Merge branch 'main' into lendemor/add_PTH_rule

.github/workflows/benchmarks.yml

@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ jobs:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         # Show OS combos first in GUI
-        os: [ubuntu-latest, windows-latest, macos-12]
+        os: [ubuntu-latest, windows-latest, macos-latest]
         python-version: ['3.9.18', '3.10.13', '3.11.5', '3.12.0']
         exclude:
           - os: windows-latest
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ jobs:
             python-version: '3.9.18'
           - os: macos-latest
             python-version: '3.10.13'
-          - os: macos-12
+          - os: macos-latest
             python-version: '3.12.0'
         include:
           - os: windows-latest
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ jobs:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         # Show OS combos first in GUI
-        os: [ubuntu-latest, windows-latest, macos-12]
+        os: [ubuntu-latest, windows-latest, macos-latest]
         python-version: ['3.11.5']
 
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}

.github/workflows/check_outdated_dependencies.yml

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ jobs:
       working-directory: ./reflex-web
       run: poetry run uv pip install -r requirements.txt
     - name: Install additional dependencies for DB access
-      run: poetry run uv pip install psycopg2-binary
+      run: poetry run uv pip install psycopg
     - name: Init Website for reflex-web
       working-directory: ./reflex-web
       run: poetry run reflex init

.github/workflows/integration_app_harness.yml

@@ -22,9 +22,9 @@ jobs:
     timeout-minutes: 30
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        state_manager: ["redis", "memory"]
+        state_manager: ['redis', 'memory']
+        python-version: ['3.11.5', '3.12.0', '3.13.0']
         split_index: [1, 2]
-        python-version: ["3.11.5", "3.12.0"]
       fail-fast: false
     runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     services:

.github/workflows/integration_tests.yml

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ jobs:
       matrix:
         # Show OS combos first in GUI
         os: [ubuntu-latest, windows-latest]
-        python-version: ['3.9.18', '3.10.13', '3.11.5', '3.12.0']
+        python-version: ['3.9.18', '3.10.13', '3.11.5', '3.12.0', '3.13.0']
         exclude:
           - os: windows-latest
             python-version: '3.10.13'
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           poetry run uv pip install -r requirements.txt
       - name: Install additional dependencies for DB access
-        run: poetry run uv pip install psycopg2-binary
+        run: poetry run uv pip install psycopg
       - name: Check export --backend-only before init for counter example
         working-directory: ./reflex-examples/counter
         run: |
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ jobs:
         working-directory: ./reflex-web
         run: poetry run uv pip install $(grep -ivE "reflex " requirements.txt)
       - name: Install additional dependencies for DB access
-        run: poetry run uv pip install psycopg2-binary
+        run: poetry run uv pip install psycopg
       - name: Init Website for reflex-web
         working-directory: ./reflex-web
         run: poetry run reflex init
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ jobs:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         python-version: ['3.11.5', '3.12.0']
-    runs-on: macos-12
+    runs-on: macos-latest
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - uses: ./.github/actions/setup_build_env
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ jobs:
         working-directory: ./reflex-web
         run: poetry run uv pip install -r requirements.txt
       - name: Install additional dependencies for DB access
-        run: poetry run uv pip install psycopg2-binary
+        run: poetry run uv pip install psycopg
       - name: Init Website for reflex-web
         working-directory: ./reflex-web
         run: poetry run reflex init

.github/workflows/unit_tests.yml

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ jobs:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         os: [ubuntu-latest, windows-latest]
-        python-version: ['3.9.18', '3.10.13', '3.11.5', '3.12.0']
+        python-version: ['3.9.18', '3.10.13', '3.11.5', '3.12.0', '3.13.0']
         # Windows is a bit behind on Python version availability in Github
         exclude:
           - os: windows-latest
@@ -88,8 +88,9 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
-        python-version: ['3.9.18', '3.10.13', '3.11.5', '3.12.0']
+        # Note: py39, py310 versions chosen due to available arm64 darwin builds.
-    runs-on: macos-12
+        python-version: ['3.9.13', '3.10.11', '3.11.5', '3.12.0', '3.13.0']
+    runs-on: macos-latest
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - uses: ./.github/actions/setup_build_env

docker-example/production-app-platform/Dockerfile

@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ FROM python:3.13-slim
 WORKDIR /app
 RUN adduser --disabled-password --home /app reflex
 COPY --chown=reflex --from=init /app /app
-# Install libpq-dev for psycopg2 (skip if not using postgres).
+# Install libpq-dev for psycopg (skip if not using postgres).
 RUN apt-get update -y && apt-get install -y libpq-dev && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
 USER reflex
 ENV PATH="/app/.venv/bin:$PATH" PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1

docker-example/production-compose/Dockerfile

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ FROM python:3.13-slim
 WORKDIR /app
 RUN adduser --disabled-password --home /app reflex
 COPY --chown=reflex --from=init /app /app
-# Install libpq-dev for psycopg2 (skip if not using postgres).
+# Install libpq-dev for psycopg (skip if not using postgres).
 RUN apt-get update -y && apt-get install -y libpq-dev && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
 USER reflex
 ENV PATH="/app/.venv/bin:$PATH" PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1

docker-example/production-compose/compose.prod.yaml

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ services:
 
   app:
     environment:
-      DB_URL: postgresql+psycopg2://postgres:secret@db/postgres
+      DB_URL: postgresql+psycopg://postgres:secret@db/postgres
       REDIS_URL: redis://redis:6379
     depends_on:
       - db

poetry.lock

@@ -1542,18 +1542,18 @@ type = ["mypy (>=1.11.2)"]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "playwright"
-version = "1.49.0"
+version = "1.49.1"
 description = "A high-level API to automate web browsers"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.9"
 files = [
-    {file = "playwright-1.49.0-py3-none-macosx_10_13_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:704532a2d8ba580ec9e1895bfeafddce2e3d52320d4eb8aa38e80376acc5cbb0"},
+    {file = "playwright-1.49.1-py3-none-macosx_10_13_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:1041ffb45a0d0bc44d698d3a5aa3ac4b67c9bd03540da43a0b70616ad52592b8"},
-    {file = "playwright-1.49.0-py3-none-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl", hash = "sha256:e453f02c4e5cc2db7e9759c47e7425f32e50ac76c76b7eb17c69eed72f01c4d8"},
+    {file = "playwright-1.49.1-py3-none-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl", hash = "sha256:9f38ed3d0c1f4e0a6d1c92e73dd9a61f8855133249d6f0cec28648d38a7137be"},
-    {file = "playwright-1.49.0-py3-none-macosx_11_0_universal2.whl", hash = "sha256:37ae985309184472946a6eb1a237e5d93c9e58a781fa73b75c8751325002a5d4"},
+    {file = "playwright-1.49.1-py3-none-macosx_11_0_universal2.whl", hash = "sha256:3be48c6d26dc819ca0a26567c1ae36a980a0303dcd4249feb6f59e115aaddfb8"},
-    {file = "playwright-1.49.0-py3-none-manylinux1_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:68d94beffb3c9213e3ceaafa66171affd9a5d9162e0c8a3eed1b1132c2e57598"},
+    {file = "playwright-1.49.1-py3-none-manylinux1_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:753ca90ee31b4b03d165cfd36e477309ebf2b4381953f2a982ff612d85b147d2"},
-    {file = "playwright-1.49.0-py3-none-manylinux_2_17_aarch64.manylinux2014_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:7f12d2aecdb41fc25a624cb15f3e8391c252ebd81985e3d5c1c261fe93779345"},
+    {file = "playwright-1.49.1-py3-none-manylinux_2_17_aarch64.manylinux2014_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:cd9bc8dab37aa25198a01f555f0a2e2c3813fe200fef018ac34dfe86b34994b9"},
-    {file = "playwright-1.49.0-py3-none-win32.whl", hash = "sha256:91103de52d470594ad375b512d7143fa95d6039111ae11a93eb4fe2f2b4a4858"},
+    {file = "playwright-1.49.1-py3-none-win32.whl", hash = "sha256:43b304be67f096058e587dac453ece550eff87b8fbed28de30f4f022cc1745bb"},
-    {file = "playwright-1.49.0-py3-none-win_amd64.whl", hash = "sha256:34d28a2c2d46403368610be4339898dc9c34eb9f7c578207b4715c49743a072a"},
+    {file = "playwright-1.49.1-py3-none-win_amd64.whl", hash = "sha256:47b23cb346283278f5b4d1e1990bcb6d6302f80c0aa0ca93dd0601a1400191df"},
 ]
 
 [package.dependencies]

pyproject.toml

@@ -93,7 +93,19 @@ build-backend = "poetry.core.masonry.api"
 [tool.ruff]
 target-version = "py39"
 lint.isort.split-on-trailing-comma = false
-lint.select = ["B", "D", "E", "F", "I", "SIM", "W", "PTH", "RUF", "FURB"]
+lint.select = [
+    "B", 
+    "D", 
+    "E", 
+    "F", 
+    "I", 
+    "SIM", 
+    "W", 
+    "PTH", 
+    "RUF", 
+    "FURB", 
+    "ERA"
+]
 lint.ignore = ["B008", "D205", "E501", "F403", "SIM115", "RUF006", "RUF012"]
 lint.pydocstyle.convention = "google"
 

reflex/.templates/web/utils/state.js

@@ -40,9 +40,6 @@ let event_processing = false;
 // Array holding pending events to be processed.
 const event_queue = [];
 
-// Pending upload promises, by id
-const upload_controllers = {};
-
 /**
  * Generate a UUID (Used for session tokens).
  * Taken from: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/105034/how-do-i-create-a-guid-uuid
@@ -300,7 +297,7 @@ export const applyEvent = async (event, socket) => {
   if (socket) {
     socket.emit(
       "event",
-      JSON.stringify(event, (k, v) => (v === undefined ? null : v))
+      event,
     );
     return true;
   }
@@ -407,6 +404,8 @@ export const connect = async (
     transports: transports,
     autoUnref: false,
   });
+  // Ensure undefined fields in events are sent as null instead of removed
+  socket.current.io.encoder.replacer = (k, v) => (v === undefined ? null : v)
 
   function checkVisibility() {
     if (document.visibilityState === "visible") {
@@ -443,8 +442,7 @@ export const connect = async (
   });
 
   // On each received message, queue the updates and events.
-  socket.current.on("event", async (message) => {
+  socket.current.on("event", async (update) => {
-    const update = JSON5.parse(message);
     for (const substate in update.delta) {
       dispatch[substate](update.delta[substate]);
     }
@@ -456,7 +454,7 @@ export const connect = async (
   });
   socket.current.on("reload", async (event) => {
     event_processing = false;
-    queueEvents([...initialEvents(), JSON5.parse(event)], socket);
+    queueEvents([...initialEvents(), event], socket);
   });
 
   document.addEventListener("visibilitychange", checkVisibility);
@@ -485,7 +483,9 @@ export const uploadFiles = async (
     return false;
   }
 
-  if (upload_controllers[upload_id]) {
+  const upload_ref_name = `__upload_controllers_${upload_id}`
+
+  if (refs[upload_ref_name]) {
     console.log("Upload already in progress for ", upload_id);
     return false;
   }
@@ -497,7 +497,9 @@ export const uploadFiles = async (
     // Whenever called, responseText will contain the entire response so far.
     const chunks = progressEvent.event.target.responseText.trim().split("\n");
     // So only process _new_ chunks beyond resp_idx.
-    chunks.slice(resp_idx).map((chunk) => {
+    chunks.slice(resp_idx).map((chunk_json) => {
+      try {
+        const chunk = JSON5.parse(chunk_json);
         event_callbacks.map((f, ix) => {
           f(chunk)
             .then(() => {
@@ -509,11 +511,17 @@ export const uploadFiles = async (
             .catch((e) => {
               if (progressEvent.progress === 1) {
                 // Chunk may be incomplete, so only report errors when full response is available.
-              console.log("Error parsing chunk", chunk, e);
+                console.log("Error processing chunk", chunk, e);
               }
               return;
             });
         });
+      } catch (e) {
+        if (progressEvent.progress === 1) {
+          console.log("Error parsing chunk", chunk_json, e);
+        }
+        return;
+      }
     });
   };
 
@@ -537,7 +545,7 @@ export const uploadFiles = async (
   });
 
   // Send the file to the server.
-  upload_controllers[upload_id] = controller;
+  refs[upload_ref_name] = controller;
 
   try {
     return await axios.post(getBackendURL(UPLOADURL), formdata, config);
@@ -557,7 +565,7 @@ export const uploadFiles = async (
     }
     return false;
   } finally {
-    delete upload_controllers[upload_id];
+    delete refs[upload_ref_name];
   }
 };
 
@@ -799,7 +807,7 @@ export const useEventLoop = (
         connect(
           socket,
           dispatch,
-          ["websocket", "polling"],
+          ["websocket"],
           setConnectErrors,
           client_storage
         );

reflex/__init__.py

@@ -331,7 +331,7 @@ _MAPPING: dict = {
         "SessionStorage",
     ],
     "middleware": ["middleware", "Middleware"],
-    "model": ["session", "Model"],
+    "model": ["asession", "session", "Model"],
     "state": [
         "var",
         "ComponentState",

reflex/__init__.pyi

@@ -186,6 +186,7 @@ from .istate.wrappers import get_state as get_state
 from .middleware import Middleware as Middleware
 from .middleware import middleware as middleware
 from .model import Model as Model
+from .model import asession as asession
 from .model import session as session
 from .page import page as page
 from .state import ComponentState as ComponentState

reflex/app.py

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import sys
 import traceback
 from datetime import datetime
 from pathlib import Path
+from types import SimpleNamespace
 from typing import (
     TYPE_CHECKING,
     Any,
@@ -363,6 +364,11 @@ class App(MiddlewareMixin, LifespanMixin):
                 max_http_buffer_size=constants.POLLING_MAX_HTTP_BUFFER_SIZE,
                 ping_interval=constants.Ping.INTERVAL,
                 ping_timeout=constants.Ping.TIMEOUT,
+                json=SimpleNamespace(
+                    dumps=staticmethod(format.json_dumps),
+                    loads=staticmethod(json.loads),
+                ),
+                transports=["websocket"],
             )
         elif getattr(self.sio, "async_mode", "") != "asgi":
             raise RuntimeError(
@@ -467,7 +473,7 @@ class App(MiddlewareMixin, LifespanMixin):
 
     def add_page(
         self,
-        component: Component | ComponentCallable,
+        component: Component | ComponentCallable | None = None,
         route: str | None = None,
         title: str | Var | None = None,
         description: str | Var | None = None,
@@ -490,17 +496,33 @@ class App(MiddlewareMixin, LifespanMixin):
             meta: The metadata of the page.
 
         Raises:
-            ValueError: When the specified route name already exists.
+            PageValueError: When the component is not set for a non-404 page.
+            RouteValueError: When the specified route name already exists.
         """
         # If the route is not set, get it from the callable.
         if route is None:
             if not isinstance(component, Callable):
-                raise ValueError("Route must be set if component is not a callable.")
+                raise exceptions.RouteValueError(
+                    "Route must be set if component is not a callable."
+                )
             # Format the route.
             route = format.format_route(component.__name__)
         else:
             route = format.format_route(route, format_case=False)
 
+        if route == constants.Page404.SLUG:
+            if component is None:
+                component = Default404Page.create()
+            component = wait_for_client_redirect(self._generate_component(component))
+            title = title or constants.Page404.TITLE
+            description = description or constants.Page404.DESCRIPTION
+            image = image or constants.Page404.IMAGE
+        else:
+            if component is None:
+                raise exceptions.PageValueError(
+                    "Component must be set for a non-404 page."
+                )
+
         # Check if the route given is valid
         verify_route_validity(route)
 
@@ -516,7 +538,7 @@ class App(MiddlewareMixin, LifespanMixin):
                 if route == constants.PageNames.INDEX_ROUTE
                 else f"`{route}`"
             )
-            raise ValueError(
+            raise exceptions.RouteValueError(
                 f"Duplicate page route {route_name} already exists. Make sure you do not have two"
                 f" pages with the same route"
             )
@@ -633,10 +655,14 @@ class App(MiddlewareMixin, LifespanMixin):
             on_load: The event handler(s) that will be called each time the page load.
             meta: The metadata of the page.
         """
-        if component is None:
+        console.deprecate(
-            component = Default404Page.create()
+            feature_name="App.add_custom_404_page",
+            reason=f"Use app.add_page(component, route='/{constants.Page404.SLUG}') instead.",
+            deprecation_version="0.6.7",
+            removal_version="0.8.0",
+        )
         self.add_page(
-            component=wait_for_client_redirect(self._generate_component(component)),
+            component=component,
             route=constants.Page404.SLUG,
             title=title or constants.Page404.TITLE,
             image=image or constants.Page404.IMAGE,
@@ -837,7 +863,7 @@ class App(MiddlewareMixin, LifespanMixin):
 
         # Render a default 404 page if the user didn't supply one
         if constants.Page404.SLUG not in self.unevaluated_pages:
-            self.add_custom_404_page()
+            self.add_page(route=constants.Page404.SLUG)
 
         # Fix up the style.
         self.style = evaluate_style_namespaces(self.style)
@@ -947,12 +973,12 @@ class App(MiddlewareMixin, LifespanMixin):
             is not None
         ):
             executor = concurrent.futures.ProcessPoolExecutor(
-                max_workers=number_of_processes,
+                max_workers=number_of_processes or None,
                 mp_context=multiprocessing.get_context("fork"),
             )
         else:
             executor = concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(
-                max_workers=environment.REFLEX_COMPILE_THREADS.get()
+                max_workers=environment.REFLEX_COMPILE_THREADS.get() or None
             )
 
         for route, component in zip(self.pages, page_components):
@@ -965,7 +991,6 @@ class App(MiddlewareMixin, LifespanMixin):
 
             def _submit_work(fn, *args, **kwargs):
                 f = executor.submit(fn, *args, **kwargs)
-                # f = executor.apipe(fn, *args, **kwargs)
                 result_futures.append(f)
 
             # Compile the pre-compiled pages.
@@ -1157,7 +1182,7 @@ class App(MiddlewareMixin, LifespanMixin):
             if hasattr(handler_fn, "__name__"):
                 _fn_name = handler_fn.__name__
             else:
-                _fn_name = handler_fn.__class__.__name__
+                _fn_name = type(handler_fn).__name__
 
             if isinstance(handler_fn, functools.partial):
                 raise ValueError(
@@ -1270,7 +1295,7 @@ async def process(
                 await asyncio.create_task(
                     app.event_namespace.emit(
                         "reload",
-                        data=format.json_dumps(event),
+                        data=event,
                         to=sid,
                     )
                 )
@@ -1523,7 +1548,7 @@ class EventNamespace(AsyncNamespace):
         """
         # Creating a task prevents the update from being blocked behind other coroutines.
         await asyncio.create_task(
-            self.emit(str(constants.SocketEvent.EVENT), update.json(), to=sid)
+            self.emit(str(constants.SocketEvent.EVENT), update, to=sid)
         )
 
     async def on_event(self, sid, data):
@@ -1536,7 +1561,7 @@ class EventNamespace(AsyncNamespace):
             sid: The Socket.IO session id.
             data: The event data.
         """
-        fields = json.loads(data)
+        fields = data
         # Get the event.
         event = Event(
             **{k: v for k, v in fields.items() if k not in ("handler", "event_actions")}

reflex/assets.py

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Optional
 
 from reflex import constants
-from reflex.utils.exec import is_backend_only
+from reflex.config import EnvironmentVariables
 
 
 def asset(
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ def asset(
         The relative URL to the asset.
     """
     assets = constants.Dirs.APP_ASSETS
-    backend_only = is_backend_only()
+    backend_only = EnvironmentVariables.REFLEX_BACKEND_ONLY.get()
 
     # Local asset handling
     if not shared:

reflex/components/component.py

@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ class ComponentNamespace(SimpleNamespace):
         Returns:
             The hash of the namespace.
         """
-        return hash(self.__class__.__name__)
+        return hash(type(self).__name__)
 
 
 def evaluate_style_namespaces(style: ComponentStyle) -> dict:
@@ -653,7 +653,6 @@ class Component(BaseComponent, ABC):
 
         Returns:
             The event triggers.
-
         """
         default_triggers: Dict[str, types.ArgsSpec | Sequence[types.ArgsSpec]] = {
             EventTriggers.ON_FOCUS: no_args_event_spec,
@@ -2565,7 +2564,7 @@ class LiteralComponentVar(CachedVarOperation, LiteralVar, ComponentVar):
         Returns:
             The hash of the var.
         """
-        return hash((self.__class__.__name__, self._js_expr))
+        return hash((type(self).__name__, self._js_expr))
 
     @classmethod
     def create(

reflex/components/core/client_side_routing.py

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ class ClientSideRouting(Component):
     library = "$/utils/client_side_routing"
     tag = "useClientSideRouting"
 
-    def add_hooks(self) -> list[str]:
+    def add_hooks(self) -> list[str | Var]:
         """Get the hooks to render.
 
         Returns:
@@ -66,4 +66,4 @@ class Default404Page(Component):
     tag = "Error"
     is_default = True
 
-    status_code: Var[int] = 404  # type: ignore
+    status_code: Var[int] = Var.create(404)

reflex/components/core/client_side_routing.pyi

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ from reflex.vars.base import Var
 route_not_found: Var
 
 class ClientSideRouting(Component):
-    def add_hooks(self) -> list[str]: ...
+    def add_hooks(self) -> list[str | Var]: ...
     def render(self) -> str: ...
     @overload
     @classmethod

reflex/components/core/cond.py

@@ -49,9 +49,9 @@ class Cond(MemoizationLeaf):
             The conditional component.
         """
         # Wrap everything in fragments.
-        if comp1.__class__.__name__ != "Fragment":
+        if type(comp1).__name__ != "Fragment":
             comp1 = Fragment.create(comp1)
-        if comp2 is None or comp2.__class__.__name__ != "Fragment":
+        if comp2 is None or type(comp2).__name__ != "Fragment":
             comp2 = Fragment.create(comp2) if comp2 else Fragment.create()
         return Fragment.create(
             cls(

reflex/components/core/upload.py

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ from reflex.event import (
 from reflex.utils import format
 from reflex.utils.imports import ImportVar
 from reflex.vars import VarData
-from reflex.vars.base import CallableVar, LiteralVar, Var, get_unique_variable_name
+from reflex.vars.base import CallableVar, Var, get_unique_variable_name
 from reflex.vars.sequence import LiteralStringVar
 
 DEFAULT_UPLOAD_ID: str = "default"
@@ -108,7 +108,8 @@ def clear_selected_files(id_: str = DEFAULT_UPLOAD_ID) -> EventSpec:
     # UploadFilesProvider assigns a special function to clear selected files
     # into the shared global refs object to make it accessible outside a React
     # component via `run_script` (otherwise backend could never clear files).
-    return run_script(f"refs['__clear_selected_files']({id_!r})")
+    func = Var("__clear_selected_files")._as_ref()
+    return run_script(f"{func}({id_!r})")
 
 
 def cancel_upload(upload_id: str) -> EventSpec:
@@ -120,7 +121,8 @@ def cancel_upload(upload_id: str) -> EventSpec:
     Returns:
         An event spec that cancels the upload when triggered.
     """
-    return run_script(f"upload_controllers[{LiteralVar.create(upload_id)!s}]?.abort()")
+    controller = Var(f"__upload_controllers_{upload_id}")._as_ref()
+    return run_script(f"{controller}?.abort()")
 
 
 def get_upload_dir() -> Path:

reflex/components/datadisplay/dataeditor.py

@@ -51,27 +51,6 @@ class GridColumnIcons(Enum):
     VideoUri = "video_uri"
 
 
-# @serializer
-# def serialize_gridcolumn_icon(icon: GridColumnIcons) -> str:
-#     """Serialize grid column icon.
-
-#     Args:
-#         icon: the Icon to serialize.
-
-#     Returns:
-#         The serialized value.
-#     """
-#     return "prefix" + str(icon)
-
-
-# class DataEditorColumn(Base):
-#     """Column."""
-
-#     title: str
-#     id: Optional[str] = None
-#     type_: str = "str"
-
-
 class DataEditorTheme(Base):
     """The theme for the DataEditor component."""
 
@@ -229,7 +208,7 @@ class DataEditor(NoSSRComponent):
     header_height: Var[int]
 
     # Additional header icons:
-    # header_icons: Var[Any] # (TODO: must be a map of name: svg)
+    # header_icons: Var[Any] # (TODO: must be a map of name: svg) #noqa: ERA001
 
     # The maximum width a column can be automatically sized to.
     max_column_auto_width: Var[int]

reflex/components/datadisplay/dataeditor.pyi

@@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ class DataEditor(NoSSRComponent):
             freeze_columns: The number of columns which should remain in place when scrolling horizontally. Doesn't include rowMarkers.
             group_header_height: Controls the header of the group header row.
             header_height: Controls the height of the header row.
-            max_column_auto_width: Additional header icons:  header_icons: Var[Any] # (TODO: must be a map of name: svg)  The maximum width a column can be automatically sized to.
+            max_column_auto_width: The maximum width a column can be automatically sized to.
             max_column_width: The maximum width a column can be resized to.
             min_column_width: The minimum width a column can be resized to.
             row_height: Determins the height of each row.

reflex/components/datadisplay/shiki_code_block.py

@@ -490,17 +490,17 @@ class ShikiJsTransformer(ShikiBaseTransformers):
             },
             # White Space
             # ".tab, .space": {
-            #     "position": "relative",
+            #     "position": "relative", # noqa: ERA001
             # },
             # ".tab::before": {
-            #     "content": "'⇥'",
+            #     "content": "'⇥'", # noqa: ERA001
-            #     "position": "absolute",
+            #     "position": "absolute", # noqa: ERA001
-            #     "opacity": "0.3",
+            #     "opacity": "0.3",# noqa: ERA001
             # },
             # ".space::before": {
-            #     "content": "'·'",
+            #     "content": "'·'", # noqa: ERA001
-            #     "position": "absolute",
+            #     "position": "absolute", # noqa: ERA001
-            #     "opacity": "0.3",
+            #     "opacity": "0.3", # noqa: ERA001
             # },
         }
     )

reflex/components/el/elements/base.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-"""Element classes. This is an auto-generated file. Do not edit. See ../generate.py."""
+"""Base classes."""
 
 from typing import Union
 

reflex/components/el/elements/forms.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-"""Element classes. This is an auto-generated file. Do not edit. See ../generate.py."""
+"""Forms classes."""
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ from reflex.event import (
     prevent_default,
 )
 from reflex.utils.imports import ImportDict
+from reflex.utils.types import is_optional
 from reflex.vars import VarData
 from reflex.vars.base import LiteralVar, Var
 
@@ -84,7 +85,6 @@ class Datalist(BaseHTML):
     """Display the datalist element."""
 
     tag = "datalist"
-    # No unique attributes, only common ones are inherited
 
 
 class Fieldset(Element):
@@ -250,7 +250,6 @@ class Form(BaseHTML):
                     _js_expr=f"getRefValue({ref_var!s})",
                     _var_data=VarData.merge(ref_var._get_all_var_data()),
                 )
-        # print(repr(form_refs))
         return form_refs
 
     def _get_vars(self, include_children: bool = True) -> Iterator[Var]:
@@ -384,6 +383,33 @@ class Input(BaseHTML):
     # Fired when a key is released
     on_key_up: EventHandler[key_event]
 
+    @classmethod
+    def create(cls, *children, **props):
+        """Create an Input component.
+
+        Args:
+            *children: The children of the component.
+            **props: The properties of the component.
+
+        Returns:
+            The component.
+        """
+        from reflex.vars.number import ternary_operation
+
+        value = props.get("value")
+
+        # React expects an empty string(instead of null) for controlled inputs.
+        if value is not None and is_optional(
+            (value_var := Var.create(value))._var_type
+        ):
+            props["value"] = ternary_operation(
+                (value_var != Var.create(None))  # pyright: ignore [reportGeneralTypeIssues]
+                & (value_var != Var(_js_expr="undefined")),
+                value,
+                Var.create(""),
+            )
+        return super().create(*children, **props)
+
 
 class Label(BaseHTML):
     """Display the label element."""
@@ -401,7 +427,6 @@ class Legend(BaseHTML):
     """Display the legend element."""
 
     tag = "legend"
-    # No unique attributes, only common ones are inherited
 
 
 class Meter(BaseHTML):

reflex/components/el/elements/forms.pyi

@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ class Datalist(BaseHTML):
 
         Args:
             *children: The children of the component.
-            access_key: No unique attributes, only common ones are inherited   Provides a hint for generating a keyboard shortcut for the current element.
+            access_key: Provides a hint for generating a keyboard shortcut for the current element.
             auto_capitalize: Controls whether and how text input is automatically capitalized as it is entered/edited by the user.
             content_editable: Indicates whether the element's content is editable.
             context_menu: Defines the ID of a <menu> element which will serve as the element's context menu.
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ class Input(BaseHTML):
         on_unmount: Optional[EventType[[], BASE_STATE]] = None,
         **props,
     ) -> "Input":
-        """Create the component.
+        """Create an Input component.
 
         Args:
             *children: The children of the component.
@@ -576,7 +576,7 @@ class Input(BaseHTML):
             class_name: The class name for the component.
             autofocus: Whether the component should take the focus once the page is loaded
             custom_attrs: custom attribute
-            **props: The props of the component.
+            **props: The properties of the component.
 
         Returns:
             The component.
@@ -730,7 +730,7 @@ class Legend(BaseHTML):
 
         Args:
             *children: The children of the component.
-            access_key: No unique attributes, only common ones are inherited   Provides a hint for generating a keyboard shortcut for the current element.
+            access_key: Provides a hint for generating a keyboard shortcut for the current element.
             auto_capitalize: Controls whether and how text input is automatically capitalized as it is entered/edited by the user.
             content_editable: Indicates whether the element's content is editable.
             context_menu: Defines the ID of a <menu> element which will serve as the element's context menu.

reflex/components/el/elements/inline.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-"""Element classes. This is an auto-generated file. Do not edit. See ../generate.py."""
+"""Inline classes."""
 
 from typing import Union
 

reflex/components/el/elements/media.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-"""Element classes. This is an auto-generated file. Do not edit. See ../generate.py."""
+"""Media classes."""
 
 from typing import Any, Union
 
@@ -129,7 +129,6 @@ class Img(BaseHTML):
 
         Returns:
             The component.
-
         """
         return (
             super().create(src=children[0], **props)
@@ -274,14 +273,12 @@ class Picture(BaseHTML):
     """Display the picture element."""
 
     tag = "picture"
-    # No unique attributes, only common ones are inherited
 
 
 class Portal(BaseHTML):
     """Display the portal element."""
 
     tag = "portal"
-    # No unique attributes, only common ones are inherited
 
 
 class Source(BaseHTML):

reflex/components/el/elements/media.pyi

@@ -340,7 +340,6 @@ class Img(BaseHTML):
 
         Returns:
             The component.
-
         """
         ...
 
@@ -987,7 +986,7 @@ class Picture(BaseHTML):
 
         Args:
             *children: The children of the component.
-            access_key: No unique attributes, only common ones are inherited   Provides a hint for generating a keyboard shortcut for the current element.
+            access_key: Provides a hint for generating a keyboard shortcut for the current element.
             auto_capitalize: Controls whether and how text input is automatically capitalized as it is entered/edited by the user.
             content_editable: Indicates whether the element's content is editable.
             context_menu: Defines the ID of a <menu> element which will serve as the element's context menu.
@@ -1073,7 +1072,7 @@ class Portal(BaseHTML):
 
         Args:
             *children: The children of the component.
-            access_key: No unique attributes, only common ones are inherited   Provides a hint for generating a keyboard shortcut for the current element.
+            access_key: Provides a hint for generating a keyboard shortcut for the current element.
             auto_capitalize: Controls whether and how text input is automatically capitalized as it is entered/edited by the user.
             content_editable: Indicates whether the element's content is editable.
             context_menu: Defines the ID of a <menu> element which will serve as the element's context menu.

reflex/components/el/elements/metadata.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-"""Element classes. This is an auto-generated file. Do not edit. See ../generate.py."""
+"""Metadata classes."""
 
 from typing import List, Union
 

reflex/components/el/elements/other.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-"""Element classes. This is an auto-generated file. Do not edit. See ../generate.py."""
+"""Other classes."""
 
 from typing import Union
 
@@ -26,31 +26,39 @@ class Dialog(BaseHTML):
 
 
 class Summary(BaseHTML):
-    """Display the summary element."""
+    """Display the summary element.
+
+    Used as a summary or caption for a <details> element.
+    """
 
     tag = "summary"
-    # No unique attributes, only common ones are inherited; used as a summary or caption for a <details> element
 
 
 class Slot(BaseHTML):
-    """Display the slot element."""
+    """Display the slot element.
+
+    Used as a placeholder inside a web component.
+    """
 
     tag = "slot"
-    # No unique attributes, only common ones are inherited; used as a placeholder inside a web component
 
 
 class Template(BaseHTML):
-    """Display the template element."""
+    """Display the template element.
+
+    Used for declaring fragments of HTML that can be cloned and inserted in the document.
+    """
 
     tag = "template"
-    # No unique attributes, only common ones are inherited; used for declaring fragments of HTML that can be cloned and inserted in the document
 
 
 class Math(BaseHTML):
-    """Display the math element."""
+    """Display the math element.
+
+    Represents a mathematical expression.
+    """
 
     tag = "math"
-    # No unique attributes, only common ones are inherited; used for displaying mathematical expressions
 
 
 class Html(BaseHTML):

reflex/components/el/elements/other.pyi

@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ class Summary(BaseHTML):
 
         Args:
             *children: The children of the component.
-            access_key: No unique attributes, only common ones are inherited; used as a summary or caption for a <details> element   Provides a hint for generating a keyboard shortcut for the current element.
+            access_key: Provides a hint for generating a keyboard shortcut for the current element.
             auto_capitalize: Controls whether and how text input is automatically capitalized as it is entered/edited by the user.
             content_editable: Indicates whether the element's content is editable.
             context_menu: Defines the ID of a <menu> element which will serve as the element's context menu.
@@ -330,7 +330,7 @@ class Slot(BaseHTML):
 
         Args:
             *children: The children of the component.
-            access_key: No unique attributes, only common ones are inherited; used as a placeholder inside a web component   Provides a hint for generating a keyboard shortcut for the current element.
+            access_key: Provides a hint for generating a keyboard shortcut for the current element.
             auto_capitalize: Controls whether and how text input is automatically capitalized as it is entered/edited by the user.
             content_editable: Indicates whether the element's content is editable.
             context_menu: Defines the ID of a <menu> element which will serve as the element's context menu.
@@ -416,7 +416,7 @@ class Template(BaseHTML):
 
         Args:
             *children: The children of the component.
-            access_key: No unique attributes, only common ones are inherited; used for declaring fragments of HTML that can be cloned and inserted in the document   Provides a hint for generating a keyboard shortcut for the current element.
+            access_key: Provides a hint for generating a keyboard shortcut for the current element.
             auto_capitalize: Controls whether and how text input is automatically capitalized as it is entered/edited by the user.
             content_editable: Indicates whether the element's content is editable.
             context_menu: Defines the ID of a <menu> element which will serve as the element's context menu.
@@ -502,7 +502,7 @@ class Math(BaseHTML):
 
         Args:
             *children: The children of the component.
-            access_key: No unique attributes, only common ones are inherited; used for displaying mathematical expressions   Provides a hint for generating a keyboard shortcut for the current element.
+            access_key: Provides a hint for generating a keyboard shortcut for the current element.
             auto_capitalize: Controls whether and how text input is automatically capitalized as it is entered/edited by the user.
             content_editable: Indicates whether the element's content is editable.
             context_menu: Defines the ID of a <menu> element which will serve as the element's context menu.

reflex/components/el/elements/scripts.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-"""Element classes. This is an auto-generated file. Do not edit. See ../generate.py."""
+"""Scripts classes."""
 
 from typing import Union
 
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ class Noscript(BaseHTML):
     """Display the noscript element."""
 
     tag = "noscript"
-    # No unique attributes, only common ones are inherited
 
 
 class Script(BaseHTML):

reflex/components/el/elements/scripts.pyi

@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ class Noscript(BaseHTML):
 
         Args:
             *children: The children of the component.
-            access_key: No unique attributes, only common ones are inherited   Provides a hint for generating a keyboard shortcut for the current element.
+            access_key: Provides a hint for generating a keyboard shortcut for the current element.
             auto_capitalize: Controls whether and how text input is automatically capitalized as it is entered/edited by the user.
             content_editable: Indicates whether the element's content is editable.
             context_menu: Defines the ID of a <menu> element which will serve as the element's context menu.

reflex/components/el/elements/sectioning.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-"""Element classes. This is an auto-generated file. Do not edit. See ../generate.py."""
+"""Sectioning classes."""
 
 from .base import BaseHTML
 

reflex/components/el/elements/tables.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-"""Element classes. This is an auto-generated file. Do not edit. See ../generate.py."""
+"""Tables classes."""
 
 from typing import Union
 

reflex/components/el/elements/typography.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-"""Element classes. This is an auto-generated file. Do not edit. See ../generate.py."""
+"""Typography classes."""
 
 from typing import Union
 

reflex/components/next/image.py

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ class Image(NextComponent):
     placeholder: Var[str]
 
     # Allows passing CSS styles to the underlying image element.
-    # style: Var[Any]
+    # style: Var[Any] #noqa: ERA001
 
     # The loading behavior of the image. Defaults to lazy. Can hurt performance, recommended to use `priority` instead.
     loading: Var[Literal["lazy", "eager"]]

reflex/components/next/image.pyi

@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ class Image(NextComponent):
             quality: The quality of the optimized image, an integer between 1 and 100, where 100 is the best quality and therefore largest file size. Defaults to 75.
             priority: When true, the image will be considered high priority and preload. Lazy loading is automatically disabled for images using priority.
             placeholder: A placeholder to use while the image is loading. Possible values are blur, empty, or data:image/.... Defaults to empty.
-            loading: Allows passing CSS styles to the underlying image element.  style: Var[Any]  The loading behavior of the image. Defaults to lazy. Can hurt performance, recommended to use `priority` instead.
+            loading: The loading behavior of the image. Defaults to lazy. Can hurt performance, recommended to use `priority` instead.
             blurDataURL: A Data URL to be used as a placeholder image before the src image successfully loads. Only takes effect when combined with placeholder="blur".
             on_load: Fires when the image has loaded.
             on_error: Fires when the image has an error.

reflex/components/radix/primitives/slider.py

@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ class Slider(ComponentNamespace):
         else:
             children = [
                 track,
-                #     Foreach.create(props.get("value"), lambda e: SliderThumb.create()),  # foreach doesn't render Thumbs properly
+                #     Foreach.create(props.get("value"), lambda e: SliderThumb.create()),  # foreach doesn't render Thumbs properly # noqa: ERA001
             ]
 
         return SliderRoot.create(*children, **props)

reflex/components/radix/themes/base.py

@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ LiteralAccentColor = Literal[
 class CommonMarginProps(Component):
     """Many radix-themes elements accept shorthand margin props."""
 
-    # Margin: "0" - "9"
+    # Margin: "0" - "9" # noqa: ERA001
     m: Var[LiteralSpacing]
 
     # Margin horizontal: "0" - "9"
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ class CommonMarginProps(Component):
 class CommonPaddingProps(Component):
     """Many radix-themes elements accept shorthand padding props."""
 
-    # Padding: "0" - "9"
+    # Padding: "0" - "9" # noqa: ERA001
     p: Var[Responsive[LiteralSpacing]]
 
     # Padding horizontal: "0" - "9"
@@ -139,14 +139,7 @@ class RadixThemesComponent(Component):
         component = super().create(*children, **props)
         if component.library is None:
             component.library = RadixThemesComponent.__fields__["library"].default
-        component.alias = "RadixThemes" + (
+        component.alias = "RadixThemes" + (component.tag or type(component).__name__)
-            component.tag or component.__class__.__name__
-        )
-        # value = props.get("value")
-        # if value is not None and component.alias == "RadixThemesSelect.Root":
-        #     lv = LiteralVar.create(value)
-        #     print(repr(lv))
-        #     print(f"Warning: Value {value} is not used in {component.alias}.")
         return component
 
     @staticmethod
@@ -268,6 +261,7 @@ class Theme(RadixThemesComponent):
                 _js_expr="{...theme.styles.global[':root'], ...theme.styles.global.body}"
             ),
         )
+        tag.remove_props("appearance")
         return tag
 
 

reflex/components/radix/themes/color_mode.pyi

@@ -427,7 +427,7 @@ class ColorModeSwitch(Switch):
             color_scheme: Override theme color for switch
             high_contrast: Whether to render the switch with higher contrast color against background
             radius: Override theme radius for switch: "none" | "small" | "full"
-            on_change: Props to rename  Fired when the value of the switch changes
+            on_change: Fired when the value of the switch changes
             style: The style of the component.
             key: A unique key for the component.
             id: The id for the component.

reflex/components/radix/themes/components/checkbox.pyi

@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ class Checkbox(RadixThemesComponent):
             required: Whether the checkbox is required
             name: The name of the checkbox control when submitting the form.
             value: The value of the checkbox control when submitting the form.
-            on_change: Props to rename  Fired when the checkbox is checked or unchecked.
+            on_change: Fired when the checkbox is checked or unchecked.
             style: The style of the component.
             key: A unique key for the component.
             id: The id for the component.
@@ -302,7 +302,7 @@ class HighLevelCheckbox(RadixThemesComponent):
             required: Whether the checkbox is required
             name: The name of the checkbox control when submitting the form.
             value: The value of the checkbox control when submitting the form.
-            on_change: Props to rename  Fired when the checkbox is checked or unchecked.
+            on_change: Fired when the checkbox is checked or unchecked.
             style: The style of the component.
             key: A unique key for the component.
             id: The id for the component.
@@ -449,7 +449,7 @@ class CheckboxNamespace(ComponentNamespace):
             required: Whether the checkbox is required
             name: The name of the checkbox control when submitting the form.
             value: The value of the checkbox control when submitting the form.
-            on_change: Props to rename  Fired when the checkbox is checked or unchecked.
+            on_change: Fired when the checkbox is checked or unchecked.
             style: The style of the component.
             key: A unique key for the component.
             id: The id for the component.

reflex/components/radix/themes/components/radio_group.pyi

@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ class RadioGroupRoot(RadixThemesComponent):
             disabled: Whether the radio group is disabled
             name: The name of the group. Submitted with its owning form as part of a name/value pair.
             required: Whether the radio group is required
-            on_change: Props to rename  Fired when the value of the radio group changes.
+            on_change: Fired when the value of the radio group changes.
             style: The style of the component.
             key: A unique key for the component.
             id: The id for the component.

reflex/components/radix/themes/components/select.pyi

@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ class SelectRoot(RadixThemesComponent):
             name: The name of the select control when submitting the form.
             disabled: When True, prevents the user from interacting with select.
             required: When True, indicates that the user must select a value before the owning form can be submitted.
-            on_change: Props to rename  Fired when the value of the select changes.
+            on_change: Fired when the value of the select changes.
             on_open_change: Fired when the select is opened or closed.
             style: The style of the component.
             key: A unique key for the component.
@@ -732,7 +732,7 @@ class HighLevelSelect(SelectRoot):
             name: The name of the select control when submitting the form.
             disabled: When True, prevents the user from interacting with select.
             required: When True, indicates that the user must select a value before the owning form can be submitted.
-            on_change: Props to rename  Fired when the value of the select changes.
+            on_change: Fired when the value of the select changes.
             on_open_change: Fired when the select is opened or closed.
             style: The style of the component.
             key: A unique key for the component.
@@ -912,7 +912,7 @@ class Select(ComponentNamespace):
             name: The name of the select control when submitting the form.
             disabled: When True, prevents the user from interacting with select.
             required: When True, indicates that the user must select a value before the owning form can be submitted.
-            on_change: Props to rename  Fired when the value of the select changes.
+            on_change: Fired when the value of the select changes.
             on_open_change: Fired when the select is opened or closed.
             style: The style of the component.
             key: A unique key for the component.

reflex/components/radix/themes/components/slider.pyi

@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ class Slider(RadixThemesComponent):
             step: The step value of the slider.
             disabled: Whether the slider is disabled
             orientation: The orientation of the slider.
-            on_change: Props to rename  Fired when the value of the slider changes.
+            on_change: Fired when the value of the slider changes.
             on_value_commit: Fired when a thumb is released after being dragged.
             style: The style of the component.
             key: A unique key for the component.

reflex/components/radix/themes/components/switch.pyi

@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ class Switch(RadixThemesComponent):
             color_scheme: Override theme color for switch
             high_contrast: Whether to render the switch with higher contrast color against background
             radius: Override theme radius for switch: "none" | "small" | "full"
-            on_change: Props to rename  Fired when the value of the switch changes
+            on_change: Fired when the value of the switch changes
             style: The style of the component.
             key: A unique key for the component.
             id: The id for the component.

reflex/components/radix/themes/components/tabs.pyi

@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ class TabsRoot(RadixThemesComponent):
             orientation: The orientation of the tabs.
             dir: Reading direction of the tabs.
             activation_mode: The mode of activation for the tabs. "automatic" will activate the tab when focused. "manual" will activate the tab when clicked.
-            on_change: Props to rename  Fired when the value of the tabs changes.
+            on_change: Fired when the value of the tabs changes.
             style: The style of the component.
             key: A unique key for the component.
             id: The id for the component.
@@ -374,7 +374,7 @@ class Tabs(ComponentNamespace):
             orientation: The orientation of the tabs.
             dir: Reading direction of the tabs.
             activation_mode: The mode of activation for the tabs. "automatic" will activate the tab when focused. "manual" will activate the tab when clicked.
-            on_change: Props to rename  Fired when the value of the tabs changes.
+            on_change: Fired when the value of the tabs changes.
             style: The style of the component.
             key: A unique key for the component.
             id: The id for the component.

reflex/components/radix/themes/components/text_field.py

@@ -9,7 +9,9 @@ from reflex.components.core.breakpoints import Responsive
 from reflex.components.core.debounce import DebounceInput
 from reflex.components.el import elements
 from reflex.event import EventHandler, input_event, key_event
+from reflex.utils.types import is_optional
 from reflex.vars.base import Var
+from reflex.vars.number import ternary_operation
 
 from ..base import LiteralAccentColor, LiteralRadius, RadixThemesComponent
 
@@ -96,6 +98,19 @@ class TextFieldRoot(elements.Div, RadixThemesComponent):
         Returns:
             The component.
         """
+        value = props.get("value")
+
+        # React expects an empty string(instead of null) for controlled inputs.
+        if value is not None and is_optional(
+            (value_var := Var.create(value))._var_type
+        ):
+            props["value"] = ternary_operation(
+                (value_var != Var.create(None))  # pyright: ignore [reportGeneralTypeIssues]
+                & (value_var != Var(_js_expr="undefined")),
+                value,
+                Var.create(""),
+            )
+
         component = super().create(*children, **props)
         if props.get("value") is not None and props.get("on_change") is not None:
             # create a debounced input if the user requests full control to avoid typing jank

reflex/components/radix/themes/layout/list.py

@@ -64,7 +64,6 @@ class BaseList(Component, MarkdownComponentMap):
 
         Returns:
             The list component.
-
         """
         items = props.pop("items", None)
         list_style_type = props.pop("list_style_type", "none")
@@ -114,7 +113,6 @@ class UnorderedList(BaseList, Ul):
 
         Returns:
             The list component.
-
         """
         items = props.pop("items", None)
         list_style_type = props.pop("list_style_type", "disc")
@@ -144,7 +142,6 @@ class OrderedList(BaseList, Ol):
 
         Returns:
             The list component.
-
         """
         items = props.pop("items", None)
         list_style_type = props.pop("list_style_type", "decimal")
@@ -168,7 +165,6 @@ class ListItem(Li, MarkdownComponentMap):
 
         Returns:
             The list item component.
-
         """
         for child in children:
             if isinstance(child, Text):

reflex/components/radix/themes/layout/list.pyi

@@ -118,7 +118,6 @@ class BaseList(Component, MarkdownComponentMap):
 
         Returns:
             The list component.
-
         """
         ...
 
@@ -252,7 +251,6 @@ class UnorderedList(BaseList, Ul):
 
         Returns:
             The list component.
-
         """
         ...
 
@@ -390,7 +388,6 @@ class OrderedList(BaseList, Ol):
 
         Returns:
             The list component.
-
         """
         ...
 
@@ -477,7 +474,6 @@ class ListItem(Li, MarkdownComponentMap):
 
         Returns:
             The list item component.
-
         """
         ...
 
@@ -571,7 +567,6 @@ class List(ComponentNamespace):
 
         Returns:
             The list component.
-
         """
         ...
 

reflex/components/recharts/cartesian.py

@@ -416,7 +416,7 @@ class Bar(Cartesian):
     radius: Var[Union[int, List[int]]]
 
     # The active bar is shown when a user enters a bar chart and this chart has tooltip. If set to false, no active bar will be drawn. If set to true, active bar will be drawn with the props calculated internally. If passed an object, active bar will be drawn, and the internally calculated props will be merged with the key value pairs of the passed object.
-    # active_bar: Var[Union[bool, Dict[str, Any]]]
+    # active_bar: Var[Union[bool, Dict[str, Any]]] #noqa: ERA001
 
     # Valid children components
     _valid_children: List[str] = ["Cell", "LabelList", "ErrorBar"]

reflex/components/recharts/polar.py

@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ class Radar(Recharts):
     # Fill color. Default: rx.color("accent", 3)
     fill: Var[str] = LiteralVar.create(Color("accent", 3))
 
-    # opacity. Default: 0.6
+    # The opacity to fill the chart. Default: 0.6
     fill_opacity: Var[float] = LiteralVar.create(0.6)
 
     # The type of icon in legend. If set to 'none', no legend item will be rendered. Default: "rect"

reflex/components/recharts/polar.pyi

@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ class Radar(Recharts):
             dot: If false set, dots will not be drawn. Default: True
             stroke: Stoke color. Default: rx.color("accent", 9)
             fill: Fill color. Default: rx.color("accent", 3)
-            fill_opacity: opacity. Default: 0.6
+            fill_opacity: The opacity to fill the chart. Default: 0.6
             legend_type: The type of icon in legend. If set to 'none', no legend item will be rendered. Default: "rect"
             label: If false set, labels will not be drawn. Default: True
             is_animation_active: If set false, animation of polygon will be disabled. Default: True in CSR, and False in SSR

reflex/components/sonner/toast.py

@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ class ToastProps(PropsBase, NoExtrasAllowedProps):
 
     # TODO: fix serialization of icons for toast? (might not be possible yet)
     # Icon displayed in front of toast's text, aligned vertically.
-    # icon: Optional[Icon] = None
+    # icon: Optional[Icon] = None # noqa: ERA001
 
     # TODO: fix implementation for action / cancel buttons
     # Renders a primary button, clicking it will close the toast.
@@ -364,9 +364,7 @@ class Toaster(Component):
         return super().create(*children, **props)
 
 
-# TODO: figure out why loading toast stay open forever
+# TODO: figure out why loading toast stay open forever when using level="loading" in toast()
-# def toast_loading(message: str, **kwargs):
-#     return _toast(message, level="loading", **kwargs)
 
 
 class ToastNamespace(ComponentNamespace):
@@ -379,7 +377,6 @@ class ToastNamespace(ComponentNamespace):
     error = staticmethod(Toaster.toast_error)
     success = staticmethod(Toaster.toast_success)
     dismiss = staticmethod(Toaster.toast_dismiss)
-    # loading = staticmethod(toast_loading)
     __call__ = staticmethod(Toaster.send_toast)
 
 

reflex/components/suneditor/editor.py

@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ class Editor(NoSSRComponent):
     # Please refer to the library docs for this.
     # options: "en" | "da" | "de" | "es" | "fr" | "ja" | "ko" | "pt_br" |
     #  "ru" | "zh_cn" | "ro" | "pl" | "ckb" | "lv" | "se" | "ua" | "he" | "it"
-    # default : "en"
+    # default: "en".
     lang: Var[
         Union[
             Literal[
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ class Editor(NoSSRComponent):
     set_options: Var[Dict]
 
     # Whether all SunEditor plugins should be loaded.
-    # default: True
+    # default: True.
     set_all_plugins: Var[bool]
 
     # Set the content of the editor.
@@ -191,19 +191,19 @@ class Editor(NoSSRComponent):
     set_default_style: Var[str]
 
     # Disable the editor
-    # default: False
+    # default: False.
     disable: Var[bool]
 
     # Hide the editor
-    # default: False
+    # default: False.
     hide: Var[bool]
 
     # Hide the editor toolbar
-    # default: False
+    # default: False.
     hide_toolbar: Var[bool]
 
     # Disable the editor toolbar
-    # default: False
+    # default: False.
     disable_toolbar: Var[bool]
 
     # Fired when the editor content changes.

reflex/components/suneditor/editor.pyi

@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ class Editor(NoSSRComponent):
 
         Args:
             set_options(Optional[EditorOptions]): Configuration object to further configure the instance.
-            lang: Language of the editor.  Alternatively to a string, a dict of your language can be passed to this prop.  Please refer to the library docs for this.  options: "en" | "da" | "de" | "es" | "fr" | "ja" | "ko" | "pt_br" |   "ru" | "zh_cn" | "ro" | "pl" | "ckb" | "lv" | "se" | "ua" | "he" | "it"  default : "en"
+            lang: Language of the editor.  Alternatively to a string, a dict of your language can be passed to this prop.  Please refer to the library docs for this.  options: "en" | "da" | "de" | "es" | "fr" | "ja" | "ko" | "pt_br" |   "ru" | "zh_cn" | "ro" | "pl" | "ckb" | "lv" | "se" | "ua" | "he" | "it"  default: "en".
             name: This is used to set the HTML form name of the editor.  This means on HTML form submission,  it will be submitted together with contents of the editor by the name provided.
             default_value: Sets the default value of the editor.  This is useful if you don't want the on_change method to be called on render.  If you want the on_change method to be called on render please use the set_contents prop
             width: Sets the width of the editor.  px and percentage values are accepted, eg width="100%" or width="500px"  default: 100%
@@ -180,14 +180,14 @@ class Editor(NoSSRComponent):
             placeholder: Sets the placeholder of the editor.
             auto_focus: Should the editor receive focus when initialized?
             set_options: Pass an EditorOptions instance to modify the behaviour of Editor even more.
-            set_all_plugins: Whether all SunEditor plugins should be loaded.  default: True
+            set_all_plugins: Whether all SunEditor plugins should be loaded.  default: True.
             set_contents: Set the content of the editor.  Note: To set the initial contents of the editor  without calling the on_change event,  please use the default_value prop.  set_contents is used to set the contents of the editor programmatically.  You must be aware that, when the set_contents's prop changes,  the on_change event is triggered.
             append_contents: Append editor content
             set_default_style: Sets the default style of the editor's edit area
-            disable: Disable the editor  default: False
+            disable: Disable the editor  default: False.
-            hide: Hide the editor  default: False
+            hide: Hide the editor  default: False.
-            hide_toolbar: Hide the editor toolbar  default: False
+            hide_toolbar: Hide the editor toolbar  default: False.
-            disable_toolbar: Disable the editor toolbar  default: False
+            disable_toolbar: Disable the editor toolbar  default: False.
             on_change: Fired when the editor content changes.
             on_input: Fired when the something is inputted in the editor.
             on_blur: Fired when the editor loses focus.

reflex/config.py

@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ class DBConfig(Base):
         )
 
     @classmethod
-    def postgresql_psycopg2(
+    def postgresql_psycopg(
         cls,
         database: str,
         username: str,
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ class DBConfig(Base):
         host: str | None = None,
         port: int | None = 5432,
     ) -> DBConfig:
-        """Create an instance with postgresql+psycopg2 engine.
+        """Create an instance with postgresql+psycopg engine.
 
         Args:
             database: Database name.
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ class DBConfig(Base):
             DBConfig instance.
         """
         return cls(
-            engine="postgresql+psycopg2",
+            engine="postgresql+psycopg",
             username=username,
             password=password,
             host=host,
@@ -512,6 +512,9 @@ class EnvironmentVariables:
     # Whether to print the SQL queries if the log level is INFO or lower.
     SQLALCHEMY_ECHO: EnvVar[bool] = env_var(False)
 
+    # Whether to check db connections before using them.
+    SQLALCHEMY_POOL_PRE_PING: EnvVar[bool] = env_var(True)
+
     # Whether to ignore the redis config error. Some redis servers only allow out-of-band configuration.
     REFLEX_IGNORE_REDIS_CONFIG_ERROR: EnvVar[bool] = env_var(False)
 
@@ -568,6 +571,10 @@ class EnvironmentVariables:
 environment = EnvironmentVariables()
 
 
+# These vars are not logged because they may contain sensitive information.
+_sensitive_env_vars = {"DB_URL", "ASYNC_DB_URL", "REDIS_URL"}
+
+
 class Config(Base):
     """The config defines runtime settings for the app.
 
@@ -621,6 +628,9 @@ class Config(Base):
     # The database url used by rx.Model.
     db_url: Optional[str] = "sqlite:///reflex.db"
 
+    # The async database url used by rx.Model.
+    async_db_url: Optional[str] = None
+
     # The redis url
     redis_url: Optional[str] = None
 
@@ -674,6 +684,9 @@ class Config(Base):
     # Maximum expiration lock time for redis state manager
     redis_lock_expiration: int = constants.Expiration.LOCK
 
+    # Maximum lock time before warning for redis state manager.
+    redis_lock_warning_threshold: int = constants.Expiration.LOCK_WARNING_THRESHOLD
+
     # Token expiration time for redis state manager
     redis_token_expiration: int = constants.Expiration.TOKEN
 
@@ -748,18 +761,20 @@ class Config(Base):
 
             # If the env var is set, override the config value.
             if env_var is not None:
-                if key.upper() != "DB_URL":
-                    console.info(
-                        f"Overriding config value {key} with env var {key.upper()}={env_var}",
-                        dedupe=True,
-                    )
-
                 # Interpret the value.
                 value = interpret_env_var_value(env_var, field.outer_type_, field.name)
 
                 # Set the value.
                 updated_values[key] = value
 
+                if key.upper() in _sensitive_env_vars:
+                    env_var = "***"
+
+                console.info(
+                    f"Overriding config value {key} with env var {key.upper()}={env_var}",
+                    dedupe=True,
+                )
+
         return updated_values
 
     def get_event_namespace(self) -> str:

reflex/constants/config.py

@@ -26,9 +26,11 @@ class Expiration(SimpleNamespace):
     # Token expiration time in seconds
     TOKEN = 60 * 60
     # Maximum time in milliseconds that a state can be locked for exclusive access.
-    LOCK = 1000
+    LOCK = 10000
     # The PING timeout
     PING = 120
+    # The maximum time in milliseconds to hold a lock before throwing a warning.
+    LOCK_WARNING_THRESHOLD = 1000
 
 
 class GitIgnore(SimpleNamespace):

reflex/event.py

@@ -1222,7 +1222,7 @@ def call_event_handler(
                 except TypeError:
                     # TODO: In 0.7.0, remove this block and raise the exception
                     # raise TypeError(
-                    #     f"Could not compare types {args_types_without_vars[i]} and {type_hints_of_provided_callback[arg]} for argument {arg} of {event_handler.fn.__qualname__} provided for {key}."
+                    #     f"Could not compare types {args_types_without_vars[i]} and {type_hints_of_provided_callback[arg]} for argument {arg} of {event_handler.fn.__qualname__} provided for {key}." # noqa: ERA001
                     # ) from e
                     console.warn(
                         f"Could not compare types {args_types_without_vars[i]} and {type_hints_of_provided_callback[arg]} for argument {arg} of {event_callback.fn.__qualname__} provided for {key}."
@@ -1556,7 +1556,7 @@ class LiteralEventVar(VarOperationCall, LiteralVar, EventVar):
         Returns:
             The hash of the var.
         """
-        return hash((self.__class__.__name__, self._js_expr))
+        return hash((type(self).__name__, self._js_expr))
 
     @classmethod
     def create(
@@ -1620,7 +1620,7 @@ class LiteralEventChainVar(ArgsFunctionOperationBuilder, LiteralVar, EventChainV
         Returns:
             The hash of the var.
         """
-        return hash((self.__class__.__name__, self._js_expr))
+        return hash((type(self).__name__, self._js_expr))
 
     @classmethod
     def create(

reflex/experimental/client_state.py

@@ -242,4 +242,5 @@ class ClientStateVar(Var):
         """
         if not self._global_ref:
             raise ValueError("ClientStateVar must be global to push the value.")
+        value = Var.create(value)
         return run_script(f"{_client_state_ref(self._setter_name)}({value})")

reflex/experimental/layout.py

@@ -33,12 +33,6 @@ class Sidebar(Box, MemoizationLeaf):
         Returns:
             The sidebar component.
         """
-        # props.setdefault("border_right", f"1px solid {color('accent', 12)}")
-        # props.setdefault("background_color", color("accent", 1))
-        # props.setdefault("width", "20vw")
-        # props.setdefault("height", "100vh")
-        # props.setdefault("position", "fixed")
-
         return super().create(
             Box.create(*children, **props),  # sidebar for content
             Box.create(width=props.get("width")),  # spacer for layout

reflex/model.py

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import re
 from collections import defaultdict
 from typing import Any, ClassVar, Optional, Type, Union
 
@@ -14,6 +15,7 @@ import alembic.script
 import alembic.util
 import sqlalchemy
 import sqlalchemy.exc
+import sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio
 import sqlalchemy.orm
 
 from reflex.base import Base
@@ -21,6 +23,48 @@ from reflex.config import environment, get_config
 from reflex.utils import console
 from reflex.utils.compat import sqlmodel, sqlmodel_field_has_primary_key
 
+_ENGINE: dict[str, sqlalchemy.engine.Engine] = {}
+_ASYNC_ENGINE: dict[str, sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio.AsyncEngine] = {}
+_AsyncSessionLocal: dict[str | None, sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio.async_sessionmaker] = {}
+
+# Import AsyncSession _after_ reflex.utils.compat
+from sqlmodel.ext.asyncio.session import AsyncSession  # noqa: E402
+
+
+def _safe_db_url_for_logging(url: str) -> str:
+    """Remove username and password from the database URL for logging.
+
+    Args:
+        url: The database URL.
+
+    Returns:
+        The database URL with the username and password removed.
+    """
+    return re.sub(r"://[^@]+@", "://<username>:<password>@", url)
+
+
+def get_engine_args(url: str | None = None) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Get the database engine arguments.
+
+    Args:
+        url: The database url.
+
+    Returns:
+        The database engine arguments as a dict.
+    """
+    kwargs: dict[str, Any] = dict(
+        # Print the SQL queries if the log level is INFO or lower.
+        echo=environment.SQLALCHEMY_ECHO.get(),
+        # Check connections before returning them.
+        pool_pre_ping=environment.SQLALCHEMY_POOL_PRE_PING.get(),
+    )
+    conf = get_config()
+    url = url or conf.db_url
+    if url is not None and url.startswith("sqlite"):
+        # Needed for the admin dash on sqlite.
+        kwargs["connect_args"] = {"check_same_thread": False}
+    return kwargs
+
 
 def get_engine(url: str | None = None) -> sqlalchemy.engine.Engine:
     """Get the database engine.
@@ -38,15 +82,62 @@ def get_engine(url: str | None = None) -> sqlalchemy.engine.Engine:
     url = url or conf.db_url
     if url is None:
         raise ValueError("No database url configured")
+
+    global _ENGINE
+    if url in _ENGINE:
+        return _ENGINE[url]
+
     if not environment.ALEMBIC_CONFIG.get().exists():
         console.warn(
             "Database is not initialized, run [bold]reflex db init[/bold] first."
         )
-    # Print the SQL queries if the log level is INFO or lower.
+    _ENGINE[url] = sqlmodel.create_engine(
-    echo_db_query = environment.SQLALCHEMY_ECHO.get()
+        url,
-    # Needed for the admin dash on sqlite.
+        **get_engine_args(url),
-    connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False} if url.startswith("sqlite") else {}
+    )
-    return sqlmodel.create_engine(url, echo=echo_db_query, connect_args=connect_args)
+    return _ENGINE[url]
+
+
+def get_async_engine(url: str | None) -> sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio.AsyncEngine:
+    """Get the async database engine.
+
+    Args:
+        url: The database url.
+
+    Returns:
+        The async database engine.
+
+    Raises:
+        ValueError: If the async database url is None.
+    """
+    if url is None:
+        conf = get_config()
+        url = conf.async_db_url
+        if url is not None and conf.db_url is not None:
+            async_db_url_tail = url.partition("://")[2]
+            db_url_tail = conf.db_url.partition("://")[2]
+            if async_db_url_tail != db_url_tail:
+                console.warn(
+                    f"async_db_url `{_safe_db_url_for_logging(url)}` "
+                    "should reference the same database as "
+                    f"db_url `{_safe_db_url_for_logging(conf.db_url)}`."
+                )
+    if url is None:
+        raise ValueError("No async database url configured")
+
+    global _ASYNC_ENGINE
+    if url in _ASYNC_ENGINE:
+        return _ASYNC_ENGINE[url]
+
+    if not environment.ALEMBIC_CONFIG.get().exists():
+        console.warn(
+            "Database is not initialized, run [bold]reflex db init[/bold] first."
+        )
+    _ASYNC_ENGINE[url] = sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio.create_async_engine(
+        url,
+        **get_engine_args(url),
+    )
+    return _ASYNC_ENGINE[url]
 
 
 async def get_db_status() -> bool:
@@ -425,6 +516,31 @@ def session(url: str | None = None) -> sqlmodel.Session:
     return sqlmodel.Session(get_engine(url))
 
 
+def asession(url: str | None = None) -> AsyncSession:
+    """Get an async sqlmodel session to interact with the database.
+
+    async with rx.asession() as asession:
+        ...
+
+    Most operations against the `asession` must be awaited.
+
+    Args:
+        url: The database url.
+
+    Returns:
+        An async database session.
+    """
+    global _AsyncSessionLocal
+    if url not in _AsyncSessionLocal:
+        _AsyncSessionLocal[url] = sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio.async_sessionmaker(
+            bind=get_async_engine(url),
+            class_=AsyncSession,
+            autocommit=False,
+            autoflush=False,
+        )
+    return _AsyncSessionLocal[url]()
+
+
 def sqla_session(url: str | None = None) -> sqlalchemy.orm.Session:
     """Get a bare sqlalchemy session to interact with the database.
 

reflex/state.py

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import inspect
 import json
 import pickle
 import sys
+import time
 import typing
 import uuid
 from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
@@ -39,6 +40,7 @@ from typing import (
     get_type_hints,
 )
 
+from redis.asyncio.client import PubSub
 from sqlalchemy.orm import DeclarativeBase
 from typing_extensions import Self
 
@@ -69,6 +71,11 @@ try:
 except ModuleNotFoundError:
     BaseModelV1 = BaseModelV2
 
+try:
+    from pydantic.v1 import validator
+except ModuleNotFoundError:
+    from pydantic import validator
+
 import wrapt
 from redis.asyncio import Redis
 from redis.exceptions import ResponseError
@@ -92,11 +99,13 @@ from reflex.utils.exceptions import (
     DynamicRouteArgShadowsStateVar,
     EventHandlerShadowsBuiltInStateMethod,
     ImmutableStateError,
+    InvalidLockWarningThresholdError,
     InvalidStateManagerMode,
     LockExpiredError,
     ReflexRuntimeError,
     SetUndefinedStateVarError,
     StateSchemaMismatchError,
+    StateSerializationError,
     StateTooLargeError,
 )
 from reflex.utils.exec import is_testing_env
@@ -438,7 +447,7 @@ class BaseState(Base, ABC, extra=pydantic.Extra.allow):
         Returns:
             The string representation of the state.
         """
-        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({self.dict()})"
+        return f"{type(self).__name__}({self.dict()})"
 
     @classmethod
     def _get_computed_vars(cls) -> list[ComputedVar]:
@@ -1094,6 +1103,7 @@ class BaseState(Base, ABC, extra=pydantic.Extra.allow):
         if (
             not field.required
             and field.default is None
+            and field.default_factory is None
             and not types.is_optional(prop._var_type)
         ):
             # Ensure frontend uses null coalescing when accessing.
@@ -2121,14 +2131,26 @@ class BaseState(Base, ABC, extra=pydantic.Extra.allow):
             state["__dict__"].pop("router", None)
             state["__dict__"].pop("router_data", None)
         # Never serialize parent_state or substates.
-        state["__dict__"]["parent_state"] = None
+        state["__dict__"].pop("parent_state", None)
-        state["__dict__"]["substates"] = {}
+        state["__dict__"].pop("substates", None)
         state["__dict__"].pop("_was_touched", None)
         # Remove all inherited vars.
         for inherited_var_name in self.inherited_vars:
             state["__dict__"].pop(inherited_var_name, None)
         return state
 
+    def __setstate__(self, state: dict[str, Any]):
+        """Set the state from redis deserialization.
+
+        This method is called by pickle to deserialize the object.
+
+        Args:
+            state: The state dict for deserialization.
+        """
+        state["__dict__"]["parent_state"] = None
+        state["__dict__"]["substates"] = {}
+        super().__setstate__(state)
+
     def _check_state_size(
         self,
         pickle_state_size: int,
@@ -2193,8 +2215,12 @@ class BaseState(Base, ABC, extra=pydantic.Extra.allow):
 
         Returns:
             The serialized state.
+
+        Raises:
+            StateSerializationError: If the state cannot be serialized.
         """
         payload = b""
+        error = ""
         try:
             payload = pickle.dumps((self._to_schema(), self))
         except HANDLED_PICKLE_ERRORS as og_pickle_error:
@@ -2214,8 +2240,13 @@ class BaseState(Base, ABC, extra=pydantic.Extra.allow):
             except HANDLED_PICKLE_ERRORS as ex:
                 error += f"Dill was also unable to pickle the state: {ex}"
             console.warn(error)
+
         if environment.REFLEX_PERF_MODE.get() != PerformanceMode.OFF:
             self._check_state_size(len(payload))
+
+        if not payload:
+            raise StateSerializationError(error)
+
         return payload
 
     @classmethod
@@ -2809,6 +2840,7 @@ class StateManager(Base, ABC):
                     redis=redis,
                     token_expiration=config.redis_token_expiration,
                     lock_expiration=config.redis_lock_expiration,
+                    lock_warning_threshold=config.redis_lock_warning_threshold,
                 )
         raise InvalidStateManagerMode(
             f"Expected one of: DISK, MEMORY, REDIS, got {config.state_manager_mode}"
@@ -3178,6 +3210,15 @@ def _default_lock_expiration() -> int:
     return get_config().redis_lock_expiration
 
 
+def _default_lock_warning_threshold() -> int:
+    """Get the default lock warning threshold.
+
+    Returns:
+        The default lock warning threshold.
+    """
+    return get_config().redis_lock_warning_threshold
+
+
 class StateManagerRedis(StateManager):
     """A state manager that stores states in redis."""
 
@@ -3190,6 +3231,11 @@ class StateManagerRedis(StateManager):
     # The maximum time to hold a lock (ms).
     lock_expiration: int = pydantic.Field(default_factory=_default_lock_expiration)
 
+    # The maximum time to hold a lock (ms) before warning.
+    lock_warning_threshold: int = pydantic.Field(
+        default_factory=_default_lock_warning_threshold
+    )
+
     # The keyspace subscription string when redis is waiting for lock to be released
     _redis_notify_keyspace_events: str = (
         "K"  # Enable keyspace notifications (target a particular key)
@@ -3377,6 +3423,17 @@ class StateManagerRedis(StateManager):
                 f"`app.state_manager.lock_expiration` (currently {self.lock_expiration}) "
                 "or use `@rx.event(background=True)` decorator for long-running tasks."
             )
+        elif lock_id is not None:
+            time_taken = self.lock_expiration / 1000 - (
+                await self.redis.ttl(self._lock_key(token))
+            )
+            if time_taken > self.lock_warning_threshold / 1000:
+                console.warn(
+                    f"Lock for token {token} was held too long {time_taken=}s, "
+                    f"use `@rx.event(background=True)` decorator for long-running tasks.",
+                    dedupe=True,
+                )
+
         client_token, substate_name = _split_substate_key(token)
         # If the substate name on the token doesn't match the instance name, it cannot have a parent.
         if state.parent_state is not None and state.get_full_name() != substate_name:
@@ -3426,6 +3483,27 @@ class StateManagerRedis(StateManager):
             yield state
             await self.set_state(token, state, lock_id)
 
+    @validator("lock_warning_threshold")
+    @classmethod
+    def validate_lock_warning_threshold(cls, lock_warning_threshold: int, values):
+        """Validate the lock warning threshold.
+
+        Args:
+            lock_warning_threshold: The lock warning threshold.
+            values: The validated attributes.
+
+        Returns:
+            The lock warning threshold.
+
+        Raises:
+            InvalidLockWarningThresholdError: If the lock warning threshold is invalid.
+        """
+        if lock_warning_threshold >= (lock_expiration := values["lock_expiration"]):
+            raise InvalidLockWarningThresholdError(
+                f"The lock warning threshold({lock_warning_threshold}) must be less than the lock expiration time({lock_expiration})."
+            )
+        return lock_warning_threshold
+
     @staticmethod
     def _lock_key(token: str) -> bytes:
         """Get the redis key for a token's lock.
@@ -3457,6 +3535,35 @@ class StateManagerRedis(StateManager):
             nx=True,  # only set if it doesn't exist
         )
 
+    async def _get_pubsub_message(
+        self, pubsub: PubSub, timeout: float | None = None
+    ) -> None:
+        """Get lock release events from the pubsub.
+
+        Args:
+            pubsub: The pubsub to get a message from.
+            timeout: Remaining time to wait for a message.
+
+        Returns:
+            The message.
+        """
+        if timeout is None:
+            timeout = self.lock_expiration / 1000.0
+
+        started = time.time()
+        message = await pubsub.get_message(
+            ignore_subscribe_messages=True,
+            timeout=timeout,
+        )
+        if (
+            message is None
+            or message["data"] not in self._redis_keyspace_lock_release_events
+        ):
+            remaining = timeout - (time.time() - started)
+            if remaining <= 0:
+                return
+            await self._get_pubsub_message(pubsub, timeout=remaining)
+
     async def _wait_lock(self, lock_key: bytes, lock_id: bytes) -> None:
         """Wait for a redis lock to be released via pubsub.
 
@@ -3469,7 +3576,6 @@ class StateManagerRedis(StateManager):
         Raises:
             ResponseError: when the keyspace config cannot be set.
         """
-        state_is_locked = False
         lock_key_channel = f"__keyspace@0__:{lock_key.decode()}"
         # Enable keyspace notifications for the lock key, so we know when it is available.
         try:
@@ -3483,20 +3589,13 @@ class StateManagerRedis(StateManager):
                 raise
         async with self.redis.pubsub() as pubsub:
             await pubsub.psubscribe(lock_key_channel)
-            while not state_is_locked:
             # wait for the lock to be released
             while True:
-                    if not await self.redis.exists(lock_key):
+                # fast path
-                        break  # key was removed, try to get the lock again
+                if await self._try_get_lock(lock_key, lock_id):
-                    message = await pubsub.get_message(
+                    return
-                        ignore_subscribe_messages=True,
+                # wait for lock events
-                        timeout=self.lock_expiration / 1000.0,
+                await self._get_pubsub_message(pubsub)
-                    )
-                    if message is None:
-                        continue
-                    if message["data"] in self._redis_keyspace_lock_release_events:
-                        break
-                state_is_locked = await self._try_get_lock(lock_key, lock_id)
 
     @contextlib.asynccontextmanager
     async def _lock(self, token: str):
@@ -3618,7 +3717,7 @@ class MutableProxy(wrapt.ObjectProxy):
         Returns:
             The representation of the wrapped object.
         """
-        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({self.__wrapped__})"
+        return f"{type(self).__name__}({self.__wrapped__})"
 
     def _mark_dirty(
         self,

reflex/style.py

@@ -138,9 +138,6 @@ def convert_item(
     if isinstance(style_item, Var):
         return style_item, style_item._get_all_var_data()
 
-    # if isinstance(style_item, str) and REFLEX_VAR_OPENING_TAG not in style_item:
-    #     return style_item, None
-
     # Otherwise, convert to Var to collapse VarData encoded in f-string.
     new_var = LiteralVar.create(style_item)
     var_data = new_var._get_all_var_data() if new_var is not None else None

reflex/testing.py

@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ class AppHarness:
             The full state name
         """
         # NOTE: using State.get_name() somehow causes trouble here
-        # path = [State.get_name()] + [self.get_state_name(p) for p in path]
+        # path = [State.get_name()] + [self.get_state_name(p) for p in path] # noqa: ERA001
         path = ["reflex___state____state"] + [self.get_state_name(p) for p in path]
         return ".".join(path)
 
@@ -436,7 +436,6 @@ class AppHarness:
 
         Returns:
             The rendered app global code.
-
         """
         if not inspect.isclass(value) and not inspect.isfunction(value):
             return f"{key} = {value!r}"

reflex/utils/console.py

@@ -20,6 +20,24 @@ _EMITTED_DEPRECATION_WARNINGS = set()
 # Info messages which have been printed.
 _EMITTED_INFO = set()
 
+# Warnings which have been printed.
+_EMIITED_WARNINGS = set()
+
+# Errors which have been printed.
+_EMITTED_ERRORS = set()
+
+# Success messages which have been printed.
+_EMITTED_SUCCESS = set()
+
+# Debug messages which have been printed.
+_EMITTED_DEBUG = set()
+
+# Logs which have been printed.
+_EMITTED_LOGS = set()
+
+# Prints which have been printed.
+_EMITTED_PRINTS = set()
+
 
 def set_log_level(log_level: LogLevel):
     """Set the log level.
@@ -55,25 +73,37 @@ def is_debug() -> bool:
     return _LOG_LEVEL <= LogLevel.DEBUG
 
 
-def print(msg: str, **kwargs):
+def print(msg: str, dedupe: bool = False, **kwargs):
     """Print a message.
 
     Args:
         msg: The message to print.
+        dedupe: If True, suppress multiple console logs of print message.
         kwargs: Keyword arguments to pass to the print function.
     """
+    if dedupe:
+        if msg in _EMITTED_PRINTS:
+            return
+        else:
+            _EMITTED_PRINTS.add(msg)
     _console.print(msg, **kwargs)
 
 
-def debug(msg: str, **kwargs):
+def debug(msg: str, dedupe: bool = False, **kwargs):
     """Print a debug message.
 
     Args:
         msg: The debug message.
+        dedupe: If True, suppress multiple console logs of debug message.
         kwargs: Keyword arguments to pass to the print function.
     """
     if is_debug():
         msg_ = f"[purple]Debug: {msg}[/purple]"
+        if dedupe:
+            if msg_ in _EMITTED_DEBUG:
+                return
+            else:
+                _EMITTED_DEBUG.add(msg_)
         if progress := kwargs.pop("progress", None):
             progress.console.print(msg_, **kwargs)
         else:
@@ -97,25 +127,37 @@ def info(msg: str, dedupe: bool = False, **kwargs):
         print(f"[cyan]Info: {msg}[/cyan]", **kwargs)
 
 
-def success(msg: str, **kwargs):
+def success(msg: str, dedupe: bool = False, **kwargs):
     """Print a success message.
 
     Args:
         msg: The success message.
+        dedupe: If True, suppress multiple console logs of success message.
         kwargs: Keyword arguments to pass to the print function.
     """
     if _LOG_LEVEL <= LogLevel.INFO:
+        if dedupe:
+            if msg in _EMITTED_SUCCESS:
+                return
+            else:
+                _EMITTED_SUCCESS.add(msg)
         print(f"[green]Success: {msg}[/green]", **kwargs)
 
 
-def log(msg: str, **kwargs):
+def log(msg: str, dedupe: bool = False, **kwargs):
     """Takes a string and logs it to the console.
 
     Args:
         msg: The message to log.
+        dedupe: If True, suppress multiple console logs of log message.
         kwargs: Keyword arguments to pass to the print function.
     """
     if _LOG_LEVEL <= LogLevel.INFO:
+        if dedupe:
+            if msg in _EMITTED_LOGS:
+                return
+            else:
+                _EMITTED_LOGS.add(msg)
         _console.log(msg, **kwargs)
 
 
@@ -129,14 +171,20 @@ def rule(title: str, **kwargs):
     _console.rule(title, **kwargs)
 
 
-def warn(msg: str, **kwargs):
+def warn(msg: str, dedupe: bool = False, **kwargs):
     """Print a warning message.
 
     Args:
         msg: The warning message.
+        dedupe: If True, suppress multiple console logs of warning message.
         kwargs: Keyword arguments to pass to the print function.
     """
     if _LOG_LEVEL <= LogLevel.WARNING:
+        if dedupe:
+            if msg in _EMIITED_WARNINGS:
+                return
+            else:
+                _EMIITED_WARNINGS.add(msg)
         print(f"[orange1]Warning: {msg}[/orange1]", **kwargs)
 
 
@@ -169,14 +217,20 @@ def deprecate(
             _EMITTED_DEPRECATION_WARNINGS.add(feature_name)
 
 
-def error(msg: str, **kwargs):
+def error(msg: str, dedupe: bool = False, **kwargs):
     """Print an error message.
 
     Args:
         msg: The error message.
+        dedupe: If True, suppress multiple console logs of error message.
         kwargs: Keyword arguments to pass to the print function.
     """
     if _LOG_LEVEL <= LogLevel.ERROR:
+        if dedupe:
+            if msg in _EMITTED_ERRORS:
+                return
+            else:
+                _EMITTED_ERRORS.add(msg)
         print(f"[red]{msg}[/red]", **kwargs)
 
 

reflex/utils/exceptions.py

@@ -63,6 +63,10 @@ class UploadValueError(ReflexError, ValueError):
     """Custom ValueError for upload related errors."""
 
 
+class PageValueError(ReflexError, ValueError):
+    """Custom ValueError for page related errors."""
+
+
 class RouteValueError(ReflexError, ValueError):
     """Custom ValueError for route related errors."""
 
@@ -155,6 +159,10 @@ class StateTooLargeError(ReflexError):
     """Raised when the state is too large to be serialized."""
 
 
+class StateSerializationError(ReflexError):
+    """Raised when the state cannot be serialized."""
+
+
 class SystemPackageMissingError(ReflexError):
     """Raised when a system package is missing."""
 
@@ -175,3 +183,7 @@ def raise_system_package_missing_error(package: str) -> NoReturn:
         " Please install it through your system package manager."
         + (f" You can do so by running 'brew install {package}'." if IS_MACOS else "")
     )
+
+
+class InvalidLockWarningThresholdError(ReflexError):
+    """Raised when an invalid lock warning threshold is provided."""

reflex/utils/format.py

@@ -664,18 +664,22 @@ def format_library_name(library_fullname: str):
     return lib
 
 
-def json_dumps(obj: Any) -> str:
+def json_dumps(obj: Any, **kwargs) -> str:
     """Takes an object and returns a jsonified string.
 
     Args:
         obj: The object to be serialized.
+        kwargs: Additional keyword arguments to pass to json.dumps.
 
     Returns:
         A string
     """
     from reflex.utils import serializers
 
-    return json.dumps(obj, ensure_ascii=False, default=serializers.serialize)
+    kwargs.setdefault("ensure_ascii", False)
+    kwargs.setdefault("default", serializers.serialize)
+
+    return json.dumps(obj, **kwargs)
 
 
 def collect_form_dict_names(form_dict: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
@@ -712,7 +716,6 @@ def format_array_ref(refs: str, idx: Var | None) -> str:
     """
     clean_ref = re.sub(r"[^\w]+", "_", refs)
     if idx is not None:
-        # idx._var_is_local = True
         return f"refs_{clean_ref}[{idx!s}]"
     return f"refs_{clean_ref}"
 

reflex/utils/pyi_generator.py

@@ -196,12 +196,7 @@ def _get_type_hint(value, type_hint_globals, is_optional=True) -> str:
     elif isinstance(value, str):
         ev = eval(value, type_hint_globals)
         if rx_types.is_optional(ev):
-            # hints = {
-            #     _get_type_hint(arg, type_hint_globals, is_optional=False)
-            #     for arg in ev.__args__
-            # }
             return _get_type_hint(ev, type_hint_globals, is_optional=False)
-            # return f"Optional[{', '.join(hints)}]"
 
         if rx_types.is_union(ev):
             res = [
@@ -260,8 +255,15 @@ def _generate_docstrings(clzs: list[Type[Component]], props: list[str]) -> str:
                 # We've reached the functions, so stop.
                 break
 
+            if line == "":
+                # We hit a blank line, so clear comments to avoid commented out prop appearing in next prop docs.
+                comments.clear()
+                continue
+
             # Get comments for prop
             if line.strip().startswith("#"):
+                # Remove noqa from the comments.
+                line = line.partition(" # noqa")[0]
                 comments.append(line)
                 continue
 

reflex/utils/types.py

@@ -97,7 +97,6 @@ StateIterVar = Union[list, set, tuple]
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from reflex.vars.base import Var
 
-    # ArgsSpec = Callable[[Var], list[Var]]
     ArgsSpec = (
         Callable[[], Sequence[Var]]
         | Callable[[Var], Sequence[Var]]
@@ -331,7 +330,11 @@ def get_attribute_access_type(cls: GenericType, name: str) -> GenericType | None
         type_ = field.outer_type_
         if isinstance(type_, ModelField):
             type_ = type_.type_
-        if not field.required and field.default is None:
+        if (
+            not field.required
+            and field.default is None
+            and field.default_factory is None
+        ):
             # Ensure frontend uses null coalescing when accessing.
             type_ = Optional[type_]
         return type_

reflex/vars/base.py

@@ -1569,7 +1569,7 @@ class CachedVarOperation:
         if name == "_js_expr":
             return self._cached_var_name
 
-        parent_classes = inspect.getmro(self.__class__)
+        parent_classes = inspect.getmro(type(self))
 
         next_class = parent_classes[parent_classes.index(CachedVarOperation) + 1]
 
@@ -1611,7 +1611,7 @@ class CachedVarOperation:
         """
         return hash(
             (
-                self.__class__.__name__,
+                type(self).__name__,
                 *[
                     getattr(self, field.name)
                     for field in dataclasses.fields(self)  # type: ignore
@@ -1733,7 +1733,7 @@ class CallableVar(Var):
         Returns:
             The hash of the object.
         """
-        return hash((self.__class__.__name__, self.original_var))
+        return hash((type(self).__name__, self.original_var))
 
 
 RETURN_TYPE = TypeVar("RETURN_TYPE")

reflex/vars/number.py

@@ -1012,7 +1012,7 @@ class LiteralNumberVar(LiteralVar, NumberVar):
         Returns:
             int: The hash value of the object.
         """
-        return hash((self.__class__.__name__, self._var_value))
+        return hash((type(self).__name__, self._var_value))
 
     @classmethod
     def create(cls, value: float | int, _var_data: VarData | None = None):
@@ -1064,7 +1064,7 @@ class LiteralBooleanVar(LiteralVar, BooleanVar):
         Returns:
             int: The hash value of the object.
         """
-        return hash((self.__class__.__name__, self._var_value))
+        return hash((type(self).__name__, self._var_value))
 
     @classmethod
     def create(cls, value: bool, _var_data: VarData | None = None):

reflex/vars/object.py

@@ -362,7 +362,7 @@ class LiteralObjectVar(CachedVarOperation, ObjectVar[OBJECT_TYPE], LiteralVar):
         Returns:
             The hash of the var.
         """
-        return hash((self.__class__.__name__, self._js_expr))
+        return hash((type(self).__name__, self._js_expr))
 
     @cached_property_no_lock
     def _cached_get_all_var_data(self) -> VarData | None:

reflex/vars/sequence.py

@@ -667,7 +667,7 @@ class LiteralStringVar(LiteralVar, StringVar[str]):
         Returns:
             The hash of the var.
         """
-        return hash((self.__class__.__name__, self._var_value))
+        return hash((type(self).__name__, self._var_value))
 
     def json(self) -> str:
         """Get the JSON representation of the var.

tests/integration/conftest.py

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ from pathlib import Path
 
 import pytest
 
+import reflex.app
 from reflex.config import environment
 from reflex.testing import AppHarness, AppHarnessProd
 
@@ -76,3 +77,25 @@ def app_harness_env(request):
         The AppHarness class to use for the test.
     """
     return request.param
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+def raise_console_error(request, mocker):
+    """Spy on calls to `console.error` used by the framework.
+
+    Help catch spurious error conditions that might otherwise go unnoticed.
+
+    If a test is marked with `ignore_console_error`, the spy will be ignored
+    after the test.
+
+    Args:
+        request: The pytest request object.
+        mocker: The pytest mocker object.
+
+    Yields:
+        control to the test function.
+    """
+    spy = mocker.spy(reflex.app.console, "error")
+    yield
+    if "ignore_console_error" not in request.keywords:
+        spy.assert_not_called()

tests/integration/test_client_storage.py

@@ -637,8 +637,7 @@ async def test_client_side_state(
     assert await AppHarness._poll_for_async(poll_for_not_hydrated)
 
     # Trigger event to get a new instance of the state since the old was expired.
-    state_var_input = driver.find_element(By.ID, "state_var")
+    set_sub("c1", "c1 post expire")
-    state_var_input.send_keys("re-triggering")
 
     # get new references to all cookie and local storage elements (again)
     c1 = driver.find_element(By.ID, "c1")
@@ -659,7 +658,7 @@ async def test_client_side_state(
     l1s = driver.find_element(By.ID, "l1s")
     s1s = driver.find_element(By.ID, "s1s")
 
-    assert c1.text == "c1 value"
+    assert c1.text == "c1 post expire"
     assert c2.text == "c2 value"
     assert c3.text == ""  # temporary cookie expired after reset state!
     assert c4.text == "c4 value"
@@ -690,11 +689,11 @@ async def test_client_side_state(
 
     async def poll_for_c1_set():
         sub_state = await get_sub_state()
-        return sub_state.c1 == "c1 value"
+        return sub_state.c1 == "c1 post expire"
 
     assert await AppHarness._poll_for_async(poll_for_c1_set)
     sub_state = await get_sub_state()
-    assert sub_state.c1 == "c1 value"
+    assert sub_state.c1 == "c1 post expire"
     assert sub_state.c2 == "c2 value"
     assert sub_state.c3 == ""
     assert sub_state.c4 == "c4 value"

tests/integration/test_computed_vars.py

@@ -106,7 +106,6 @@ def ComputedVars():
             ),
         )
 
-    # raise Exception(State.count3._deps(objclass=State))
     app = rx.App()
     app.add_page(index)
 

tests/integration/test_exception_handlers.py

@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@ from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
 
 from reflex.testing import AppHarness, AppHarnessProd
 
+pytestmark = [pytest.mark.ignore_console_error]
+
 
 def TestApp():
     """A test app for event exception handler integration."""

tests/integration/test_input.py

@@ -183,6 +183,6 @@ async def test_fully_controlled_input(fully_controlled_input: AppHarness):
     clear_button.click()
     assert AppHarness._poll_for(lambda: on_change_input.get_attribute("value") == "")
     # potential bug: clearing the on_change field doesn't itself trigger on_change
-    # assert backend_state.text == ""
+    # assert backend_state.text == "" #noqa: ERA001
-    # assert debounce_input.get_attribute("value") == ""
+    # assert debounce_input.get_attribute("value") == "" #noqa: ERA001
-    # assert value_input.get_attribute("value") == ""
+    # assert value_input.get_attribute("value") == "" #noqa: ERA001

tests/integration/test_state_inheritance.py

@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ def StateInheritance():
         def on_click_other_mixin(self):
             self.other_mixin_clicks += 1
             self.other_mixin = (
-                f"{self.__class__.__name__}.clicked.{self.other_mixin_clicks}"
+                f"{type(self).__name__}.clicked.{self.other_mixin_clicks}"
             )
 
     class Base1(Mixin, rx.State):

tests/integration/test_upload.py

@@ -381,9 +381,22 @@ async def test_cancel_upload(tmp_path, upload_file: AppHarness, driver: WebDrive
     await asyncio.sleep(0.3)
     cancel_button.click()
 
-    # look up the backend state and assert on progress
+    # Wait a bit for the upload to get cancelled.
+    await asyncio.sleep(0.5)
+
+    # Get interim progress dicts saved in the on_upload_progress handler.
+    async def _progress_dicts():
+        state = await upload_file.get_state(substate_token)
+        return state.substates[state_name].progress_dicts
+
+    # We should have _some_ progress
+    assert await AppHarness._poll_for_async(_progress_dicts)
+
+    # But there should never be a final progress record for a cancelled upload.
+    for p in await _progress_dicts():
+        assert p["progress"] != 1
+
     state = await upload_file.get_state(substate_token)
-    assert state.substates[state_name].progress_dicts
     file_data = state.substates[state_name]._file_data
     assert isinstance(file_data, dict)
     normalized_file_data = {Path(k).name: v for k, v in file_data.items()}

tests/integration/tests_playwright/test_appearance.py

@@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
+from typing import Generator
+
+import pytest
+from playwright.sync_api import Page, expect
+
+from reflex.testing import AppHarness
+
+
+def DefaultLightModeApp():
+    import reflex as rx
+    from reflex.style import color_mode
+
+    app = rx.App(theme=rx.theme(appearance="light"))
+
+    @app.add_page
+    def index():
+        return rx.text(color_mode)
+
+
+def DefaultDarkModeApp():
+    import reflex as rx
+    from reflex.style import color_mode
+
+    app = rx.App(theme=rx.theme(appearance="dark"))
+
+    @app.add_page
+    def index():
+        return rx.text(color_mode)
+
+
+def DefaultSystemModeApp():
+    import reflex as rx
+    from reflex.style import color_mode
+
+    app = rx.App()
+
+    @app.add_page
+    def index():
+        return rx.text(color_mode)
+
+
+def ColorToggleApp():
+    import reflex as rx
+    from reflex.style import color_mode, resolved_color_mode, set_color_mode
+
+    app = rx.App(theme=rx.theme(appearance="light"))
+
+    @app.add_page
+    def index():
+        return rx.box(
+            rx.segmented_control.root(
+                rx.segmented_control.item(
+                    rx.icon(tag="monitor", size=20),
+                    value="system",
+                ),
+                rx.segmented_control.item(
+                    rx.icon(tag="sun", size=20),
+                    value="light",
+                ),
+                rx.segmented_control.item(
+                    rx.icon(tag="moon", size=20),
+                    value="dark",
+                ),
+                on_change=set_color_mode,
+                variant="classic",
+                radius="large",
+                value=color_mode,
+            ),
+            rx.text(color_mode, id="current_color_mode"),
+            rx.text(resolved_color_mode, id="resolved_color_mode"),
+            rx.text(rx.color_mode_cond("LightMode", "DarkMode"), id="color_mode_cond"),
+        )
+
+
+@pytest.fixture()
+def light_mode_app(tmp_path_factory) -> Generator[AppHarness, None, None]:
+    """Start DefaultLightMode app at tmp_path via AppHarness.
+
+    Args:
+        tmp_path_factory: pytest tmp_path_factory fixture
+
+    Yields:
+        running AppHarness instance
+
+    """
+    with AppHarness.create(
+        root=tmp_path_factory.mktemp("appearance_app"),
+        app_source=DefaultLightModeApp,  # type: ignore
+    ) as harness:
+        assert harness.app_instance is not None, "app is not running"
+        yield harness
+
+
+@pytest.fixture()
+def dark_mode_app(tmp_path_factory) -> Generator[AppHarness, None, None]:
+    """Start DefaultDarkMode app at tmp_path via AppHarness.
+
+    Args:
+        tmp_path_factory: pytest tmp_path_factory fixture
+
+    Yields:
+        running AppHarness instance
+
+    """
+    with AppHarness.create(
+        root=tmp_path_factory.mktemp("appearance_app"),
+        app_source=DefaultDarkModeApp,  # type: ignore
+    ) as harness:
+        assert harness.app_instance is not None, "app is not running"
+        yield harness
+
+
+@pytest.fixture()
+def system_mode_app(tmp_path_factory) -> Generator[AppHarness, None, None]:
+    """Start DefaultSystemMode app at tmp_path via AppHarness.
+
+    Args:
+        tmp_path_factory: pytest tmp_path_factory fixture
+
+    Yields:
+        running AppHarness instance
+
+    """
+    with AppHarness.create(
+        root=tmp_path_factory.mktemp("appearance_app"),
+        app_source=DefaultSystemModeApp,  # type: ignore
+    ) as harness:
+        assert harness.app_instance is not None, "app is not running"
+        yield harness
+
+
+@pytest.fixture()
+def color_toggle_app(tmp_path_factory) -> Generator[AppHarness, None, None]:
+    """Start ColorToggle app at tmp_path via AppHarness.
+
+    Args:
+        tmp_path_factory: pytest tmp_path_factory fixture
+
+    Yields:
+        running AppHarness instance
+
+    """
+    with AppHarness.create(
+        root=tmp_path_factory.mktemp("appearance_app"),
+        app_source=ColorToggleApp,  # type: ignore
+    ) as harness:
+        assert harness.app_instance is not None, "app is not running"
+        yield harness
+
+
+def test_appearance_light_mode(light_mode_app: AppHarness, page: Page):
+    assert light_mode_app.frontend_url is not None
+    page.goto(light_mode_app.frontend_url)
+
+    expect(page.get_by_text("light")).to_be_visible()
+
+
+def test_appearance_dark_mode(dark_mode_app: AppHarness, page: Page):
+    assert dark_mode_app.frontend_url is not None
+    page.goto(dark_mode_app.frontend_url)
+
+    expect(page.get_by_text("dark")).to_be_visible()
+
+
+def test_appearance_system_mode(system_mode_app: AppHarness, page: Page):
+    assert system_mode_app.frontend_url is not None
+    page.goto(system_mode_app.frontend_url)
+
+    expect(page.get_by_text("system")).to_be_visible()
+
+
+def test_appearance_color_toggle(color_toggle_app: AppHarness, page: Page):
+    assert color_toggle_app.frontend_url is not None
+    page.goto(color_toggle_app.frontend_url)
+
+    # Radio buttons locators.
+    radio_system = page.get_by_role("radio").nth(0)
+    radio_light = page.get_by_role("radio").nth(1)
+    radio_dark = page.get_by_role("radio").nth(2)
+
+    # Text locators to check.
+    current_color_mode = page.locator("id=current_color_mode")
+    resolved_color_mode = page.locator("id=resolved_color_mode")
+    color_mode_cond = page.locator("id=color_mode_cond")
+    root_body = page.locator('div[data-is-root-theme="true"]')
+
+    # Background colors.
+    dark_background = "rgb(17, 17, 19)"  # value based on dark native appearance, can change depending on the browser
+    light_background = "rgb(255, 255, 255)"
+
+    # check initial state
+    expect(current_color_mode).to_have_text("light")
+    expect(resolved_color_mode).to_have_text("light")
+    expect(color_mode_cond).to_have_text("LightMode")
+    expect(root_body).to_have_css("background-color", light_background)
+
+    # click dark mode
+    radio_dark.click()
+    expect(current_color_mode).to_have_text("dark")
+    expect(resolved_color_mode).to_have_text("dark")
+    expect(color_mode_cond).to_have_text("DarkMode")
+    expect(root_body).to_have_css("background-color", dark_background)
+
+    # click light mode
+    radio_light.click()
+    expect(current_color_mode).to_have_text("light")
+    expect(resolved_color_mode).to_have_text("light")
+    expect(color_mode_cond).to_have_text("LightMode")
+    expect(root_body).to_have_css("background-color", light_background)
+    page.reload()
+    expect(root_body).to_have_css("background-color", light_background)
+
+    # click system mode
+    radio_system.click()
+    expect(current_color_mode).to_have_text("system")
+    expect(resolved_color_mode).to_have_text("light")
+    expect(color_mode_cond).to_have_text("LightMode")
+    expect(root_body).to_have_css("background-color", light_background)

tests/units/components/base/test_bare.py

@@ -13,9 +13,6 @@ STATE_VAR = Var(_js_expr="default_state.name")
         ("{}", '{"{}"}'),
         (None, '{""}'),
         (STATE_VAR, "{default_state.name}"),
-        # This behavior is now unsupported.
-        # ("${default_state.name}", "${default_state.name}"),
-        # ("{state.name}", "{state.name}"),
     ],
 )
 def test_fstrings(contents, expected):

tests/units/components/core/test_foreach.py

@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 from typing import Dict, List, Set, Tuple, Union
 
+import pydantic.v1
 import pytest
 
 from reflex import el
+from reflex.base import Base
 from reflex.components.component import Component
 from reflex.components.core.foreach import (
     Foreach,
@@ -18,6 +20,12 @@ from reflex.vars.number import NumberVar
 from reflex.vars.sequence import ArrayVar
 
 
+class ForEachTag(Base):
+    """A tag for testing the ForEach component."""
+
+    name: str = ""
+
+
 class ForEachState(BaseState):
     """A state for testing the ForEach component."""
 
@@ -46,6 +54,8 @@ class ForEachState(BaseState):
     bad_annotation_list: list = [["red", "orange"], ["yellow", "blue"]]
     color_index_tuple: Tuple[int, str] = (0, "red")
 
+    default_factory_list: list[ForEachTag] = pydantic.v1.Field(default_factory=list)
+
 
 class ComponentStateTest(ComponentState):
     """A test component state."""
@@ -290,3 +300,11 @@ def test_foreach_component_state():
             ForEachState.colors_list,
             ComponentStateTest.create,
         )
+
+
+def test_foreach_default_factory():
+    """Test that the default factory is called."""
+    _ = Foreach.create(
+        ForEachState.default_factory_list,
+        lambda tag: text(tag.name),
+    )

tests/units/components/media/test_image.py

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ def test_set_src_str():
         "`pic2.jpeg`",
     )
     # For plain rx.el.img, an explicit var is not created, so the quoting happens later
-    # assert str(image.src) == "pic2.jpeg"  # type: ignore
+    # assert str(image.src) == "pic2.jpeg"  # type: ignore #noqa: ERA001
 
 
 def test_set_src_img(pil_image: Img):

tests/units/components/test_component.py

@@ -918,17 +918,17 @@ def test_invalid_event_handler_args(component2, test_state):
     # # Event Handler types must match
     # with pytest.raises(EventHandlerArgTypeMismatch):
     #     component2.create(
-    #         on_user_visited_count_changed=test_state.do_something_with_bool
+    #         on_user_visited_count_changed=test_state.do_something_with_bool # noqa: ERA001 RUF100
-    #     )
+    #     ) # noqa: ERA001 RUF100
     # with pytest.raises(EventHandlerArgTypeMismatch):
-    #     component2.create(on_user_list_changed=test_state.do_something_with_int)
+    #     component2.create(on_user_list_changed=test_state.do_something_with_int) #noqa: ERA001
     # with pytest.raises(EventHandlerArgTypeMismatch):
-    #     component2.create(on_user_list_changed=test_state.do_something_with_list_int)
+    #     component2.create(on_user_list_changed=test_state.do_something_with_list_int) #noqa: ERA001
 
-    # component2.create(on_open=test_state.do_something_with_int)
+    # component2.create(on_open=test_state.do_something_with_int) #noqa: ERA001
-    # component2.create(on_open=test_state.do_something_with_bool)
+    # component2.create(on_open=test_state.do_something_with_bool) #noqa: ERA001
-    # component2.create(on_user_visited_count_changed=test_state.do_something_with_int)
+    # component2.create(on_user_visited_count_changed=test_state.do_something_with_int) #noqa: ERA001
-    # component2.create(on_user_list_changed=test_state.do_something_with_list_str)
+    # component2.create(on_user_list_changed=test_state.do_something_with_list_str) #noqa: ERA001
 
     # lambda cannot return weird values.
     with pytest.raises(ValueError):
@@ -1437,8 +1437,6 @@ def test_get_vars(component, exp_vars):
         comp_vars,
         sorted(exp_vars, key=lambda v: v._js_expr),
     ):
-        # print(str(comp_var), str(exp_var))
-        # print(comp_var._get_all_var_data(), exp_var._get_all_var_data())
         assert comp_var.equals(exp_var)
 
 

tests/units/test_app.py

@@ -899,8 +899,6 @@ class DynamicState(BaseState):
     loaded: int = 0
     counter: int = 0
 
-    # side_effect_counter: int = 0
-
     def on_load(self):
         """Event handler for page on_load, should trigger for all navigation events."""
         self.loaded = self.loaded + 1
@@ -917,7 +915,6 @@ class DynamicState(BaseState):
         Returns:
             same as self.dynamic
         """
-        # self.side_effect_counter = self.side_effect_counter + 1
         return self.dynamic
 
     on_load_internal = OnLoadInternalState.on_load_internal.fn
@@ -1059,7 +1056,6 @@ async def test_dynamic_route_var_route_change_completed_on_load(
                     arg_name: exp_val,
                     f"comp_{arg_name}": exp_val,
                     constants.CompileVars.IS_HYDRATED: False,
-                    # "side_effect_counter": exp_index,
                     "router": exp_router,
                 }
             },
@@ -1155,8 +1151,6 @@ async def test_dynamic_route_var_route_change_completed_on_load(
     state = await app.state_manager.get_state(substate_token)
     assert state.loaded == len(exp_vals)
     assert state.counter == len(exp_vals)
-    # print(f"Expected {exp_vals} rendering side effects, got {state.side_effect_counter}")
-    # assert state.side_effect_counter == len(exp_vals)
 
     if isinstance(app.state_manager, StateManagerRedis):
         await app.state_manager.close()

tests/units/test_attribute_access_type.py

@@ -3,11 +3,19 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 from typing import Dict, List, Optional, Type, Union
 
 import attrs
+import pydantic.v1
 import pytest
 import sqlalchemy
+import sqlmodel
 from sqlalchemy import JSON, TypeDecorator
 from sqlalchemy.ext.hybrid import hybrid_property
-from sqlalchemy.orm import DeclarativeBase, Mapped, mapped_column, relationship
+from sqlalchemy.orm import (
+    DeclarativeBase,
+    Mapped,
+    MappedAsDataclass,
+    mapped_column,
+    relationship,
+)
 
 import reflex as rx
 from reflex.utils.types import GenericType, get_attribute_access_type
@@ -53,6 +61,10 @@ class SQLALabel(SQLABase):
     id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(primary_key=True)
     test_id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(sqlalchemy.ForeignKey("test.id"))
     test: Mapped[SQLAClass] = relationship(back_populates="labels")
+    test_dataclass_id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(
+        sqlalchemy.ForeignKey("test_dataclass.id")
+    )
+    test_dataclass: Mapped[SQLAClassDataclass] = relationship(back_populates="labels")
 
 
 class SQLAClass(SQLABase):
@@ -104,9 +116,64 @@ class SQLAClass(SQLABase):
         return self.labels[0] if self.labels else None
 
 
+class SQLAClassDataclass(MappedAsDataclass, SQLABase):
+    """Test sqlalchemy model."""
+
+    id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(primary_key=True)
+    no_default: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(nullable=True)
+    count: Mapped[int] = mapped_column()
+    name: Mapped[str] = mapped_column()
+    int_list: Mapped[List[int]] = mapped_column(
+        sqlalchemy.types.ARRAY(item_type=sqlalchemy.INTEGER)
+    )
+    str_list: Mapped[List[str]] = mapped_column(
+        sqlalchemy.types.ARRAY(item_type=sqlalchemy.String)
+    )
+    optional_int: Mapped[Optional[int]] = mapped_column(nullable=True)
+    sqla_tag_id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(sqlalchemy.ForeignKey(SQLATag.id))
+    sqla_tag: Mapped[Optional[SQLATag]] = relationship()
+    labels: Mapped[List[SQLALabel]] = relationship(back_populates="test_dataclass")
+    # do not use lower case dict here!
+    # https://github.com/sqlalchemy/sqlalchemy/issues/9902
+    dict_str_str: Mapped[Dict[str, str]] = mapped_column()
+    default_factory: Mapped[List[int]] = mapped_column(
+        sqlalchemy.types.ARRAY(item_type=sqlalchemy.INTEGER),
+        default_factory=list,
+    )
+    __tablename__: str = "test_dataclass"
+
+    @property
+    def str_property(self) -> str:
+        """String property.
+
+        Returns:
+            Name attribute
+        """
+        return self.name
+
+    @hybrid_property
+    def str_or_int_property(self) -> Union[str, int]:
+        """String or int property.
+
+        Returns:
+            Name attribute
+        """
+        return self.name
+
+    @hybrid_property
+    def first_label(self) -> Optional[SQLALabel]:
+        """First label property.
+
+        Returns:
+            First label
+        """
+        return self.labels[0] if self.labels else None
+
+
 class ModelClass(rx.Model):
     """Test reflex model."""
 
+    no_default: Optional[int] = sqlmodel.Field(nullable=True)
     count: int = 0
     name: str = "test"
     int_list: List[int] = []
@@ -115,6 +182,7 @@ class ModelClass(rx.Model):
     sqla_tag: Optional[SQLATag] = None
     labels: List[SQLALabel] = []
     dict_str_str: Dict[str, str] = {}
+    default_factory: List[int] = sqlmodel.Field(default_factory=list)
 
     @property
     def str_property(self) -> str:
@@ -147,6 +215,7 @@ class ModelClass(rx.Model):
 class BaseClass(rx.Base):
     """Test rx.Base class."""
 
+    no_default: Optional[int] = pydantic.v1.Field(required=False)
     count: int = 0
     name: str = "test"
     int_list: List[int] = []
@@ -155,6 +224,7 @@ class BaseClass(rx.Base):
     sqla_tag: Optional[SQLATag] = None
     labels: List[SQLALabel] = []
     dict_str_str: Dict[str, str] = {}
+    default_factory: List[int] = pydantic.v1.Field(default_factory=list)
 
     @property
     def str_property(self) -> str:
@@ -236,6 +306,7 @@ class AttrClass:
     sqla_tag: Optional[SQLATag] = None
     labels: List[SQLALabel] = []
     dict_str_str: Dict[str, str] = {}
+    default_factory: List[int] = attrs.field(factory=list)
 
     @property
     def str_property(self) -> str:
@@ -265,27 +336,17 @@ class AttrClass:
         return self.labels[0] if self.labels else None
 
 
-@pytest.fixture(
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
-    params=[
+    "cls",
+    [
         SQLAClass,
+        SQLAClassDataclass,
         BaseClass,
         BareClass,
         ModelClass,
         AttrClass,
-    ]
+    ],
 )
-def cls(request: pytest.FixtureRequest) -> type:
-    """Fixture for the class to test.
-
-    Args:
-        request: pytest request object.
-
-    Returns:
-        Class to test.
-    """
-    return request.param
-
-
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
     "attr, expected",
     [
@@ -311,3 +372,38 @@ def test_get_attribute_access_type(cls: type, attr: str, expected: GenericType)
         expected: Expected type.
     """
     assert get_attribute_access_type(cls, attr) == expected
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "cls",
+    [
+        SQLAClassDataclass,
+        BaseClass,
+        ModelClass,
+        AttrClass,
+    ],
+)
+def test_get_attribute_access_type_default_factory(cls: type) -> None:
+    """Test get_attribute_access_type returns the correct type for default factory fields.
+
+    Args:
+        cls: Class to test.
+    """
+    assert get_attribute_access_type(cls, "default_factory") == List[int]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "cls",
+    [
+        SQLAClassDataclass,
+        BaseClass,
+        ModelClass,
+    ],
+)
+def test_get_attribute_access_type_no_default(cls: type) -> None:
+    """Test get_attribute_access_type returns the correct type for fields with no default which are not required.
+
+    Args:
+        cls: Class to test.
+    """
+    assert get_attribute_access_type(cls, "no_default") == Optional[int]

tests/units/test_db_config.py

@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ def test_constructor_postgresql(username, password, host, port, database, expect
             "localhost",
             5432,
             "db",
-            "postgresql+psycopg2://user:pass@localhost:5432/db",
+            "postgresql+psycopg://user:pass@localhost:5432/db",
         ),
         (
             "user",
@@ -172,17 +172,17 @@ def test_constructor_postgresql(username, password, host, port, database, expect
             "localhost",
             None,
             "db",
-            "postgresql+psycopg2://user@localhost/db",
+            "postgresql+psycopg://user@localhost/db",
         ),
-        ("user", "", "", None, "db", "postgresql+psycopg2://user@/db"),
+        ("user", "", "", None, "db", "postgresql+psycopg://user@/db"),
-        ("", "", "localhost", 5432, "db", "postgresql+psycopg2://localhost:5432/db"),
+        ("", "", "localhost", 5432, "db", "postgresql+psycopg://localhost:5432/db"),
-        ("", "", "", None, "db", "postgresql+psycopg2:///db"),
+        ("", "", "", None, "db", "postgresql+psycopg:///db"),
     ],
 )
-def test_constructor_postgresql_psycopg2(
+def test_constructor_postgresql_psycopg(
     username, password, host, port, database, expected_url
 ):
-    """Test DBConfig.postgresql_psycopg2 constructor creates the instance correctly.
+    """Test DBConfig.postgresql_psycopg constructor creates the instance correctly.
 
     Args:
         username: Database username.
@@ -192,10 +192,10 @@ def test_constructor_postgresql_psycopg2(
         database: Database name.
         expected_url: Expected database URL generated.
     """
-    db_config = DBConfig.postgresql_psycopg2(
+    db_config = DBConfig.postgresql_psycopg(
         username=username, password=password, host=host, port=port, database=database
     )
-    assert db_config.engine == "postgresql+psycopg2"
+    assert db_config.engine == "postgresql+psycopg"
     assert db_config.username == username
     assert db_config.password == password
     assert db_config.host == host

tests/units/test_event.py

@@ -209,10 +209,6 @@ def test_event_redirect(input, output):
     assert isinstance(spec, EventSpec)
     assert spec.handler.fn.__qualname__ == "_redirect"
 
-    # this asserts need comment about what it's testing (they fail with Var as input)
-    # assert spec.args[0][0].equals(Var(_js_expr="path"))
-    # assert spec.args[0][1].equals(Var(_js_expr="/path"))
-
     assert format.format_event(spec) == output
 
 

tests/units/test_model.py

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ def test_default_primary_key(model_default_primary: Model):
     Args:
         model_default_primary: Fixture.
     """
-    assert "id" in model_default_primary.__class__.__fields__
+    assert "id" in type(model_default_primary).__fields__
 
 
 def test_custom_primary_key(model_custom_primary: Model):
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ def test_custom_primary_key(model_custom_primary: Model):
     Args:
         model_custom_primary: Fixture.
     """
-    assert "id" not in model_custom_primary.__class__.__fields__
+    assert "id" not in type(model_custom_primary).__fields__
 
 
 @pytest.mark.filterwarnings(

tests/units/test_sqlalchemy.py

@@ -127,8 +127,8 @@ def test_automigration(
         assert result[0].b == 4.2
 
     # No-op
-    # assert Model.migrate(autogenerate=True)
+    # assert Model.migrate(autogenerate=True) #noqa: ERA001
-    # assert len(list(versions.glob("*.py"))) == 4
+    # assert len(list(versions.glob("*.py"))) == 4 #noqa: ERA001
 
     # drop table (AlembicSecond)
     model_registry.get_metadata().clear()

tests/units/test_state.py

@@ -55,7 +55,12 @@ from reflex.state import (
 )
 from reflex.testing import chdir
 from reflex.utils import format, prerequisites, types
-from reflex.utils.exceptions import ReflexRuntimeError, SetUndefinedStateVarError
+from reflex.utils.exceptions import (
+    InvalidLockWarningThresholdError,
+    ReflexRuntimeError,
+    SetUndefinedStateVarError,
+    StateSerializationError,
+)
 from reflex.utils.format import json_dumps
 from reflex.vars.base import Var, computed_var
 from tests.units.states.mutation import MutableSQLAModel, MutableTestState
@@ -63,7 +68,9 @@ from tests.units.states.mutation import MutableSQLAModel, MutableTestState
 from .states import GenState
 
 CI = bool(os.environ.get("CI", False))
-LOCK_EXPIRATION = 2000 if CI else 300
+LOCK_EXPIRATION = 2500 if CI else 300
+LOCK_WARNING_THRESHOLD = 1000 if CI else 100
+LOCK_WARN_SLEEP = 1.5 if CI else 0.15
 LOCK_EXPIRE_SLEEP = 2.5 if CI else 0.4
 
 
@@ -787,7 +794,6 @@ async def test_process_event_simple(test_state):
     assert test_state.num1 == 69
 
     # The delta should contain the changes, including computed vars.
-    # assert update.delta == {"test_state": {"num1": 69, "sum": 72.14}}
     assert update.delta == {
         TestState.get_full_name(): {"num1": 69, "sum": 72.14, "upper": ""},
         GrandchildState3.get_full_name(): {"computed": ""},
@@ -1698,7 +1704,7 @@ async def test_state_manager_modify_state(
         assert not state_manager._states_locks[token].locked()
 
         # separate instances should NOT share locks
-        sm2 = state_manager.__class__(state=TestState)
+        sm2 = type(state_manager)(state=TestState)
         assert sm2._state_manager_lock is state_manager._state_manager_lock
         assert not sm2._states_locks
         if state_manager._states_locks:
@@ -1784,6 +1790,7 @@ async def test_state_manager_lock_expire(
         substate_token_redis: A token + substate name for looking up in state manager.
     """
     state_manager_redis.lock_expiration = LOCK_EXPIRATION
+    state_manager_redis.lock_warning_threshold = LOCK_WARNING_THRESHOLD
 
     async with state_manager_redis.modify_state(substate_token_redis):
         await asyncio.sleep(0.01)
@@ -1808,6 +1815,7 @@ async def test_state_manager_lock_expire_contend(
     unexp_num1 = 666
 
     state_manager_redis.lock_expiration = LOCK_EXPIRATION
+    state_manager_redis.lock_warning_threshold = LOCK_WARNING_THRESHOLD
 
     order = []
 
@@ -1837,6 +1845,57 @@ async def test_state_manager_lock_expire_contend(
     assert (await state_manager_redis.get_state(substate_token_redis)).num1 == exp_num1
 
 
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_state_manager_lock_warning_threshold_contend(
+    state_manager_redis: StateManager, token: str, substate_token_redis: str, mocker
+):
+    """Test that the state manager triggers a warning when lock contention exceeds the warning threshold.
+
+    Args:
+        state_manager_redis: A state manager instance.
+        token: A token.
+        substate_token_redis: A token + substate name for looking up in state manager.
+        mocker: Pytest mocker object.
+    """
+    console_warn = mocker.patch("reflex.utils.console.warn")
+
+    state_manager_redis.lock_expiration = LOCK_EXPIRATION
+    state_manager_redis.lock_warning_threshold = LOCK_WARNING_THRESHOLD
+
+    order = []
+
+    async def _coro_blocker():
+        async with state_manager_redis.modify_state(substate_token_redis):
+            order.append("blocker")
+            await asyncio.sleep(LOCK_WARN_SLEEP)
+
+    tasks = [
+        asyncio.create_task(_coro_blocker()),
+    ]
+
+    await tasks[0]
+    console_warn.assert_called()
+    assert console_warn.call_count == 7
+
+
+class CopyingAsyncMock(AsyncMock):
+    """An AsyncMock, but deepcopy the args and kwargs first."""
+
+    def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        """Call the mock.
+
+        Args:
+            args: the arguments passed to the mock
+            kwargs: the keyword arguments passed to the mock
+
+        Returns:
+            The result of the mock call
+        """
+        args = copy.deepcopy(args)
+        kwargs = copy.deepcopy(kwargs)
+        return super().__call__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+
 @pytest.fixture(scope="function")
 def mock_app_simple(monkeypatch) -> rx.App:
     """Simple Mock app fixture.
@@ -1853,7 +1912,7 @@ def mock_app_simple(monkeypatch) -> rx.App:
 
     setattr(app_module, CompileVars.APP, app)
     app.state = TestState
-    app.event_namespace.emit = AsyncMock()  # type: ignore
+    app.event_namespace.emit = CopyingAsyncMock()  # type: ignore
 
     def _mock_get_app(*args, **kwargs):
         return app_module
@@ -1957,8 +2016,7 @@ async def test_state_proxy(grandchild_state: GrandchildState, mock_app: rx.App):
     mock_app.event_namespace.emit.assert_called_once()
     mcall = mock_app.event_namespace.emit.mock_calls[0]
     assert mcall.args[0] == str(SocketEvent.EVENT)
-    assert json.loads(mcall.args[1]) == dataclasses.asdict(
+    assert mcall.args[1] == StateUpdate(
-        StateUpdate(
         delta={
             parent_state.get_full_name(): {
                 "upper": "",
@@ -1972,7 +2030,6 @@ async def test_state_proxy(grandchild_state: GrandchildState, mock_app: rx.App):
             },
         }
     )
-    )
     assert mcall.kwargs["to"] == grandchild_state.router.session.session_id
 
 
@@ -2153,51 +2210,51 @@ async def test_background_task_no_block(mock_app: rx.App, token: str):
     assert mock_app.event_namespace is not None
     emit_mock = mock_app.event_namespace.emit
 
-    first_ws_message = json.loads(emit_mock.mock_calls[0].args[1])
+    first_ws_message = emit_mock.mock_calls[0].args[1]
     assert (
-        first_ws_message["delta"][BackgroundTaskState.get_full_name()].pop("router")
+        first_ws_message.delta[BackgroundTaskState.get_full_name()].pop("router")
         is not None
     )
-    assert first_ws_message == {
+    assert first_ws_message == StateUpdate(
-        "delta": {
+        delta={
             BackgroundTaskState.get_full_name(): {
                 "order": ["background_task:start"],
                 "computed_order": ["background_task:start"],
             }
         },
-        "events": [],
+        events=[],
-        "final": True,
+        final=True,
-    }
+    )
     for call in emit_mock.mock_calls[1:5]:
-        assert json.loads(call.args[1]) == {
+        assert call.args[1] == StateUpdate(
-            "delta": {
+            delta={
                 BackgroundTaskState.get_full_name(): {
                     "computed_order": ["background_task:start"],
                 }
             },
-            "events": [],
+            events=[],
-            "final": True,
+            final=True,
-        }
+        )
-    assert json.loads(emit_mock.mock_calls[-2].args[1]) == {
+    assert emit_mock.mock_calls[-2].args[1] == StateUpdate(
-        "delta": {
+        delta={
             BackgroundTaskState.get_full_name(): {
                 "order": exp_order,
                 "computed_order": exp_order,
                 "dict_list": {},
             }
         },
-        "events": [],
+        events=[],
-        "final": True,
+        final=True,
-    }
+    )
-    assert json.loads(emit_mock.mock_calls[-1].args[1]) == {
+    assert emit_mock.mock_calls[-1].args[1] == StateUpdate(
-        "delta": {
+        delta={
             BackgroundTaskState.get_full_name(): {
                 "computed_order": exp_order,
             },
         },
-        "events": [],
+        events=[],
-        "final": True,
+        final=True,
-    }
+    )
 
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
@@ -3234,12 +3291,42 @@ async def test_setvar_async_setter():
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
     "expiration_kwargs, expected_values",
     [
-        ({"redis_lock_expiration": 20000}, (20000, constants.Expiration.TOKEN)),
+        (
+            {"redis_lock_expiration": 20000},
+            (
+                20000,
+                constants.Expiration.TOKEN,
+                constants.Expiration.LOCK_WARNING_THRESHOLD,
+            ),
+        ),
         (
             {"redis_lock_expiration": 50000, "redis_token_expiration": 5600},
-            (50000, 5600),
+            (50000, 5600, constants.Expiration.LOCK_WARNING_THRESHOLD),
+        ),
+        (
+            {"redis_token_expiration": 7600},
+            (
+                constants.Expiration.LOCK,
+                7600,
+                constants.Expiration.LOCK_WARNING_THRESHOLD,
+            ),
+        ),
+        (
+            {"redis_lock_expiration": 50000, "redis_lock_warning_threshold": 1500},
+            (50000, constants.Expiration.TOKEN, 1500),
+        ),
+        (
+            {"redis_token_expiration": 5600, "redis_lock_warning_threshold": 3000},
+            (constants.Expiration.LOCK, 5600, 3000),
+        ),
+        (
+            {
+                "redis_lock_expiration": 50000,
+                "redis_token_expiration": 5600,
+                "redis_lock_warning_threshold": 2000,
+            },
+            (50000, 5600, 2000),
         ),
-        ({"redis_token_expiration": 7600}, (constants.Expiration.LOCK, 7600)),
     ],
 )
 def test_redis_state_manager_config_knobs(tmp_path, expiration_kwargs, expected_values):
@@ -3269,6 +3356,44 @@ config = rx.Config(
         state_manager = StateManager.create(state=State)
         assert state_manager.lock_expiration == expected_values[0]  # type: ignore
         assert state_manager.token_expiration == expected_values[1]  # type: ignore
+        assert state_manager.lock_warning_threshold == expected_values[2]  # type: ignore
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif("REDIS_URL" not in os.environ, reason="Test requires redis")
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "redis_lock_expiration, redis_lock_warning_threshold",
+    [
+        (10000, 10000),
+        (20000, 30000),
+    ],
+)
+def test_redis_state_manager_config_knobs_invalid_lock_warning_threshold(
+    tmp_path, redis_lock_expiration, redis_lock_warning_threshold
+):
+    proj_root = tmp_path / "project1"
+    proj_root.mkdir()
+
+    config_string = f"""
+import reflex as rx
+config = rx.Config(
+    app_name="project1",
+    redis_url="redis://localhost:6379",
+    state_manager_mode="redis",
+    redis_lock_expiration = {redis_lock_expiration},
+    redis_lock_warning_threshold = {redis_lock_warning_threshold},
+)
+    """
+
+    (proj_root / "rxconfig.py").write_text(dedent(config_string))
+
+    with chdir(proj_root):
+        # reload config for each parameter to avoid stale values
+        reflex.config.get_config(reload=True)
+        from reflex.state import State, StateManager
+
+        with pytest.raises(InvalidLockWarningThresholdError):
+            StateManager.create(state=State)
+        del sys.modules[constants.Config.MODULE]
 
 
 class MixinState(State, mixin=True):
@@ -3433,8 +3558,9 @@ def test_fallback_pickle():
     # Some object, like generator, are still unpicklable with dill.
     state3 = DillState(_reflex_internal_init=True)  # type: ignore
     state3._g = (i for i in range(10))
-    pk3 = state3._serialize()
+
-    assert len(pk3) == 0
+    with pytest.raises(StateSerializationError):
+        _ = state3._serialize()
 
 
 def test_typed_state() -> None:
@@ -3485,10 +3611,10 @@ def test_mutable_models():
     state.dirty_vars.clear()
 
     # Not yet supported ENG-4083
-    # assert isinstance(state.dc, MutableProxy)
+    # assert isinstance(state.dc, MutableProxy) #noqa: ERA001
-    # state.dc.foo = "baz"
+    # state.dc.foo = "baz" #noqa: ERA001
-    # assert state.dirty_vars == {"dc"}
+    # assert state.dirty_vars == {"dc"} #noqa: ERA001
-    # state.dirty_vars.clear()
+    # state.dirty_vars.clear() #noqa: ERA001
 
 
 def test_get_value():

tests/units/test_telemetry.py

@@ -34,12 +34,6 @@ def test_disable():
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("event", ["init", "reinit", "run-dev", "run-prod", "export"])
 def test_send(mocker, event):
     httpx_post_mock = mocker.patch("httpx.post")
-    # mocker.patch(
-    #     "builtins.open",
-    #     mocker.mock_open(
-    #         read_data='{"project_hash": "78285505863498957834586115958872998605"}'
-    #     ),
-    # )
 
     # Mock the read_text method of Path
     pathlib_path_read_text_mock = mocker.patch(

tests/units/test_var.py

@@ -1495,8 +1495,6 @@ def test_valid_var_operations(operand1_var: Var, operand2_var, operators: List[s
         )
         eval(f"operand1_var {operator} operand2_var")
         eval(f"operand2_var {operator} operand1_var")
-        # operand1_var.operation(op=operator, other=operand2_var)
-        # operand1_var.operation(op=operator, other=operand2_var, flip=True)
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
@@ -1773,11 +1771,9 @@ def test_invalid_var_operations(operand1_var: Var, operand2_var, operators: List
         print(f"testing {operator} on {operand1_var!s} and {operand2_var!s}")
         with pytest.raises(TypeError):
             print(eval(f"operand1_var {operator} operand2_var"))
-            # operand1_var.operation(op=operator, other=operand2_var)
 
         with pytest.raises(TypeError):
             print(eval(f"operand2_var {operator} operand1_var"))
-            # operand1_var.operation(op=operator, other=operand2_var, flip=True)
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(