diff --git a/reflex/state.py b/reflex/state.py
index 7a7d7f43e..21acee67b 100644
--- a/reflex/state.py
+++ b/reflex/state.py
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ from typing import (
     get_type_hints,
 )
 
+from redis.asyncio.client import PubSub
 from sqlalchemy.orm import DeclarativeBase
 from typing_extensions import Self
 
@@ -135,7 +136,7 @@ HANDLED_PICKLE_ERRORS = (
 
 
 def _no_chain_background_task(
-    state_cls: Type["BaseState"], name: str, fn: Callable
+    state_cls: Type[BaseState], name: str, fn: Callable
 ) -> Callable:
     """Protect against directly chaining a background task from another event handler.
 
@@ -172,9 +173,10 @@ def _no_chain_background_task(
     raise TypeError(f"{fn} is marked as a background task, but is not async.")
 
 
+@functools.lru_cache()
 def _substate_key(
     token: str,
-    state_cls_or_name: BaseState | Type[BaseState] | str | Sequence[str],
+    state_cls_or_name: Type[BaseState] | str | Sequence[str],
 ) -> str:
     """Get the substate key.
 
@@ -185,9 +187,7 @@ def _substate_key(
     Returns:
         The substate key.
     """
-    if isinstance(state_cls_or_name, BaseState) or (
-        isinstance(state_cls_or_name, type) and issubclass(state_cls_or_name, BaseState)
-    ):
+    if isinstance(state_cls_or_name, type) and issubclass(state_cls_or_name, BaseState):
         state_cls_or_name = state_cls_or_name.get_full_name()
     elif isinstance(state_cls_or_name, (list, tuple)):
         state_cls_or_name = ".".join(state_cls_or_name)
@@ -301,7 +301,16 @@ def get_var_for_field(cls: Type[BaseState], f: ModelField):
     )
 
 
-class BaseState(Base, ABC, extra=pydantic.Extra.allow):
+class HashableModelMetaclass(type(Base)):
+    def __hash__(self):
+        return id(self)
+        # return hash(f"{self.__module__}.{self.__name__}")
+        # return hash(self.get_full_name())
+
+
+class BaseState(
+    Base, ABC, extra=pydantic.Extra.allow, metaclass=HashableModelMetaclass
+):
     """The state of the app."""
 
     # A map from the var name to the var.
@@ -3066,17 +3075,17 @@ class StateManagerDisk(StateManager):
             state: The state object to populate.
             root_state: The root state object.
         """
-        for substate in state.get_substates():
-            substate_token = _substate_key(client_token, substate)
+        for substate_cls in state.get_substates():
+            substate_token = _substate_key(client_token, substate_cls)
 
-            fresh_instance = await root_state.get_state(substate)
+            fresh_instance = await root_state.get_state(substate_cls)
             instance = await self.load_state(substate_token)
             if instance is not None:
                 # Ensure all substates exist, even if they weren't serialized previously.
                 instance.substates = fresh_instance.substates
             else:
                 instance = fresh_instance
-            state.substates[substate.get_name()] = instance
+            state.substates[substate_cls.get_name()] = instance
             instance.parent_state = state
 
             await self.populate_substates(client_token, instance, root_state)
@@ -3120,7 +3129,7 @@ class StateManagerDisk(StateManager):
             client_token: The client token.
             substate: The substate to set.
         """
-        substate_token = _substate_key(client_token, substate)
+        substate_token = _substate_key(client_token, type(substate))
 
         if substate._get_was_touched():
             substate._was_touched = False  # Reset the touched flag after serializing.
@@ -3177,6 +3186,18 @@ def _default_lock_expiration() -> int:
     return get_config().redis_lock_expiration
 
 
+PUBSUB_CLIENTS: Dict[str, PubSub] = {}
+
+
+async def cached_pubsub(redis: Redis, lock_key_channel: str) -> PubSub:
+    if lock_key_channel in PUBSUB_CLIENTS:
+        return PUBSUB_CLIENTS[lock_key_channel]
+    pubsub = redis.pubsub()
+    await pubsub.psubscribe(lock_key_channel)
+    PUBSUB_CLIENTS[lock_key_channel] = pubsub
+    return pubsub
+
+
 class StateManagerRedis(StateManager):
     """A state manager that stores states in redis."""
 
@@ -3392,7 +3413,7 @@ class StateManagerRedis(StateManager):
             tasks.append(
                 asyncio.create_task(
                     self.set_state(
-                        token=_substate_key(client_token, substate),
+                        token=_substate_key(client_token, type(substate)),
                         state=substate,
                         lock_id=lock_id,
                     )
@@ -3403,7 +3424,7 @@ class StateManagerRedis(StateManager):
             pickle_state = state._serialize()
             if pickle_state:
                 await self.redis.set(
-                    _substate_key(client_token, state),
+                    _substate_key(client_token, type(state)),
                     pickle_state,
                     ex=self.token_expiration,
                 )
@@ -3485,8 +3506,8 @@ class StateManagerRedis(StateManager):
                 raise
         if lock_key not in self._pubsub_locks:
             self._pubsub_locks[lock_key] = asyncio.Lock()
-        async with self._pubsub_locks[lock_key], self.redis.pubsub() as pubsub:
-            await pubsub.psubscribe(lock_key_channel)
+        async with self._pubsub_locks[lock_key]:
+            pubsub = await cached_pubsub(self.redis, lock_key_channel)
             while not state_is_locked:
                 # wait for the lock to be released
                 while True:
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_background_task.py b/tests/integration/test_background_task.py
index 70e2202a6..fa8b55d03 100644
--- a/tests/integration/test_background_task.py
+++ b/tests/integration/test_background_task.py
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ def BackgroundTask():
 
         @rx.event(background=True)
         async def fast_yielding(self):
-            for _ in range(1000):
+            for _ in range(10000):
                 yield State.increment()
 
         @rx.event
@@ -409,4 +409,4 @@ def test_fast_yielding(
     assert background_task._poll_for(lambda: counter.text == "0", timeout=5)
 
     fast_yielding_button.click()
-    assert background_task._poll_for(lambda: counter.text == "1000", timeout=50)
+    assert background_task._poll_for(lambda: counter.text == "10000", timeout=50)
diff --git a/tests/units/test_state.py b/tests/units/test_state.py
index c8a52e6c0..2c18699ba 100644
--- a/tests/units/test_state.py
+++ b/tests/units/test_state.py
@@ -1759,7 +1759,7 @@ def substate_token_redis(state_manager_redis, token):
     Returns:
         Token concatenated with the state_manager's state full_name.
     """
-    return _substate_key(token, state_manager_redis.state)
+    return _substate_key(token, type(state_manager_redis.state))
 
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
@@ -1918,7 +1918,9 @@ async def test_state_proxy(grandchild_state: GrandchildState, mock_app: rx.App):
 
     # Get the state from the state manager directly and check that the value is updated
     gotten_state = await mock_app.state_manager.get_state(
-        _substate_key(grandchild_state.router.session.client_token, grandchild_state)
+        _substate_key(
+            grandchild_state.router.session.client_token, type(grandchild_state)
+        )
     )
     if isinstance(mock_app.state_manager, (StateManagerMemory, StateManagerDisk)):
         # For in-process store, only one instance of the state exists