | ArrayVar[Tuple[float, OTHER_TUPLE]]
-            | ArrayVar[Tuple[int | float, OTHER_TUPLE]]
-        ),
-        i: Literal[0, -2],
-    ) -> NumberVar: ...
-
-    @overload
-    def __getitem__(
-        self: (
-            ArrayVar[Tuple[Any, int]]
-            | ArrayVar[Tuple[Any, float]]
-            | ArrayVar[Tuple[Any, int | float]]
-        ),
-        i: Literal[1, -1],
-    ) -> NumberVar: ...
-
-    @overload
-    def __getitem__(
-        self: ArrayVar[Tuple[str, Any]], i: Literal[0, -2]
-    ) -> StringVar: ...
-
-    @overload
-    def __getitem__(
-        self: ArrayVar[Tuple[Any, str]], i: Literal[1, -1]
-    ) -> StringVar: ...
-
-    @overload
-    def __getitem__(
-        self: ArrayVar[Tuple[bool, Any]], i: Literal[0, -2]
-    ) -> BooleanVar: ...
-
-    @overload
-    def __getitem__(
-        self: ArrayVar[Tuple[Any, bool]], i: Literal[1, -1]
-    ) -> BooleanVar: ...
-
-    @overload
-    def __getitem__(
-        self: (
-            ARRAY_VAR_OF_LIST_ELEMENT[int]
-            | ARRAY_VAR_OF_LIST_ELEMENT[float]
-            | ARRAY_VAR_OF_LIST_ELEMENT[int | float]
-        ),
-        i: int | NumberVar,
-    ) -> NumberVar: ...
-
-    @overload
-    def __getitem__(
-        self: ARRAY_VAR_OF_LIST_ELEMENT[str], i: int | NumberVar
-    ) -> StringVar: ...
-
-    @overload
-    def __getitem__(
-        self: ARRAY_VAR_OF_LIST_ELEMENT[bool], i: int | NumberVar
-    ) -> BooleanVar: ...
-
-    @overload
-    def __getitem__(
-        self: ARRAY_VAR_OF_LIST_ELEMENT[List[INNER_ARRAY_VAR]],
-        i: int | NumberVar,
-    ) -> ArrayVar[List[INNER_ARRAY_VAR]]: ...
-
-    @overload
-    def __getitem__(
-        self: ARRAY_VAR_OF_LIST_ELEMENT[Set[INNER_ARRAY_VAR]],
-        i: int | NumberVar,
-    ) -> ArrayVar[Set[INNER_ARRAY_VAR]]: ...
-
-    @overload
-    def __getitem__(
-        self: ARRAY_VAR_OF_LIST_ELEMENT[Tuple[KEY_TYPE, VALUE_TYPE]],
-        i: int | NumberVar,
-    ) -> ArrayVar[Tuple[KEY_TYPE, VALUE_TYPE]]: ...
-
-    @overload
-    def __getitem__(
-        self: ARRAY_VAR_OF_LIST_ELEMENT[Tuple[INNER_ARRAY_VAR, ...]],
-        i: int | NumberVar,
-    ) -> ArrayVar[Tuple[INNER_ARRAY_VAR, ...]]: ...
-
-    @overload
-    def __getitem__(
-        self: ARRAY_VAR_OF_LIST_ELEMENT[Dict[KEY_TYPE, VALUE_TYPE]],
-        i: int | NumberVar,
-    ) -> ObjectVar[Dict[KEY_TYPE, VALUE_TYPE]]: ...
-
-    @overload
-    def __getitem__(self, i: int | NumberVar) -> Var: ...
-
-    def __getitem__(self, i: Any) -> ArrayVar[ARRAY_VAR_TYPE] | Var:
-        """Get a slice of the array.
-
-        Args:
-            i: The slice.
-
-        Returns:
-            The array slice operation.
-        """
-        if isinstance(i, slice):
-            return ArraySliceOperation.create(self, i)
-        if not isinstance(i, (int, NumberVar)) or (
-            isinstance(i, NumberVar) and i._is_strict_float()
-        ):
-            raise_unsupported_operand_types("[]", (type(self), type(i)))
-        return array_item_operation(self, i).guess_type()
-
-    def length(self) -> NumberVar:
-        """Get the length of the array.
-
-        Returns:
-            The length of the array.
-        """
-        return array_length_operation(self).guess_type()
-
-    @overload
-    @classmethod
-    def range(cls, stop: int | NumberVar, /) -> ArrayVar[List[int]]: ...
-
-    @overload
-    @classmethod
-    def range(
-        cls,
-        start: int | NumberVar,
-        end: int | NumberVar,
-        step: int | NumberVar = 1,
-        /,
-    ) -> ArrayVar[List[int]]: ...
-
-    @overload
-    @classmethod
-    def range(
-        cls,
-        first_endpoint: int | NumberVar,
-        second_endpoint: int | NumberVar | None = None,
-        step: int | NumberVar | None = None,
-    ) -> ArrayVar[List[int]]: ...
-
-    @classmethod
-    def range(
-        cls,
-        first_endpoint: int | NumberVar,
-        second_endpoint: int | NumberVar | None = None,
-        step: int | NumberVar | None = None,
-    ) -> ArrayVar[List[int]]:
-        """Create a range of numbers.
-
-        Args:
-            first_endpoint: The end of the range if second_endpoint is not provided, otherwise the start of the range.
-            second_endpoint: The end of the range.
-            step: The step of the range.
-
-        Returns:
-            The range of numbers.
-        """
-        if any(
-            not isinstance(i, (int, NumberVar))
-            for i in (first_endpoint, second_endpoint, step)
-            if i is not None
-        ):
-            raise_unsupported_operand_types(
-                "range", (type(first_endpoint), type(second_endpoint), type(step))
-            )
-        if second_endpoint is None:
-            start = 0
-            end = first_endpoint
-        else:
-            start = first_endpoint
-            end = second_endpoint
-
-        return array_range_operation(start, end, step or 1).guess_type()
-
-    @overload
-    def contains(self, other: Any) -> BooleanVar: ...
-
-    @overload
-    def contains(self, other: Any, field: StringVar | str) -> BooleanVar: ...
-
-    def contains(self, other: Any, field: Any = None) -> BooleanVar:
-        """Check if the array contains an element.
-
-        Args:
-            other: The element to check for.
-            field: The field to check.
-
-        Returns:
-            The array contains operation.
-        """
-        if field is not None:
-            if not isinstance(field, (StringVar, str)):
-                raise_unsupported_operand_types("contains", (type(self), type(field)))
-            return array_contains_field_operation(self, other, field).guess_type()
-        return array_contains_operation(self, other).guess_type()
-
-    def pluck(self, field: StringVar | str) -> ArrayVar:
-        """Pluck a field from the array.
-
-        Args:
-            field: The field to pluck from the array.
-
-        Returns:
-            The array pluck operation.
-        """
-        return array_pluck_operation(self, field).guess_type()
-
-    @overload
-    def __mul__(self, other: NumberVar | int) -> ArrayVar[ARRAY_VAR_TYPE]: ...
-
-    @overload
-    def __mul__(self, other: NoReturn) -> NoReturn: ...
-
-    def __mul__(self, other: Any) -> ArrayVar[ARRAY_VAR_TYPE]:
-        """Multiply the sequence by a number or integer.
-
-        Parameters:
-            other: The number or integer to multiply the sequence by.
-
-        Returns:
-            ArrayVar[ARRAY_VAR_TYPE]: The result of multiplying the sequence by the given number or integer.
-        """
-        if not isinstance(other, (NumberVar, int)) or (
-            isinstance(other, NumberVar) and other._is_strict_float()
-        ):
-            raise_unsupported_operand_types("*", (type(self), type(other)))
-
-        return repeat_array_operation(self, other).to(ArrayVar, self._var_type)
-
-    __rmul__ = __mul__  # type: ignore
-
-    @overload
-    def __lt__(self, other: ArrayVar[ARRAY_VAR_TYPE]) -> BooleanVar: ...
-
-    @overload
-    def __lt__(self, other: list | tuple) -> BooleanVar: ...
-
-    def __lt__(self, other: Any):
-        """Check if the array is less than another array.
-
-        Args:
-            other: The other array.
-
-        Returns:
-            The array less than operation.
-        """
-        if not isinstance(other, (ArrayVar, list, tuple)):
-            raise_unsupported_operand_types("<", (type(self), type(other)))
-
-        return array_lt_operation(self, other).guess_type()
-
-    @overload
-    def __gt__(self, other: ArrayVar[ARRAY_VAR_TYPE]) -> BooleanVar: ...
-
-    @overload
-    def __gt__(self, other: list | tuple) -> BooleanVar: ...
-
-    def __gt__(self, other: Any):
-        """Check if the array is greater than another array.
-
-        Args:
-            other: The other array.
-
-        Returns:
-            The array greater than operation.
-        """
-        if not isinstance(other, (ArrayVar, list, tuple)):
-            raise_unsupported_operand_types(">", (type(self), type(other)))
-
-        return array_gt_operation(self, other).guess_type()
-
-    @overload
-    def __le__(self, other: ArrayVar[ARRAY_VAR_TYPE]) -> BooleanVar: ...
-
-    @overload
-    def __le__(self, other: list | tuple) -> BooleanVar: ...
-
-    def __le__(self, other: Any):
-        """Check if the array is less than or equal to another array.
-
-        Args:
-            other: The other array.
-
-        Returns:
-            The array less than or equal operation.
-        """
-        if not isinstance(other, (ArrayVar, list, tuple)):
-            raise_unsupported_operand_types("<=", (type(self), type(other)))
-
-        return array_le_operation(self, other).guess_type()
-
-    @overload
-    def __ge__(self, other: ArrayVar[ARRAY_VAR_TYPE]) -> BooleanVar: ...
-
-    @overload
-    def __ge__(self, other: list | tuple) -> BooleanVar: ...
-
-    def __ge__(self, other: Any):
-        """Check if the array is greater than or equal to another array.
-
-        Args:
-            other: The other array.
-
-        Returns:
-            The array greater than or equal operation.
-        """
-        if not isinstance(other, (ArrayVar, list, tuple)):
-            raise_unsupported_operand_types(">=", (type(self), type(other)))
-
-        return array_ge_operation(self, other).guess_type()
-
-    def foreach(
-        self: ARRAY_VAR_OF_LIST_ELEMENT[INNER_ARRAY_VAR],
-        fn: Callable[[Var[INNER_ARRAY_VAR]], ANOTHER_ARRAY_VAR]
-        | Callable[[], ANOTHER_ARRAY_VAR],
-    ) -> ArrayVar[List[ANOTHER_ARRAY_VAR]]:
-        """Apply a function to each element of the array.
-
-        Args:
-            fn: The function to apply.
-
-        Returns:
-            The array after applying the function.
-
-        Raises:
-            VarTypeError: If the function takes more than one argument.
-        """
-        from .function import ArgsFunctionOperation
-
-        if not callable(fn):
-            raise_unsupported_operand_types("foreach", (type(self), type(fn)))
-        # get the number of arguments of the function
-        num_args = len(inspect.signature(fn).parameters)
-        if num_args > 1:
-            raise VarTypeError(
-                "The function passed to foreach should take at most one argument."
-            )
-
-        if num_args == 0:
-            return_value = fn()  # type: ignore
-            simple_function_var: FunctionVar[ReflexCallable[[], ANOTHER_ARRAY_VAR]] = (
-                ArgsFunctionOperation.create(tuple(), return_value)
-            )
-            return map_array_operation(self, simple_function_var).guess_type()
-
-        # generic number var
-        number_var = Var("").to(NumberVar, int)
-
-        first_arg_type = self[number_var]._var_type
-
-        arg_name = get_unique_variable_name()
-
-        # get first argument type
-        first_arg = cast(
-            Var[Any],
-            Var(
-                _js_expr=arg_name,
-                _var_type=first_arg_type,
-            ).guess_type(),
-        )
-
-        function_var: FunctionVar[
-            ReflexCallable[[INNER_ARRAY_VAR], ANOTHER_ARRAY_VAR]
-        ] = ArgsFunctionOperation.create(
-            (arg_name,),
-            Var.create(fn(first_arg)),  # type: ignore
-        )
-
-        return map_array_operation(self, function_var).guess_type()
-
-
-LIST_ELEMENT = TypeVar("LIST_ELEMENT")
-
-ARRAY_VAR_OF_LIST_ELEMENT = TypeAliasType(
-    "ARRAY_VAR_OF_LIST_ELEMENT",
-    Union[
-        ArrayVar[List[LIST_ELEMENT]],
-        ArrayVar[Tuple[LIST_ELEMENT, ...]],
-        ArrayVar[Set[LIST_ELEMENT]],
-    ],
-    type_params=(LIST_ELEMENT,),
-)
-
-
-@dataclasses.dataclass(
-    eq=False,
-    frozen=True,
-    **{"slots": True} if sys.version_info >= (3, 10) else {},
-)
-class LiteralArrayVar(CachedVarOperation, LiteralVar, ArrayVar[ARRAY_VAR_TYPE]):
-    """Base class for immutable literal array vars."""
-
-    _var_value: Union[
-        List[Union[Var, Any]],
-        Set[Union[Var, Any]],
-        Tuple[Union[Var, Any], ...],
-    ] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=list)
-
-    @cached_property_no_lock
-    def _cached_var_name(self) -> str:
-        """The name of the var.
-
-        Returns:
-            The name of the var.
-        """
-        return (
-            "["
-            + ", ".join(
-                [str(LiteralVar.create(element)) for element in self._var_value]
-            )
-            + "]"
-        )
-
-    @cached_property_no_lock
-    def _cached_get_all_var_data(self) -> VarData | None:
-        """Get all the VarData associated with the Var.
-
-        Returns:
-            The VarData associated with the Var.
-        """
-        return VarData.merge(
-            *[
-                LiteralVar.create(element)._get_all_var_data()
-                for element in self._var_value
-            ],
-            self._var_data,
-        )
-
-    def __hash__(self) -> int:
-        """Get the hash of the var.
-
-        Returns:
-            The hash of the var.
-        """
-        return hash((self.__class__.__name__, self._js_expr))
-
-    def json(self) -> str:
-        """Get the JSON representation of the var.
-
-        Returns:
-            The JSON representation of the var.
-        """
-        return (
-            "["
-            + ", ".join(
-                [LiteralVar.create(element).json() for element in self._var_value]
-            )
-            + "]"
-        )
-
-    @classmethod
-    def create(
-        cls,
-        value: ARRAY_VAR_TYPE,
-        _var_type: Type[ARRAY_VAR_TYPE] | None = None,
-        _var_data: VarData | None = None,
-    ) -> LiteralArrayVar[ARRAY_VAR_TYPE]:
-        """Create a var from a string value.
-
-        Args:
-            value: The value to create the var from.
-            _var_data: Additional hooks and imports associated with the Var.
-
-        Returns:
-            The var.
-        """
-        return cls(
-            _js_expr="",
-            _var_type=figure_out_type(value) if _var_type is None else _var_type,
-            _var_data=_var_data,
-            _var_value=value,
-        )
-
-
-@var_operation
-def string_split_operation(string: Var[str], sep: Var[str]):
-    """Split a string.
-
-    Args:
-        string: The string to split.
-        sep: The separator.
-
-    Returns:
-        The split string.
-    """
-    return var_operation_return(
-        js_expression=f"{string}.split({sep})", var_type=List[str]
-    )
-
-
-@dataclasses.dataclass(
-    eq=False,
-    frozen=True,
-    **{"slots": True} if sys.version_info >= (3, 10) else {},
-)
-class ArraySliceOperation(CachedVarOperation, ArrayVar):
-    """Base class for immutable string vars that are the result of a string slice operation."""
-
-    _array: ArrayVar = dataclasses.field(
-        default_factory=lambda: LiteralArrayVar.create([])
-    )
-    _start: NumberVar | int = dataclasses.field(default_factory=lambda: 0)
-    _stop: NumberVar | int = dataclasses.field(default_factory=lambda: 0)
-    _step: NumberVar | int = dataclasses.field(default_factory=lambda: 1)
-
-    @cached_property_no_lock
-    def _cached_var_name(self) -> str:
-        """The name of the var.
-
-        Returns:
-            The name of the var.
-
-        Raises:
-            ValueError: If the slice step is zero.
-        """
-        start, end, step = self._start, self._stop, self._step
-
-        normalized_start = (
-            LiteralVar.create(start) if start is not None else Var(_js_expr="undefined")
-        )
-        normalized_end = (
-            LiteralVar.create(end) if end is not None else Var(_js_expr="undefined")
-        )
-        if step is None:
-            return f"{str(self._array)}.slice({str(normalized_start)}, {str(normalized_end)})"
-        if not isinstance(step, Var):
-            if step < 0:
-                actual_start = end + 1 if end is not None else 0
-                actual_end = start + 1 if start is not None else self._array.length()
-                return str(self._array[actual_start:actual_end].reverse()[::-step])
-            if step == 0:
-                raise ValueError("slice step cannot be zero")
-            return f"{str(self._array)}.slice({str(normalized_start)}, {str(normalized_end)}).filter((_, i) => i % {str(step)} === 0)"
-
-        actual_start_reverse = end + 1 if end is not None else 0
-        actual_end_reverse = start + 1 if start is not None else self._array.length()
-
-        return f"{str(self.step)} > 0 ? {str(self._array)}.slice({str(normalized_start)}, {str(normalized_end)}).filter((_, i) => i % {str(step)} === 0) : {str(self._array)}.slice({str(actual_start_reverse)}, {str(actual_end_reverse)}).reverse().filter((_, i) => i % {str(-step)} === 0)"
-
-    @classmethod
-    def create(
-        cls,
-        array: ArrayVar,
-        slice: slice,
-        _var_data: VarData | None = None,
-    ) -> ArraySliceOperation:
-        """Create a var from a string value.
-
-        Args:
-            array: The array.
-            slice: The slice.
-            _var_data: Additional hooks and imports associated with the Var.
-
-        Returns:
-            The var.
-        """
-        return cls(
-            _js_expr="",
-            _var_type=array._var_type,
-            _var_data=_var_data,
-            _array=array,
-            _start=slice.start,
-            _stop=slice.stop,
-            _step=slice.step,
-        )
-
-
-@var_operation
-def array_pluck_operation(
-    array: Var[ARRAY_VAR_TYPE],
-    field: Var[str],
-) -> CustomVarOperationReturn[List]:
-    """Pluck a field from an array of objects.
-
-    Args:
-        array: The array to pluck from.
-        field: The field to pluck from the objects in the array.
-
-    Returns:
-        The reversed array.
-    """
-    return var_operation_return(
-        js_expression=f"{array}.map(e=>e?.[{field}])",
-        var_type=List[Any],
-    )
-
-
-@var_operation
-def array_join_operation(array: Var[ARRAY_VAR_TYPE], sep: Var[str]):
-    """Join the elements of an array.
-
-    Args:
-        array: The array.
-        sep: The separator.
-
-    Returns:
-        The joined elements.
-    """
-    return var_operation_return(js_expression=f"{array}.join({sep})", var_type=str)
-
-
-@var_operation
-def array_reverse_operation(
-    array: Var[ARRAY_VAR_TYPE],
-) -> CustomVarOperationReturn[ARRAY_VAR_TYPE]:
-    """Reverse an array.
-
-    Args:
-        array: The array to reverse.
-
-    Returns:
-        The reversed array.
-    """
-    return var_operation_return(
-        js_expression=f"{array}.slice().reverse()",
-        type_computer=passthrough_unary_type_computer(ReflexCallable[[List], List]),
-    )
-
-
-@var_operation
-def array_lt_operation(lhs: Var[ARRAY_VAR_TYPE], rhs: Var[ARRAY_VAR_TYPE]):
-    """Check if an array is less than another array.
-
-    Args:
-        lhs: The left-hand side array.
-        rhs: The right-hand side array.
-
-    Returns:
-        The array less than operation.
-    """
-    return var_operation_return(js_expression=f"{lhs} < {rhs}", var_type=bool)
-
-
-@var_operation
-def array_gt_operation(lhs: Var[ARRAY_VAR_TYPE], rhs: Var[ARRAY_VAR_TYPE]):
-    """Check if an array is greater than another array.
-
-    Args:
-        lhs: The left-hand side array.
-        rhs: The right-hand side array.
-
-    Returns:
-        The array greater than operation.
-    """
-    return var_operation_return(js_expression=f"{lhs} > {rhs}", var_type=bool)
-
-
-@var_operation
-def array_le_operation(lhs: Var[ARRAY_VAR_TYPE], rhs: Var[ARRAY_VAR_TYPE]):
-    """Check if an array is less than or equal to another array.
-
-    Args:
-        lhs: The left-hand side array.
-        rhs: The right-hand side array.
-
-    Returns:
-        The array less than or equal operation.
-    """
-    return var_operation_return(js_expression=f"{lhs} <= {rhs}", var_type=bool)
-
-
-@var_operation
-def array_ge_operation(lhs: Var[ARRAY_VAR_TYPE], rhs: Var[ARRAY_VAR_TYPE]):
-    """Check if an array is greater than or equal to another array.
-
-    Args:
-        lhs: The left-hand side array.
-        rhs: The right-hand side array.
-
-    Returns:
-        The array greater than or equal operation.
-    """
-    return var_operation_return(js_expression=f"{lhs} >= {rhs}", var_type=bool)
-
-
-@var_operation
-def array_length_operation(array: Var[ARRAY_VAR_TYPE]):
-    """Get the length of an array.
-
-    Args:
-        array: The array.
-
-    Returns:
-        The length of the array.
-    """
-    return var_operation_return(
-        js_expression=f"{array}.length",
-        var_type=int,
-    )
-
-
 def is_tuple_type(t: GenericType) -> bool:
     """Check if a type is a tuple type.
 
@@ -1541,207 +1258,6 @@ def is_tuple_type(t: GenericType) -> bool:
     return get_origin(t) is tuple
 
 
-@var_operation
-def array_item_operation(array: Var[ARRAY_VAR_TYPE], index: Var[int]):
-    """Get an item from an array.
-
-    Args:
-        array: The array.
-        index: The index of the item.
-
-    Returns:
-        The item from the array.
-    """
-
-    def type_computer(*args):
-        if len(args) == 0:
-            return (
-                ReflexCallable[[List[Any], int], Any],
-                functools.partial(type_computer, *args),
-            )
-
-        array = args[0]
-        array_args = typing.get_args(array._var_type)
-
-        if len(args) == 1:
-            return (
-                ReflexCallable[[int], unionize(*array_args)],
-                functools.partial(type_computer, *args),
-            )
-
-        index = args[1]
-
-        if (
-            array_args
-            and isinstance(index, LiteralNumberVar)
-            and is_tuple_type(array._var_type)
-        ):
-            index_value = int(index._var_value)
-            element_type = array_args[index_value % len(array_args)]
-        else:
-            element_type = unionize(*array_args)
-
-        return (ReflexCallable[[], element_type], None)
-
-    return var_operation_return(
-        js_expression=f"{str(array)}.at({str(index)})",
-        type_computer=type_computer,
-    )
-
-
-@var_operation
-def array_range_operation(start: Var[int], stop: Var[int], step: Var[int]):
-    """Create a range of numbers.
-
-    Args:
-        start: The start of the range.
-        stop: The end of the range.
-        step: The step of the range.
-
-    Returns:
-        The range of numbers.
-    """
-    return var_operation_return(
-        js_expression=f"Array.from({{ length: ({str(stop)} - {str(start)}) / {str(step)} }}, (_, i) => {str(start)} + i * {str(step)})",
-        var_type=List[int],
-    )
-
-
-@var_operation
-def array_contains_field_operation(
-    haystack: Var[ARRAY_VAR_TYPE], needle: Var, field: Var[str]
-):
-    """Check if an array contains an element.
-
-    Args:
-        haystack: The array to check.
-        needle: The element to check for.
-        field: The field to check.
-
-    Returns:
-        The array contains operation.
-    """
-    return var_operation_return(
-        js_expression=f"{haystack}.some(obj => obj[{field}] === {needle})",
-        var_type=bool,
-    )
-
-
-@var_operation
-def array_contains_operation(haystack: Var[ARRAY_VAR_TYPE], needle: Var):
-    """Check if an array contains an element.
-
-    Args:
-        haystack: The array to check.
-        needle: The element to check for.
-
-    Returns:
-        The array contains operation.
-    """
-    return var_operation_return(
-        js_expression=f"{haystack}.includes({needle})",
-        var_type=bool,
-    )
-
-
-@var_operation
-def repeat_array_operation(
-    array: Var[ARRAY_VAR_TYPE], count: Var[int]
-) -> CustomVarOperationReturn[ARRAY_VAR_TYPE]:
-    """Repeat an array a number of times.
-
-    Args:
-        array: The array to repeat.
-        count: The number of times to repeat the array.
-
-    Returns:
-        The repeated array.
-    """
-
-    def type_computer(*args: Var):
-        if not args:
-            return (
-                ReflexCallable[[List[Any], int], List[Any]],
-                type_computer,
-            )
-        if len(args) == 1:
-            return (
-                ReflexCallable[[int], args[0]._var_type],
-                functools.partial(type_computer, *args),
-            )
-        return (ReflexCallable[[], args[0]._var_type], None)
-
-    return var_operation_return(
-        js_expression=f"Array.from({{ length: {count} }}).flatMap(() => {array})",
-        type_computer=type_computer,
-    )
-
-
-if TYPE_CHECKING:
-    pass
-
-
-@var_operation
-def map_array_operation(
-    array: Var[ARRAY_VAR_OF_LIST_ELEMENT[INNER_ARRAY_VAR]],
-    function: Var[ReflexCallable[[INNER_ARRAY_VAR], ANOTHER_ARRAY_VAR]],
-) -> CustomVarOperationReturn[List[ANOTHER_ARRAY_VAR]]:
-    """Map a function over an array.
-
-    Args:
-        array: The array.
-        function: The function to map.
-
-    Returns:
-        The mapped array.
-    """
-
-    def type_computer(*args: Var):
-        if not args:
-            return (
-                ReflexCallable[[List[Any], ReflexCallable], List[Any]],
-                type_computer,
-            )
-        if len(args) == 1:
-            return (
-                ReflexCallable[[ReflexCallable], List[Any]],
-                functools.partial(type_computer, *args),
-            )
-        return (ReflexCallable[[], List[args[0]._var_type]], None)
-
-    return var_operation_return(
-        js_expression=f"{array}.map({function})",
-        type_computer=nary_type_computer(
-            ReflexCallable[[List[Any], ReflexCallable], List[Any]],
-            ReflexCallable[[ReflexCallable], List[Any]],
-            computer=lambda args: List[unwrap_reflex_callalbe(args[1]._var_type)[1]],  # type: ignore
-        ),
-    )
-
-
-@var_operation
-def array_concat_operation(
-    lhs: Var[ARRAY_VAR_TYPE], rhs: Var[ARRAY_VAR_TYPE]
-) -> CustomVarOperationReturn[ARRAY_VAR_TYPE]:
-    """Concatenate two arrays.
-
-    Args:
-        lhs: The left-hand side array.
-        rhs: The right-hand side array.
-
-    Returns:
-        The concatenated array.
-    """
-    return var_operation_return(
-        js_expression=f"[...{lhs}, ...{rhs}]",
-        type_computer=nary_type_computer(
-            ReflexCallable[[List[Any], List[Any]], List[Any]],
-            ReflexCallable[[List[Any]], List[Any]],
-            computer=lambda args: unionize(args[0]._var_type, args[1]._var_type),
-        ),
-    )
-
-
 class ColorVar(StringVar[Color], python_types=Color):
     """Base class for immutable color vars."""
 
@@ -1802,7 +1318,7 @@ class LiteralColorVar(CachedVarOperation, LiteralVar, ColorVar):
         Returns:
             The name of the var.
         """
-        alpha = self._var_value.alpha
+        alpha = cast(Union[Var[bool], bool], self._var_value.alpha)
         alpha = (
             ternary_operation(
                 alpha,
diff --git a/tests/units/components/core/test_foreach.py b/tests/units/components/core/test_foreach.py
index 228165d3e..f781a9254 100644
--- a/tests/units/components/core/test_foreach.py
+++ b/tests/units/components/core/test_foreach.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from typing import Dict, List, Set, Tuple, Union
+from typing import Dict, List, Sequence, Set, Tuple, Union
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -115,8 +115,10 @@ def display_colors_set(color):
     return box(text(color))
 
 
-def display_nested_list_element(element: ArrayVar[List[str]], index: NumberVar[int]):
-    assert element._var_type == List[str]
+def display_nested_list_element(
+    element: ArrayVar[Sequence[str]], index: NumberVar[int]
+):
+    assert element._var_type == Sequence[str]
     assert index._var_type is int
     return box(text(element[index]))